Groundwater runoff in elementary catchments in the Bieszczady Mountains

Abstract

Groundwater recharge is crucial for river flow during dry periods. However, due to low retention capacity of rocks and quick surface flow, groundwater resources in flysch areas such as the Bieszczady Mountains are considered to be quite low. The aim of the study was (1) to identify spatial distribution of specific runoff during dry periods in small catchments in the Bieszczady Mountains and (2) to define relations between catchment characteristics and runoff. Four datasets consisting of specific runoff during low flow periods in selected catchments of the Bieszczady Mountains were used in this study. Data collected during dry periods allowed to identify total river flow with groundwater recharge. Specific runoff varied substantially in the studied catchments (from 0.9 to 7.7 dm^{3}·s^{-1}·km^{-2}). The highest specific runoff values were obtained in catchments with steep slopes, a high altitude range and prevalence of sandstone formations. However, there is no correlation between specific runoff and catchment area and mean catchment elevation

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