Uvod: Zdravstvena istraživanja važna su za poboljšanje zdravlja, kvalitete i zadovoljstva pacijenata. Iako je došlo do značajnog napretka u području zdravstvenih istraživanja, medicinske sestre još uvijek ne provode znanstveno-istraživački rad koliko liječnici. Kako bi se sestrinstvo poboljšalo kao disciplina, važno je da medicinske sestre provode istraživanja koja se temelje na dokazima i koja imaju potencijal za dobrobit pacijenata. 
Cilj: Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je procijeniti percepcije medicinskih sestara o znanstveno-istraživačkom radu u sestrinstvu. 
Metode: Provedeno je poprečno istraživanje. Podaci su prikupljeni online upitnikom. Istraživanje je provedeno među medicinskim sestrama u Hrvatskoj. 
Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 130 medicinskih sestara. 86,2% su žene i 13,8% muškarci. 85,6% medicinskih sestara smatra da je znanstveni rad u sestrinstvu važan, 72,1% nikada nije napisalo istraživački rad i 88,5% ima želju za znanstvenim istraživanjima koja bi mogla poboljšati sestrinsku praksu. Većina sudionika (64,3%) smatra da je znanstveno-istraživački rad u sestrinstvu važan za poboljšanje osobnog zadovoljstva. 
Zaključak: Medicinske sestre su svjesne važnosti znanstveno-istraživačkog rada, ali većina njih ne provodi nikakva istraživanja. Potencijalne prepreke su preopterećenost poslom, vremenski deficit i nedostatak interesa. Važno je motivirati medicinske sestre da obavljaju istraživački rad, jer istraživanja mogu pomoći medicinskim sestrama da odgovore na promjene u zdravstvenom sustavu i poboljšaju njegu pacijenata

Leona Cilar

Marija Spevan

Croatian

Uvod: Zdravstvena istraživanja važna su za poboljšanje zdravlja, kvalitete i zadovoljstva pacijenata. Iako je došlo do značajnog napretka u području zdravstvenih istraživanja, medicinske sestre još uvijek ne provode znanstveno-istraživački rad koliko liječnici. Kako bi se sestrinstvo poboljšalo kao disciplina, važno je da medicinske sestre provode istraživanja koja se temelje na dokazima i koja imaju potencijal za dobrobit pacijenata. Cilj: Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je procijeniti percepcije medicinskih sestara o znanstveno-istraživačkom radu u sestrinstvu. Metode: Provedeno je poprečno istraživanje. Podaci su prikupljeni online upitnikom. Istraživanje je provedeno među medicinskim sestrama u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 130 medicinskih sestara. 86, 2% su žene i 13, 8% muškarci. 85, 6% medicinskih sestara smatra da je znanstveni rad u sestrinstvu važan, 72, 1% nikada nije napisalo istraživački rad i 88, 5% ima želju za znanstvenim istraživanjima koja bi mogla poboljšati sestrinsku praksu. Većina sudionika (64, 3%) smatra da je znanstveno- istraživački rad u sestrinstvu važan za poboljšanje osobnog zadovoljstva. Zaključak: Medicinske sestre su svjesne važnosti znanstveno-istraživačkog rada, ali većina njih ne provodi nikakva istraživanja. Potencijalne prepreke su preopterećenost poslom, vremenski deficit i nedostatak interesa. Važno je motivirati medicinske sestre da obavljaju istraživački rad, jer istraživanja mogu pomoći medicinskim sestrama da odgovore na promjene u zdravstvenom sustavu i poboljšaju njegu pacijenata

