Bursais, Abdulmalek

Coniglio, Christine L.

Gentles, Jeremy A.

Kirkpatrick, Julia

Smith, Austin

Taylor, Justin

English

East Tennessee State University

East Tennessee State UniversityDigital Commons @ East Tennessee State UniversityETSU Faculty Works Faculty Works1-1-2018Training Loads of a Division I ConferenceVolleyball TournamentChristine L. ConiglioEast Tennessee State UniversityAustin SmithEast Tennessee State UniversityAbdulmalek BursaisEast Tennessee State UniversityJulia KirkpatrickEast Tennessee State UniversityJustin TaylorEast Tennessee State UniversitySee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-worksThis Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has beenaccepted for inclusion in ETSU Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For moreinformation, please contact digilib@etsu.edu.Citation InformationConiglio, Christine L.; Smith, Austin; Bursais, Abdulmalek; Kirkpatrick, Julia; Taylor, Justin; and Gentles, Jeremy A.. 2018. TrainingLoads of a Division I Conference Volleyball Tournament. Poster Presentation. ETSU Coaching and Sport Science College Proceedings,Johnson City, TN. https://www.sportscienceed.com/uploads/3/7/7/7/37770279/coniglio_-_coaches_college_-_abstract__final_.pdfTraining Loads of a Division I Conference Volleyball TournamentCopyright StatementThe document was originally published in the Coaches and Sport Science College Conference Proceedings atEast Tennessee State University.Creator(s)Christine L. Coniglio, Austin Smith, Abdulmalek Bursais, Julia Kirkpatrick, Justin Taylor, and Jeremy A.GentlesThis presentation is available at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University: https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/583213th Annual Coaching and Sport Science College    November 30th – December 1st, 2018   TRAINING LOADS OF A DIVISION I CONFERENCE VOLLEYBALL TOURNAMENT Christine L. Coniglio1, Austin Smith1, Abdulmalek Bursais1, Julia Kirkpatrick1, Justin Taylor1, Jeremy Gentles1 1Center of Excellence of Sport Science and Coach Education, Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA INTRODUCTION: Volleyball is predominantly an anaerobic sport that requires short repeat bouts of high intensity activity such as jumping, bounding, and quick changes of direction, followed by periods of low intensity activity, such as walking and standing (Gabbet, 2007).  Current research using wearable technology has been used for jump quantification and movement assessment for injury prevention (Sanders, 2018), while little work, if any, has been done assessing mechanical training loads in a multigame conference tournament.  Additionally, many sports have used microsensors to help quantify training loads, there are very few studies that investigate the demands of women’s Division I (DI) volleyball. The purpose of this study was to assess training loads of a division I women’s volleyball conference tournament using triaxial accelerometers.  This study also examined differences between player specific positions, and single match vs. combined match training loads.   METHODS Subjects: 10 female volleyball players (19.6±1.1y,76.5±7.5 cm, 69.1±8.6 kg) participated in the study. Athletes were members of a DI NCAA collegiate volleyball team. Subject court position included outside hitter (outside: n=4), middle blocker (middle: n=2), setter (n=2), defensive specialist (DS: n=1), and libero (n=1). Each athlete was assigned a ZephyrTM BioHarness unit (BH; Zephyr Technology Corporation, Annapolis, MD) during preseason training and was familiarized with how to wear and operate the device. Each BH included a Biomodule (version 3) and strap. Athletes were equipped with a BH that was worn during competition. The BH was placed at the level of the xyphoid process and the Biomodule was positioned on the midaxillary line. The Biomodule contains a triaxial accelerometer which samples at 100 Hz. BH data was downloaded to and analyzed with OmniSenseTM Analysis (version 4.1.4; Zephyr Technology Corporation, Annapolis, MD). This investigation was approved by the University’s Institutional Review Board and all participants completed and signed approved informed consent documentation.  