These data are the results from the second year of protein analyses of corn hybrids grown at three locations in the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test. These analyses were supported. by a grant from the Kentucky Corn Growers Association

Collins, Michael

Evans, K. O.

Liptrap, D. O.

Poneleit, C. G.

English

University of Kentucky

University of KentuckyUKnowledgeAgronomy Notes Plant and Soil Sciences2-1993Hybrid Variation for Yield, Crude Protein, FeedValue and Percent Lysine of Corn Grown in the1991 Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance TestC. G. PoneleitUniversity of KentuckyK. O. EvansUniversity of KentuckyMichael CollinsUniversity of KentuckyD. O. LiptrapUniversity of KentuckyRight click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits you.Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_notesPart of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in AgronomyNotes by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu.Repository CitationPoneleit, C. G.; Evans, K. O.; Collins, Michael; and Liptrap, D. O., "Hybrid Variation for Yield, Crude Protein, Feed Value and PercentLysine of Corn Grown in the 1991 Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test" (1993). Agronomy Notes. 57.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_notes/57iUNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKYCOLLEGE OF AGRICULTURELexington. Kentucky 40546COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICEVolume 26, No. 1 February 1993Hybrid Variation for Yield, Crude Protein, Feed Value and PercentLysine of.Corn Grown in the 1991 Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance TestC. G. Poneleit, K. O. Evans, M. Collins, and D. O. LiptrapThese data are the results fromthe second year of protein analysesof corn hybri ds grown at threelocations in the Kentucky Hybrid CornPerformance Test. These analyseswere supported. by a grant from theKentucky Corn Growers Association.The value of corn as a feedgrain depends on the yield per acre,the protein content of the grain, andfor some livestock, the lysine levelof the protein. Most farmers areaware of yield differences among cornhybrids but may not realize thatprotein content can also varysignificantly. Grain protein levelshoul d be accounted for to determi nehow much protein supplementation willbe needed to balance an appropri ateanimal diet. However, since cornprotein is deficient in the aminoacid lysine, which is essential fornon -rumi nant ani rna1s, 1ys i ne contentas well as crude protein contentshould be considered in dietformulations for these animals.Comparative yield performanceof corn hybridss sold in Kentucky areavailable in Ky Agric.1 Professor, Research Specialist, andProfessor, Dept. of Agronomy, andformer Extension Professor,Department of Animal Sciences,University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40546.Exp. Sta. Prog. Rep. No. 336,Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test- 1991. Crude protein contents ofthese same hybrids are available inthis report. To make these datauseful as a hybrid selection aid, therelative amount and cost ofproduction of a 16% protein base dietwas calculated. Lysine levels area1so presented and a fi na1 dec is ionabout feed val ue, of the corn hybri dfor swi ne or poultry di ets wi 11 beaided by use of the lysine analyses.This information will provide·comparative data from which to choose/ a corn hybri d(s) for most economi ca1/ feed production.