Skin microbiome of terrestrial and marine vertebrates

Abstract

Mikrobiološke zajednice kože sastavni su dio mikrobioma kralježnjaka, te uključuju brojne vrste bakterija, arheja, gljivica i virusa. Proučavanje raznolikosti mikrobioma kože je esencijalno za razumijevanje interakcija domaćina i njegove mikrobiote. Najviše istraživanja provedeno je na mikrobiomima ljudi, kućnih ljubimaca, domaćih životinja i vodozemaca, koji su podložni raznim kožnim bolestima, dok je manje istraživanja provedeno na pticama, gmazovima, ribama. U ovom seminaru dan je pregled novih spoznaja i istraživanja vezanih uz mikrobiom kože kopnenih i morskih kralježnjaka uz korištenje metoda sekvenciranja visoke propusnosti. Istraživanja su ispitala utjecaj različitih čimbenika poput vrste domaćina, geografske lokacije i spola jedinki na mikrobiom kože. Raznolikost kralježnjaka i njihove fiziologije kože je velika, ali usprkos tome, kod svih se uočava utjecaj vrste domaćina na sastav mikrobnih zajednica. Primijećene su promjene u mikrobiomu ljudi i životinja u zatočeništvu zbog promjene u njihovom načinu života. Kožne bolesti su sve češće i opasnije, pa je sukladno tome više istraživanja posvećeno njima i načinima liječenja.Microbial communities on the skin are an integral part of vertebrate microbiome and include numerous species of bacteria, archea, fungi and viruses. Study of skin microbiome diversity is essential for understanding interactions between host and its microbiome. Majority of research has been made on humans, house animals, domestic animals and amphibians, which are prone to diseases while minor part includes birds, reptiles and fish. This seminar includes a review of new insights and research into microbiomes of terrestrial and marine vertebrates that used high throughput sequencing as the main study method. Factors that affect skin microbiome were examined, such as host species, geographical location and biological sex. There is a great diversity of vertebrates and their skin physiology, but despite that, influence of host species on microbiome can be seen everywhere. Changes were noticed in microbiome of humans and caged animals because of the changed lifestyle. Skin deseases are becoming more frequent, so more research has been made on that topic. Also, there is more research on curing these diseases and ones of the most promising cures are skin probiotics