Match Time: A total of three best of five-set matches were played over the course of a three-day period, single elimination tournament. Matches included all sets for each match played, not including pre-game warm-up. All three matches went three sets. Total impulse load (IL) and impulse load by event (walking, running, intense running, jumping/bounding, other) was collected with triaxial accelerometer. Impulse load is a measure of training load and is equal to the sum of areas under the three-axis accelerometry curves for all detected events.  Accelerometry: Bioharness validity and reliability has been demonstrated during a number of different tasks. Very strong relationships have been seen between oxygen uptake and accelerometry (r = 0.97) and step counts (r = 0.99) (Johnstone, 2012a). High intra-device reliability (ICC ≥ 0.99) (Johnstone,2012a) and inter-device reliability (ICC = 0.93) have been reported (Johnstone, 2012c).  13th Annual Coaching and Sport Science College    November 30th – December 1st, 2018   Gravitational forces (1 g = 9.81 m/s2) were recorded to describe acceleration data collected from BH. Total training loads for match play were expressed as Impulse load (IL). Impulse load is the accumulated training load equal to the sum of areas under the 3-axis accelerometry curves and expressed as N*s. Impulse load only includes detected locomotor events (e.g., walking, running, jumping) and impacts. Mean IL were calculated for all 3 conference tournament matches. The formula for IL is displayed below where x = g forces in the medio-lateral (“side-to-side”) plane, y = g forces in the anterio-posterior (“forwards and backwards”) plane, z = g forces in the vertical (“up and down”) plane.  𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒	𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 	./𝑥12 + 𝑦12 + 𝑧129.8067<1=>   Statistical Analysis: All data is presented as means, standard deviations using Microsoft Excel (Version 2016, Redmond, WA, USA).  Table 1. Impulse load per match per position Player Impulse Load (N×s) Outside I 13,067 ± 504 Outside II  12,887 ± 448 Outside III  16,623 ± 729 Outside IV 19,475 ± 1,354 Setter I 13,664 ± 523 Setter II 10,651 ± 85 Middle I 12,551 ± 1,371 Middle II 8,360 ± 2,282 Defensive Specialist    6,122 ±1,972  Libero 20,025 ± 938 *All data are represented by means and standard deviations  RESULTS: The match mean by player 13,365.02±4,448.10 IL. The tournament mean by player was 40,095.07±13,464.32 IL.  Table 1 displays means and standard deviations for match for IL for each individual player. Table 2 provides mean match IL by position, mean match IL by position for each event type, percent contribution for event types by position and mean tournament IL. DISCUSSION: This study presents training loads associated with volleyball tournament play. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the training loads of a collegiate volleyball conference tournament. Impulse Load can used as a measure of total training load (Coniglio 2017). Relative contribution to IL from various locomotor event types differs based upon athlete position. For instance, a larger percentage of a libero’s training load consists of running when compared to an outside hitter. However, a larger percentage of training load for an outside hitter consists of jumping and bounding compared to a libero. Additionally, due to higher average playing time, the libero accumulates the highest training loads resulting from longer playing times.   13th Annual Coaching and Sport Science College    November 30th – December 1st, 2018   The use of accelerometry derived training loads may allow coaching staff to better measure the demands of each position, which may be difficult to quantify otherwise. For instance, from practical experience, coaches may assume outside hitters accumulate higher training loads than other positions due to their visibility on court, scoring responsibilities and explosive actions near the net. However, this research demonstrates that training loads may be high across all or most positions but the relative contribution from locomotor event types will differ depending across positions. Using IL allows for quantification of different event types that can contribute to training loads and possible fatigue during match-play.  