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn 1991, commercially availablecorn hybrids were evaluated at three1ocat ions in Kentucky: Benton,Lexi ngton, and Shelbyvi 11 e. Bentonand She1byvill e were pl anted no"t illinto a soybean residue whileLexington was planted in a seedbedprepared by conventional tillage.Nitrogen fertilization was 150 lb/ACat Benton and LeXington and 200 lb/ACat Shelbyville. All areas weretreated with recommended herbicidesand insecticides. The hybrids wereplanted on April 17 (Shelbyville),April 25 (Benton), and May 3(Lexington) in 11 X 12 rectangul arEducationsl programs of the Kentucky COOPSfsliv8 Extension Service SfJfVfJ all people regardless of raC9, c%r, egs, sex, reflglon, hand/csp, or national origin.UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, KENTUCKY STATE UNIVERSITY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGAICULlURE, AND KENTUCKY COUNTIES, COOPERATINGlattice designs with threereplications at each location. Finalstands were between 20,000 and 22,000plants per acre. Additional detailsof crop management can be obtained inKy. Agric. Exp. Sta. Progress Report336 (Poneleit and Evans, 1991).At harvest, about 250 grams ofgrain from each plot were collectedfor protein analysis. Proteincontent was determi ned by dup1icatemicro Kjeldahl analyses (Bradstreet,1965). Protein content wascalculated as percent total Nmultiplied by 6.25. All protein andyield data were adjusted to reflectgrain at 15.5% harvest moisture.Lysine content was determined by adye binding method. Both protein andlysine analyses were done by ChemicalService Laboratory of Louisville, KY.Feed value was evaluated bycalculation of the quantity of a 16%protein base diet (BD) produced peracre (T/AC) and cost per ton ($/T) ofthe base 'diet considering per acrecorn yield and production cost aswe11 as protei n supplement cost. A16% base diet was chosen since thisprotein level is commonly used forswine and dairy cattle. It is to beused only as a reference since othercategori es of livestock may requ i re /"different levels of protein in theirdiets.Amount (T/AC) and cost of the16% protein base diet per ton ($/T)were calculated using the acre yieldof corn grain, corn production costsof $200.00 per acre, and cost of 40%protein supplement as $230.00 perton. The amount of BD per acre wascalculated as the tons of corn grainper acre plus the amount of 40%soybean protein supplement needed tomake 16% BD (i.e. 100 BU/AC corn with9.0% protein will require 0.813 tonsof 40% soybean protein supplement tomake 3.6 tons of BD per acre at acost of $107.49 per ton). Thenecessary formulae for thesecalculations are:BD(T/AC)=(BU/ACX56/2000)/(24/40-C~I.),BD($/T)=(200/BDT/AC) +{[(16-CP%)/(40-CP%)]X230)whereBD = Base DietBU/AC=Bushels of corn per acreobtai ned from "Kentucky HybridCorn Performance Test - 1991",Prog. Rep. 336 (Poneleit andEvans, 1991).pounds of corn per bushel = 56,pounds per ton = 2000,corn grain protein percent = CP%,corn grain needed per ton BD=24/40-CP%,' ,dollars per acre for corn. production = $200.00,protein supplement needed per tonBD = 16-CP% / 40-CP%,anddollars per'ton of proteinsupplement = $230.00.Livestock producers should bemost interested in the cost/ton ofBase Di et. Compari sons of $/Testimates among hybrids provides anevaluation of the relative feed costsas influenced b~th by grain yield andprotein content. Tons of base dietare important in calculating thenumber of acres required to produce agi ven quant ity of feed or to est imatethe number of tons of feed whichcould be manufactured from' a givennumber of acres.The cost per ton of base diet,of course, wi 11 vary with cornproduction cost per acre and cost ofprotein supplement per ton.Producers may wish to recalculate thecost per ton of base diet forselected varieties using their owncorn production and proteinsupplement costs.",RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONGrain Yield and Crude Protein ContentSignificant differences werefound among the corn hybrids for bothgrain yield and grain