Spevan, Marija

Cilar, Leona

Repository of the University of Rijeka

Znanstveno istraživački rad u sestrinstvu u Republici Hrvatskoj

Repository of the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies

Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia

  109SG/NJ 2019;24:109-12DOI: 10.11608/sgnj.2019.24.021Znanstveno istraživački rad u sestrinstvu u Republici HrvatskojNursing scientific-research work in CroatiaSpevan Marija1, Cilar Leona2  1Sveučilište u Rijeci, Fakultet zdravstvenih studija, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Hrvatska1University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia2University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia2Sveučilište u Mariboru, Fakultet zdravstvenih studija, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaRESEARCH/ISTRAŽIVANJE PREGLEDNI ČLANAK/REVIEW ARTICLEAu tor za ko res pon den ci ju/Corresponding aut hor: Spevan Marija, Ante Pilepića 1, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia • GSM: +385 91 601 93 80 • E-mail: marija.sp88@gmail.comReceived 9th February 2019;  Accepted at 1st  March 2019;SažetakUvod: Zdravstvena istraživanja važna su za poboljšanje zdravlja, kvalitete i za-dovoljstva pacijenata. Iako je došlo do značajnog napretka u području zdrav-stvenih istraživanja, medicinske sestre još uvijek ne provode znanstveno-istra-živački rad koliko liječnici. Kako bi se sestrinstvo poboljšalo kao disciplina, važno je da medicinske sestre provode istraživanja koja se temelje na dokazima i koja imaju potencijal za dobrobit pacijenata.Cilj: Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je procijeniti percepcije medicinskih sesta-ra o znanstveno-istraživačkom radu u sestrinstvu.Metode: Provedeno je poprečno istraživanje. Podaci su prikupljeni online upit-nikom. Istraživanje je provedeno među medicinskim sestrama u Hrvatskoj.Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 130 medicinskih sestara. 86,2% su žene i 13,8% muškarci. 85,6% medicinskih sestara smatra da je znanstveni rad u sestrinstvu važan, 72,1% nikada nije napisalo istraživački rad i 88,5% ima želju za znanstvenim istraživanjima koja bi mogla poboljšati sestrinsku praksu. Većina sudionika (64,3%) smatra da je znanstveno-istraživački rad u sestrinstvu važan za poboljšanje osobnog zadovoljstva.Zaključak: Medicinske sestre su svjesne važnosti znanstveno-istraživačkog rada, ali većina njih ne provodi nikakva istraživanja. Potencijalne prepreke su preopterećenost poslom, vremenski deficit i nedostatak interesa. Važno je mo-tivirati medicinske sestre da obavljaju istraživački rad, jer istraživanja mogu po-moći medicinskim sestrama da odgovore na promjene u zdravstvenom sustavu i poboljšaju njegu pacijenata.Ključne riječi: Motivacija • zdravstvena njega • znanstveni rad • istraživački radKratki naslov: sestrinstvo i znanstveno publiciranjeAbstractIntroduction: Healthcare research is important to improve patients’ health, quality and satisfaction with care. Although there is a significant improvement in the field of healthcare research, nurses still do not perform research work as much as doctors. To improve nursing as a discipline it is important for nurses to conduct research that is based on evidence and that has potential to benefit to the patients. Aim: The aim of conducted research was to evaluate perceptions of clinical nur-ses about scientific-research work in nursing.Methods: A cross-sectional research was performed. Data were collected using online questionnaire. The research was conducted among clinical nurses in Cro-atia.Results: A total of 130 clinical nurses participated in the research. 86,2% were female and 13,8% male. 85,6% nurses think that scientific work in nursing is important, 72.1% have never written a research paper and 88.5% has a wish for scientific research which could improve nursing practice. Most of the partici-pants (64,3%) think that scientific nursing research is important for improving personal satisfaction.Conclusion: Nurses are aware of the importance of research work, but most of them do not perform any kind of research work. Potential barriers are work overload, time deficit and lack of interest. It is important to motivate nurses to perform the research work, because research can help nurses to respond to changes in the healthcare systems and improve patients care. Keywords: motivation • nursing • scientific work • research workRunning head: nursing and scientific publication Introduction Research is a structured application of scientific method to explore an issue of interest in order to understand it better or to gain new truths [1]. The goal of research is to develop, refine and expand the body of nursing knowledge [2]. It is important for the continuous growth and development of relevant knowledge in nursing. It also provides the nurses with knowledge and analytical skills they need for per-forming the research [3]. Nursing research is a systematic and rigorous process of inquiry that aims to generate and test concepts and propositions, which constitute middle-range theories that are derived from conceptual models of nursing [4]. Although nurses have made significant improvements in the field of research over the past two decades, there are not enough scientific research works published by the nurses in Croatia [5]. Nurses started them education in hospitals already in 1846. The formal nursing education started when first nursing school was established in 1921 110  SG/NJ 2019;24:109-12in Zagreb. In further years, other nursing school were es-tablished in Croatia [6]. A big influence on nurses’ educa-tion had Dr Andrija Štampar