Table 2. Mean impulse load by position and event type during match and tournament play Locomotion Position Match IL (N×s) Percent Tournament IL (N×s) Total IL Outside 15,513 ± 2,940 NA 46,538 ± 9,456 Setter 12,157 ± 1,684 NA 36472 ± 6,391 DS 6,122 ± 1,972 NA 18,367 ± 0 Middle 10,456 ± 2,847 NA 31,367 ± 8,889 Libero 20,251 ± 938 NA 60,752 ± 0 Walk Outside 8,006 ± 160 51.6% 24,019 ± 2,126 Setter 6,050 ± 1,280 49.8% 18,150 ± 4,915 DS 1,910 ± 545 31.2% 5,731 ± 0 Middle 6,042 ± 599 57.8% 18,125 ± 1,832 Libero 9,611 ± 572 47.5% 28,832 ± 0 Run Outside 3,964 ± 1,164 25.6% 11,892 ± 3,745 Setter 3,852 ± 698 31.7% 11,557 ± 2,663 DS 604 ± 224 9.9% 1,813 ± 0 Middle 2,079 ± 1,077 19.9% 6,238 ± 3,138 Libero 7,816 ± 223 38.6% 23,448 ± 0 Sprint Outside 140 ± 44 0.9% 420 ± 133 Setter 125 ± 81 1.0% 374 ± 207 DS 26 ± 0 0.4% 26 ± 0 Middle 106 ± 84 1.0% 317 ± 6 Libero 235 ± 80 1.2% 705 ± 0 Jumping and Bounding Outside 702 ± 236 4.5% 2,107 ± 747 Setter 667 ± 197 5.5% 2,000 ± 603 DS 34 ± 13 0.6% 101 ± 0 Middle 593 ± 379 5.7% 1,778 ± 1181 Libero 797 ± 109 3.9% 2391 ± 0 Other Outside 2,700 ± 1,887 17.4% 8100 ± 6,227 Setter 1,464 ± 544 12.0% 4,391 ± 1,997 DS 3,565 ± 1,224 58.2% 10,696 ± 0 Middle 1,636 ± 996 15.6% 4,909 ± 2,733 Libero 1,792 ± 242 8.8% 5,376 ± 0 *Match and tournament impulse load (IL) data are represented by means and standard deviations. Percentages represent relative contributions for event types.  IL= Impulse Load, DS= Defensive Specialist.     13th Annual Coaching and Sport Science College    November 30th – December 1st, 2018   REFERENCES  Barnes, J. L., Schilling, B. K., Falvo, M. J., Weiss, L. W., Creasy, A. K., & Fry, A. C. (2007). Relationship of jumping and agility performance in female volleyball athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1192. Coniglio, C. L., Travis, K., & Gentles, J. A. The relationship between accelerometry and total distance measured with GPS in women’s college soccer. 12th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College, Johnson City, TN, December 1-2.  Gabbett, T., & Georgieff, B. (2007). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of Australian junior national, state, and novice volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 90. Gescheit, D. T., Cormack, S. J., Reid, M., & Duffield, R. (2015). Consecutive days of prolonged tennis match play: performance, physical, and perceptual responses in trained players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(7), 913-920. Johnstone, J. A., Ford, P. A., Hughes, G., Watson, T., & Garrett, A. T. (2012). BioHarness™  multivariable monitoring device: part. I: validity. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(3), 400. Johnstone, J. A., Ford, P. A., Hughes, G., Watson, T., & Garrett, A. T. (2012). Bioharness™ multivariable monitoring device: part. II: reliability. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(3), 409. Johnstone, J. A., Ford, P. A., Hughes, G., Watson, T., Mitchell, A. C., & Garrett, A. T. (2012). Field based reliability and validity of the bioharness™ multivariable monitoring device. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(4), 643.  Sanders, G. J., Boos, B., Shipley, F., Scheadler, C. M., & Peacock, C. A. (2018). An Accelerometer-Based Training Load Analysis to Assess Volleyball Performance. Journal of Exercise and Nutrition, 1, 1-4.  Sheppard, J. M., Gabbett, T. J., & Stanganelli, L. C. R. (2009). An analysis of playing positions in elite men's volleyball: considerations for competition demands and physiologic characteristics. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1858-1866.   

Training Loads of a Division I Conference Volleyball Tournament

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Training Loads of a Division I Conference Volleyball Tournament

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