crude proteinpercent at each 1ocat ion (data notshown) and for the combined data(Table I). For the average of threelocations, grain yield ranged from98.5 to 150.2 BU/AC. Crude proteincontent ranged from 7.2 to 9.2%. Thewide ranges of grain yield (51.7BU/AC) as we11 as the wi dedifferences in crude protein content(2.0%) suggest that choice of cornhybrid can have a significant effecton feed value of the hybrid.Statistically significant variationsamong corn hybrids (differencesgreater than the LSD), indicate thatthere are real genetic differencesamong hybrids for crude protei ncontent. Significant tests forenvironments and the hybrid Xenvironment interaction were foundand indicate that some corn hybridsperform differently at one site thananother although hybrids with high orlow gra in yi e1d or protei n contentusually tended to be either high orlow at each 1ocat ion. An extens iveanalysis of hybrid X environmentinteraction will be presented in alater publication.The correlation between proteincontent and grain yield wasstatistically significant but low(r = - 0.26). Therefore it should bepossible to choose a hybrid withboth high grain yield and highprotein content.Lysine contentLysine analyses were done on asingl e sample from each 1ocat ion.The sample was a composite of thethree replications. Since,replications were not analyzed,statistical analyses could not bedone. However, for the threelocation average, the range of lysinepercent was from 2.2% to 3.2%, whichis almost a 50% increase from onehybrid extreme to . the oppositeextreme value. Percent lysine wassignificantly correlated with percentprotei n (r=O. 73) and, at that IeveIof association, should increase ordecrease very simi! arly to increasesor decreases in protein content.Percent lysine was correlatedsignificantly with yield (r=-0.26),to the same magnitude as percentprotein. These data suggest thatpercent protein and percent lysinevary in the same manner andmagnitude.Tons Per Acre and Cost of Base DietSignificant differences forboth 16% protei n base diet producedper acre (T/AC) and cost of 16%protein base diet per ton ($/T) werealso found among corn hybrids at eachI ocat i on and for the combi ned data(Table 1). Amount of BO for thethree location average ranged from3.6 to 5.5 T/A. Cost per ton rangedfrom 91. 1 to 134.9 $/T. There aI sowere significant interactions of/hybrids X environments for T/AC and$/T.Both T/AC and $/T resul t fromthe combined effects of grain yieldand grain protein percent of the cornhybrids. T/AC will increase as grainyield increases, with fixed proteincontent, whereas $/T would bereduced.Both T/AC and $/T would beslightly reduced as protein percentincreases assuming that grain yieldremained constant. Since bothquantity of feed produced and costper unit of feed are importanteconomic considerations, the choiceof hybrid to use for feed productionshould be made using both yield andpercent protein data.REFERENCESB. 1965. Thefor OrganicPress Inc. NewPri nted in theCONCLUSIONSLarge and statisticallysignificant variations were foundamong corn. hybrids for grain yieldand crude protei n percent. Althoughthe data and analyses are not shown,hybrids responded differently to theenvironmental effects of test1ocat ions for both gra in yi e1d andprotein percent. Expandedevaluations of the hybrid xenvironment interactions will bepresented in a later publication.The correlation between grain yieldand protein was near zero andindicated that high grain yield andhigh protein percent can occurtogether. Vari at i on of as much as50% was observed among hybri ds forpercent lysine.Variations of grain yield andcrude protein content resulted insignificantly different BD production(T/AC) and cost ($/T) for differentcorn hybri ds. The 1arge di fferencesof