which was the principal of the School of Public Health in Zagreb. Till then nurses were considered only as a physician assistants and not as pro-fessionals with specific knowledge. In the following years, a postgraduate program for nurses was established [7, 8]. In 2003, nurses have established the Chamber of Nurses in Croatia [9]. In the same year the Nursing Act was accepted with which nurses gain clearly defined nursing activities, standards of education, requirements for performing nurs-ing, nurses’ duties and quality assessment of the nursing. Moreover, nursing has progressed but still insufficient. Nursing is today a recognized profession that no one de-nies. As a profession, nursing today requires strict educa-tion, and what goes on towards higher grades is more com-plex and sophisticated [10]. Matulic said that nursing has developed different criteria for evaluating and judging the quality of nursing practice as well conditions for obtaining a work permit [10]. In the Republic of Croatia there are 30 000 nurses of which 7000 have college or university educa-tion. Croatian nurses with only secondary vocational quali-fications do not meet the requirements for licensing. The current legislation on nursing is not implemented in the health care system [7]. Goals for the EU region in the field of nursing are raising the quality of service delivery, improving education in line with EU guidelines, improving working conditions, increas-ing the efficiency of management structures, and introduc-ing evidence of practical evidence-based work [11]. In Croa-tia, we can say that the “new way” Croatian nursing started in the early 1990s by establishing professional associations and nursing organizations within the newly established Croatian state. Systematic work and analysis of the existing situation could be started in defining goals development of the profession itself. Theoretical considerations for Croatian nurses are not present, furthermore there is little written in the textbooks, professional articles and reviews. Nursing is becoming more and more understood as a discipline that has a recognizable program of action and is independent of other disciplines in the system health care. Some see it as an interest, some as a scientific discipline, and they do more moderate, they say it is a profession that will finally get us a legitimate status [12].MethodsA cross-sectional research was conducted among clinical nurses in Croatia using online questionnaires. Nurses ful-filled questionnaire in the online form, which was mediat-ed thought social media and e-mail. The questionnaire was designed by the authors according to the previous litera-ture review. Participants were informed about the anonym-ity and the purpose of the research. All Ethical principles for conducting research were taken into account.ResultsThe research was conducted among 130 clinical nurses. A total of 86,2% were female and 13,8% male. 42,6% of them were between 30 and 40, 27,9% were between 40 and 50, and 23,3% were between 18 and 30 years old. Other char-acteristics of the sample are shown in the table, [Table 1].Most of the participated nurses (n = 111; 85,4%) think that nursing research work is important. 6,9% (n = 9) do not agree and 7,7% (n = 10) do not know.64,4 % of them do know nursing research work. Even tho-ugh only 27,9% (n = 36) did carried out a nursing research work, more than half of nurses (64,3%; n = 83) think that it is important for their personal satisfaction [Table 2].More than half of participants (57,7%) are interested in per-forming nursing research work and 42,3% are not intere-sted. They said that it would be motivated if they had more free time, additional knowledge, money, support by the in-stitution or master education to perform nursing research work [Table 3].Table [1] Sample characteristicsAge (years) n %18 – 30 30 23,330 – 40 55 42,640 – 50 36 27,950 – 60 8 6,2GenderFemale 112 86,2Male 18 13,8Work experience (years)0-10 34 26,210-20 50 38,520-30 37 28,530>0 9 6,8EmploymentYes 125 96,9No 4 3,1QualificationHigh school education 41 31,5High expertise 54 41,5Higher expertise 35 26,9  111SG/NJ 2019;24:109-12DiscussionPerforming a nursing research work is extremely important because it allows nurses to develop knowledge and to jus-tify nursing practice that is based on evidence [1].Nurses have positive attitudes towards nursing research work, although most of them do not perform any research work. Furthermore, they think that nursing research is very important and has a big impact on personal satisfaction. Bjorkstrom and Hamrin [13] concluded that nurses gener-ally have positive attitudes towards research. On the other hand, authors conclude that nurses do not perform a nurs-ing research. They found discrepancies among participants in terms of age (younger nurses have more positive atti-tudes towards research) and the level of education (high-er level of education indicates more positive attitudes to-wards research). Similar was found in the research conduct-ed in Croatia in 2017. They concluded that there is a statis-tically significant difference in motivation for performing research work among older and younger nurses. Younger nurses have more positive attitudes towards nursing re-search than older nurses [14]. In the research conducted in Slovenia authors found out that nurses with a higher de-gree of education are more aware of the importance of nursing research. Nurses in Slovenia show a positive atti-tude towards nursing research work [15]. Another research was conducted in Sweden among 1054 nurses. The results show that nurses generally have