BD amount and cost among cornhybrids indicate that the choice ofhybri d corn seed for feed gra inproduct i on may i nfl uence economi creturns in an animal feedingoperation. Our results indicate thatincreasing grain yield would increase //BD quantity and decrease BD unit costwhile increasing protein contentwould decrease both BD quantity andcost. However, in some cases, alower yielding hybrid with highprotei n content may be the bestselection.Although these data i ncl udeevaluations from hybrids grown atthree distinct locations in Kentucky,additional location and yearenvi ronments woul d provi de increasedassurance that the observed hybriddifferences are val id. Similarmeasures of grain yield, crudeprotein content, and lysine contentwith computation of BD amount andcost were made in 1989 and 1990 andwi 11 be made for 1992 samples.Following the completed analysis of1992 data, a combined. analyses ofdata from all three years will bepresented.1. Bradstreet, R.Kjeldahl MethodsNitrogen. AcademicYork and London.U.S.A.2. Marten, G. C., J. S. Shenk, andF. E. Barton II (ed.). 1985. NearInfrared ReflectanceSpectroscopy(NIRS): Analysi s ofForage Quality. USDA Agric. Handb.643. U.S. Gov. Print. Office,Washington, D. C.3. Poneleit, C. G., and K. O. Evans.1991. Kentucky Hybrid CornPerformance TestF l991. Univ. of KY,Agric. Exp. Sta., University ofKentucky. Progress Report 336.Table 1. Average Grain Yield(BU/AC), Grain Protein Content(P%),16% Protein Base Diet(T/AC), Cost of Base Diet(S/T), and PercentLysine (LYS%) for 132 Corn Hybrids Grown at Three Locations,Benton, Lexington, and Shelbyville, of the Kentucky Hybrid CornPerformance Test-1991. All values are adjusted to 15.5% moisture.NAME P% BU/AC T/A SIT LYS%ADLERS 6130 B.6 121.3 4.5 102.6 0.30ADLERS 7905 B.O 132.7 5.0 102.1 0.27AGRATECH 6610 8.5 111.4 4.1 105.1 0.28AGRATECH 6640 8.2 106.4 4.0 113.B 0.26AGRATECH 6902 B.B 114.2 4.2 134.9 0.32AGRATECH 757 B.6 99.7 3.7 125.B 0.30AGRATECH 787 8.9 114.3 4.2 116.5 0.32AGRATECH B25 B.7 115.8 4.. 2 104.B 0.32AGRI GOLD A-6715 8.5 116.7 4.4 117.9 0.2BAGRIGOLD A-6690 8.2 130.3 4.9 105.2 0.27AGRIGOLD A-6720 8.5 115.8 4.3 106.8 0.30AGRIGOLD A-6796W 9.2 107.9 3.9 115.5 0.32ASGROW RX811 8.8 126.7 4.6 99.7 0.29ASGROW RX899 8.6 109.1 4.0 122.8 0.28ASGROW RX908 8.7 133.6 4.9 97.5 0.27ASGROW RX919 7.7 134.6 5.1 101. 5 0.24ASGROW RX947 8.2 131. 5 4.9 101. 5 0.29ASGROW RX956W 9.1 100.3 3.7 119.1 0.30BALDRIDGE BH-575 8.8 107.8 4.0 117.9 0.30BECK'S 68X 8.9 128.1 4.6 98.6 0.30BECK'S 72X 7.9 136.1 5.1 100.9 0.27'BECK'S 81X 8.4 111.2 4.1 113.6 0.28BO-JAC 6295 8.4 129.5 4.8 103.6 0.2880-JAC 905 8.3 119.7 4.4 106.0 0.25BO-JAC 9250 8.6 146.3 5-.4 93.9 0.28CALLAHAN C775 8.6 108.1 '4.0 114.5 0.26CALLAHAN C776 8.3 121.9 4.5 104.4 0.26CALLAHAN C783 8.0 116.3 4.4 119.1 0.28CARGILL 7997 7.9 145.3 5.5 96.7 0.26CARGILL 8427 8.2 134.2 5.0 98.6 0.27CARGILL 9027 7.8 116.0 4.4 108.0 0.26CARGILL 9400W 9.2 106.0 3.8 110.1 0.28CAVERNDALE FM. CF925 8.6 110.2 4.0 106.2 0.30CAVERNDALE FM. CF950 8.8 117.0 4.3 108.9 0.29CAVERNDALE FM. CF975 8.9 116.4 4.3 104.5 0.28COLBERT 230 8.2 115.2 4.3 107.4 0.27COLBERT 318 8.4 107.8 4.0 112.5 0.27COLBERT 324 8.4 124.7 4.6 104.6 0.27COLBERT 326 8.4 132.0 4.9 103.0 0.26CRaW'S 669 8.7 115.8 4.2 106.6 0.27CRaW'S 670 9.1 123.2 4.5 103.8 0.28CRaW'S 682 8.0 130.1 4.9 103.2 0.26CROW'S 688 8.5 120.7 4.4 100.8 0.27DEKALB DK643 8.5 135.8 5.0 100.7 0.28Table 1. ContinuedNAME P% BUIAC TIA $/T LYS%DEKALB DK677 8.2 126.8 4.7 104.4 0.29DEKALB DK689 8.4 122.6 4.5 106.2 0.27DEKALB DK703W 8.5 101.0 3.7 113.9 0.28DEKALB DK715 8.7 125.4 4.7 114.7 0.31DEKALB DK743 8.5 150.2 5.5 93.3 0.26FR27 X LH38 8.6 99.5 3.7 123.1 0.30FR27 X M017 8.4 112.4 4.2 111.4 0.26FR27 X PA91 8.5 119.1 4.4 103.3 0.29FUNK'S G-4631 8.5 124.5 4.6 100.5 0.29FUNK'S G-4651 8.4 127.0 4.7 100.0 0.28FUNK'S G-4666 8.3 113.3 4.2 116.6 0.28FUNK'S G-4671 8.5 126.2 4.7 103.0 0.30GARST SEED 8105 8.2 116.4 4.4 120.7 0.27GARST SEED 8250 8.5 139.3 5.1 97.0 0.27GARST SEED 8315 8.3 127.0 4:8 116.0 0.28GARST SEED 8316 9.2 124.8 4.5 101.8 0.32GARST SEED SC-W700 9.2 98.5 3.6 121.8 0.31GARST SEED SC-W707 8.6 119.2 4.4 113.7 0.26GLICK SEED GH760 8.8 110.0 4.0 108.9 0.32GLICK SEED GH796 8.8 116.5 4.3 103.4 0.31GLICK SEED GH801 8.4 120.9 4.5 110.3 0.28GLICK SEED GH82X 8.4 118.4 4.4 107.4 0.27HUBNER SEED H3318 8.6 121. 4 4.5 133.1 0.28HUBNER SEED H3715 8.6 128.9 4.7 97.6 0.28HUBNER SEED H3717 8.2 124.6 4.6 101.3 0.26HUBNER SEED H8819~ 9.1 119.3 4.3 100.7 0.29HYPERFORMER HS 9704 8.7 105.3 3.9 112.8 0.27HYPERFORMER HS97 8.6 105.0 3.9 112.6 0.29HYPERFORMER HS9773 8.4 123.5 A.6 101. 4 0.26JACQUES 7970 9.1 122.2 /4.4 103.4 0.31JACQUES 8210 8.3 132.0 4.9 97.4 0.26JACQUES 8410 8.9 105.3 3.9 131. 6 0.30MCCURDY 7,400 9.0 145.2 5.3 91.1 0.29MCCURDY 7477 8.4 119.3 4.4 102.9 0.27MCCURDY 7777 8.0 138.3 5.2 98.7 0.23NOBLE BEAR NB 739W 8.1 120.8 4.5 103.6 0.26NOBLE BEAR NB 747W 8.9 121. 6 4.4 100.7 0.31NOBLEBEAR NBX720W 8.8 114.1 4.2 109.6 0.28NORTHRUP-KING N7816 8.3 125.3 4.7 107.8 0.26NORTHRUP-KING N8318 7.8 114.9 4.4 130.7 0.26NORTHRUP-KING N8565W 8.8 111.2 4.1 ~126.0 0.30NORTHRUP-KING N8727 8.7 132.5 4.9 102.1 0.30NORTHRUP-KING PX9540 8.3 123.1 4.6 101.4 0.28NORTHRUP-KING S8505 8.9 136.3 5.0 95.1 0.28PIONEER BRAND 3140 7.5 132.7 5.0 102.7 0.24PIONEER BRAND 3142 8.2 114.5 4.3 113.2 0.24PIONEER BRAND 3144W 8.8 112.6 4.1 109.7 0.29PIONEER BRAND 3154 7.8 138.4 5.2 102.9 0.25Table L ContinuedNAME P% BU/AC T/A $/T LYS%PIONEER BRAND 3165 7.2 126.3 4.9 108.1 0.22PIONEER BRAND 3180 8.1 128.2 4.8 105.0 0.25PIONEER BRAND 3245 8.4' 123.0 4.5 102.1 0.27PIONEER BRAND 3281W 8.7 126.2 4.6 104.0 0.27PIONEER BRAND 3295 8.3 126.1 4.7 102.3 0.26PIONEER BRAND 3394 8.0 124.1 4.6 106.3 0.25PRAIRIE STREAM SX565 7.9 115.0 4.3 108.6 0.26PRAIRIE STREAM SX702 8.2 127.6 4.8 102.7 0.27SCOTT SEED LR 3347 8.2 115.0 4.3 107.2 0.28SCOTT SEED LR 3359 B.4 126.1 4.7 102.2 0.28SCOTT SEED LR3350 8.2 107.7 4.0 109.8 0.27SCOTT SEED LR524'1 8.4 122.0 4.5 103.3 0.28SO. CROSS 411 8.3 107.0 4.0 109.7 0.26SO. CROSS 511 8.9 llLO 4.0 106.9 0.28SO. CROSS 611 8.3 117.6 4.4 103.7 0.27SO. CROSS 711 9.0 12L6 4.4 100.9 0.31SO. STATES SS790' 8.6 109.4 4.0 106.4 0.29SO. STATES SS793 8.3 127.4 4.7 102.3 0.28SO. STATES SS812 8.4 llLO 4.2 112.6 0.26SO. STATES SS917W 9.2 112.7 4.1 119.6 0.28STEWART HYBRIDS S-8815 8.5 12L5 4.5 llL8 0.28STEWART HYBRIDS S-9212 8.1 116.4 4.3 105.3 0.25STEWART HYBRIDS S-9213 8.4 130.5 4.9 110.0 0.26STINE 1091 8.1 123.0 4.6 104.4 0.26STINE 1161 8.6 110.6 4.1 118.1 0.29STINE 1181 8.5 101.9 3.8 122.2 0.27STINE 1225 8.3 108.2 4.0 125.6 0.27TERRA SEEDS TR1170 8.6 113.8 A.2 106.3 0.30TERRA SEEDS TRl180 8.3 118.6 ,/ 4.4 104.8 0.27TERRA SEEDS TRl190 8.4 122.9 4.6 107.3 0.26TERRA SEEDS TR3400 8.0 114.8 4.3 107.8 0.28UAP DYNA-GRO 5561 8.4 123.1 4.6 105.6 0.26UAP DYNA-GRO 5655 8.6 123.0 4.5 107.8 0.29UAP DYNA-GRO 5671 8.5 116.4 4.3 104.0 0.28VINEYARD SEED V-58W 8.5 111.2 4.1 117.3 0.25VINEYARD SEED V-68W 8.9 123.8 4.5 102.5 0.30ZIMMERMAN Z16W 8.5 103.8 3.8 118.1 0.28ZIMMERMAN Z27 8.3 132.5 4.9 100.9 0.30ZIMMERMAN Z61W 8.6 118.8 4.4 114.8 0.28ZIMMERMAN Z63W 8.4 126.7 4.7 107.6 0.26Average 8.5 120.2 4.4 107.9 0.28LSD (0.10) 0.4 16.2 0.7 14.8

Hybrid Variation for Yield, Crude Protein, Feed Value and Percent Lysine of Corn Grown in the 1991 Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test

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Hybrid Variation for Yield, Crude Protein, Feed Value and Percent Lysine of Corn Grown in the 1991 Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test

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