positive attitudes towards research. Most of the respondents stated that they used the research in practice, while 37% of them said they had never used research findings. Half of the respondents be-lieve they have the ability to analyse scientific articles [16].As a possible motivation actions nurses list more free time to conduct the research, additional knowledge about re-search in nursing, projects or researches that are payed, and support by the institutions. In conducted study in Por-tugal researchers concluded that big impact on motivation in nurses have work contract and additionally pays. Finan-cials influence also personal life satisfaction [17]. In Croatia there is a gap in nursing education. Thus, nurses do not have needed knowledge for performing a nursing research work. Kalauz et al. [7] suggest that there in a need for a reform of a health care system and need for chang-ing education for nurses in Croatia. There is also a need for establishing a PhD degree for nurses in order to expand nursing knowledge. Nurses should focus on these research fields: evidence based nursing, knowledge based develop-ment, increased focus on the outcomes of research and biophysical research, strengthening multidisciplinarity and expanding use of research results [2]. Furthermore, in 2010 Šimunović et al. [5] proposed a new curriculum for all three levels of nursing education based on the evidence. ConclusionWe conclude that research work in nursing is in accordan-ce with all the rules and guidelines necessary for the de-velopment of nursing. Why do not nurses in Croatia deci-de to do it? Is there a lack of motivation, lack of time, will, support? Nursing research is important for the development of nur-sing as a science. Nurses can make significant changes and with their knowledge and experience contribute to the qu-ality of care and to the development of nursing as a scienti-fic discipline. With new knowledge nurses in Croatia could work on developing new strategies for a systematization of workplaces and consequently higher pays. Nema sukoba interesaAuthors declare no conflict of interestTable [2] Questions about nursing scientific work Questions: Yes No Don’t knowDo you find nursing scientific research work important for development of nursing? 85,4* 7,3 7,7Are you introduced to nursing scientific research work? 64,6 35,4Have you ever written an scientific work? 27,9 72,1Do you find nursing scientific research work important for your personal satisfaction? 64,3 17,9 17,8Did you get knowledge about research methodology during your education? 79,2 18,5 2,3In case you have opportunity to contribute to nursing discipline would you participate? 88,5 2,3 9,2*data were shown in percentages (%)Table [3] Motivation for performing nursing research workMotivation n %Free time 60 46,15Additional knowledge 54 41,54Money 53 40,77Support by the institution 1 0,77MSc 1 0,77112  SG/NJ 2019;24:109-12Literatura/References[1] Ellis P. Understanding research for nursing students. London. Peter Ellis and Mooi Standing, 2010.[2] Polit DF, in Beck CZ. Nursing Research: Principles and Methods. Phila-delphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003.[3] Overview of nursing research. Omishakin, M Y J in Oyetunde, M O. 12, s.l. : Journal of Nursing Didactics, 2015, Izv. 5.[4] Mosby’s Medical Dictionary. The free dictionary. [Online] Elsevier, 2009. [Cited: 20 January 2019.] https://medical-dictionary.thefreedic-tionary.com/nursing+research.[5] In search of a Croatian model of nursing education. Šimunović, V J, in drugi. s.l. : Croatian Medical Journal, 2010, Izv. 51.[6] KBC Sestre Milosrdnice. [Online] 2014. [Cited: 21 January 2019. Av-alaible at: http://sestrinstvo.kbcsm.hr/predstavljamo-sestrinstvo-klinike-za-unutarnje-bolesti/.retreived at March 1st 2019[7] Nursing in Croatia: Past, Present, and Future. Kalauz, S, Orlić-Šumić, M in Šimunec, D. s.l. : Croat Med J. 2008; 1: 49.[8] Basics of medical care. Čukljek, S. Zagreb  : Zdravstveno veleučilište, 2005.[9] Hrvatska komora medicinskih sestara. Statut Hrvatske komore medi-cinskih sestara. s.l. : Narodne novine 121/03, 2003.[10] Identitet, profesija i etika sestrinstva. Matulić, T. 3, s.l.  : Bogoslovska smotra, 2007, Izv. 77.[11] Rimac B, Vičić-Hudorović V. Utjecaj obrazovanja zdravstvenih djelatni-ka na sigurnost pacijenata. Sestrinski glasnik. 2013; 1 (18):1[12] Marinić, R. Identitet, integritet i autonomija sestrinske profesije u Re-publici Hrvatskoj. Varaždin  : Sveučilište Sjever, Sveučilišni centar Va-raždin, 2016.[13] Attitudes of Nurses Toward Research: Master Thesis. Hofmeister, N. Michigan : Grand Valley State University, 2007.[14] Kovačević A. Stavovi medicinskih sestara prema istraživanju u sestrin-stvu: Diplomski rad. Osijek  : Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, 2017.[15] Zurc J, Skela-Savič B. Odnos medicinskih sester do raziskovanja v zdravstveni negi. Obzornik Zdravstvene Nege, 2012;1: 46.[16] Nilsson Kajermo K, in drugi. s.l.  Psychometric evaluation of a ques-tionnaire and primary healthcare nurses‘ attitudes towards research and use of research findings. Scand J Caring Sci, 2013.[17] Gomes, F in Proença, T. Nurses’ Motivation and Satisfaction at Work: an exploratory study at the Centro Hospitalar S. João. Porto : Universi-ty of Porto, 2015.

Znanstveno istraživački rad u sestrinstvu u Republici Hrvatskoj Nursing scientific-research work in Croatia

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repository of the University of Rijeka

Repository of the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies

Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia