Alovisi, M.

Berutti, E.

Chiandussi, Giorgio

Paolino, Davide Salvatore

Pasqualini, D.

Scotti, N.

PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino

Politecnico di Torino
Porto Institutional Repository
[Proceeding] DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2D AND 3D TECHNIQUES FOR
EVALUATING SHAPING PERFORMANCE IN SIMULATED ROOT CANALS
Original Citation:
Alovisi M., Paolino D.S., Chiandussi G., Pasqualini D., Scotti N., Berutti E. (2013). DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN 2D AND 3D TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING SHAPING PERFORMANCE IN
SIMULATED ROOT CANALS. In: 6th biennial meeting of the European Federation of Conservative
Dentistry (EFCD) held in association with the 33th national congress of the College National des
Enseignants en Odontologie Conservatrice (CNEOC), Paris, 9–11 May 2013. pp. 1072-1073
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initial and pre and post treatment electronic working lengths was
compared by using Student t test.
Results: Student t test revealed insignificant differences between initial
working length and pre and post-treatment electronic working lengths.
Conclusion : Root ZX and ProPex II can be a useful adjunct during
root canal retreatment.
120
Category: Endodontics and Pulp Biology
OZONE APPLICATION IN TEETH WITH CHRONIC APICAL
PERIODONTITIS IN VIVO STUDY. MEASUREMENT OF THE
BACTERIAL LOAD
Sonia Guillem-Pons1, Joaquín Sais-Sais2, Teresa AlegreDomingo2,
Vicente Faus-Matoses2, Vicente J. FausLlácer3
Master of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontic. Department of
Stomatology. Medicine and Dental School. Valencia University. Spain
Objective: to compare the bacterial load after conventional endodontic
treatment versus combination with HealOzone therapy (Kavo,
Biberach, Germany) in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis.
Methods: sterile paper points were taken at three different times from 10
teeth of 8 patients with localized chronic apical periodontitis. The first
sample was taken after the opening and location of the root canals with
paper point # 15 to theworking length during 30 seconds, the second sample
was taken after chemomechanical preparation with rotary instrumentation
and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and finally, the third
sample was taken after the ozone application during 40 seconds. The
samples were inserted into eppendorf vials and were analyzed with Peri-
implant diagnostic kit (GUM ® Sunstar Americas, Chicago) to measure the
total bacteria and detect the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG),
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) , Tannerella Forsytia (TF),
Treponema denticola (TD), Prevotella intermedia (PI), Parvimonas Micra
(PM), Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), Campylobacter rectus (CR),
Eikenella corrodens (EC), Candida albicans (CA), for plurimicrobiotica
nature of the lesions. The data were analyzed with the IAI-PadoTest 4.5 ®
(IAI Inc., IAI Institue, Zuchwill, Switzerland).
Results: the application of ozone can improve the antiseptic effect on
the endodontic treatment because of decreasing bacterial load.
Conclusion: a reduction of microorganisms that cause chronic apical
periodontitis was obtained mainly after the endodontic treatment. This
study proposes the combination with ozone applying during 40 seconds
to enhance the success in root canals.
121
Category: Endodontics and Pulp Biology
CYCLIC FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF K3, K3XFAND TF FILES
UNDER CONTINUOUS ROTATION AND RECIPROCATING
MOTION AT 5 MM FROM THE TIP
Pérez-Higueras Sánchez-Escalonilla, Juan José1, Arias Paniagua,
Ana1, De la Macorra García, Jose Carlos1
1Conservative Dentistry Department, Complutense University of
Madrid. Spain
Objective: To compare the cyclic fatigue (CF) resistance of K3, K3XF
and TF files at 5 mm from the tip under continuous rotation and
reciprocating motion.
Methods: 60 K3 (modified triple U cross-section manufactured with a
grinding process and conventional NiTi alloy), 60 K3xf (same cross-
section and manufactured method but R-phase alloy), and 90 TF
(triangular cross-section manufactured with a twisting process and R-
phase alloy) files weres divided in seven experimental groups (30 files
each one). All files had the same tip diameter (30) and taper (0.06).
GROUP SPEED (rpm) TYPE OF MOVEMENT
K3-C 300 Continuous rotation
K3XF-C
TF1-C
TF2-C 500
K3-R 300 Reciprocating motion
K3XF-R
TF-R
CF resistance was tested in stainless steel curved canals (60°, r=3 mm).
Clockwise and counterclockwise rotations were set on a ATR Tecnika
Vision electric motor at 144o-72o. UsingWeibull analysis, mean half-life,
beta (related to variability) and eta (at this stress, 0.632 is the probability
of failure) were calculated for each group.
Results:
GROUP MEAN LIFE(s) BETA ETA(s)
K3-C 17,35 3.8 19,16
K3XF-C 44,67 2,72 50,21
TF1-C 26,13 3,97 28,84
TF2-C 10,11 3,28 11,27
K3-R 51,32 5,94 55,35
K3XF-R 70,38 5,8 76,01
TF-R 65,25 4,95 71,11
Probability of mean life was significantly higher when used under
reciprocation motion than continuous rotation for all files. Under
continuous rotation, probability of K3XF-C mean life was significantly
higher than the rest of the groups. Under reciprocating motion, there
where no significant differences between K3XF and TF mean life, but
both were significantly higher than K3 mean life.
Conclusion: R-phase alloy increases the CF resistance of files. Alloy,
section of the file, speed of rotation and type of movement parameters
has influence in the CF Resistance results.
123
Category: Endodontics and Pulp Biology
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2D AND 3D TECHNIQUES FOR
EVALUATING SHAPING PERFORMANCE IN SIMULATED
ROOT CANALS
Mario Alovisi1*, Davide Salvatore Paolino2, Giorgio Chiandussi2,
Damiano Pasqualini1, Nicola Scotti1, Elio Berutti1
1University of Turin, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dental School,
Endodontics
2Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
Objective: The use of two-dimensional (2D) methods for evaluating
geometry variation in root canal shaping is widely adopted in the
literature. Recently, Ounsi et al. (Journal of Endodontics,
2011;37:847–50) concluded that there is statistical difference between
2D and three-dimensional (3D) measurements in assessing canal
dimensions after uses of Ni-Ti rotary instruments on resin blocks
44
simulating curved root canals. In order to verify this conclusion a new
set experimental data has been obtained and analyzed.
Methods: Fifteen resin blocks simulating curved root canals have been
considered for the analysis. Each block has been scanned with
microC omputed Tomography (micro-CT) to obtain an high resolution
3D model. 2D digital images of each physical block have been compared
with the cross-sections extracted from the corresponding 3Dmodel. Image
matching has been carried out by using a digital imaging software (Adobe
Photoshop CS4; Adobe Systems Inc, San Jose, CA); canal profiles have
been extracted with an automated procedure implemented in in Matlab
r2010b software (The MathWorks Inc, Natick, MA) for mathematical
processing and analyzed to evaluate possible geometrical differences.
Results: Statistical analysis (hypothesis test) of the geometrical differ-
ences between the canal profiles obtained from the 2D digital images
and the corresponding cross-sections extracted from the corresponding
3D model showed that with a 95 % confidence level the resulting
profiles cannot be distinguished.
Conclusion: Experimental data showed that there is no statistical
difference in the usage of 2D digital images and 3D micro-CT for
measurements in assessing canal dimensions, if simulated root canals
in resin block are considered. It is worth noting that such difference
would be possible if real root canals are considered, due to the non-
planar 3D path followed by the canal axis.
139
Category: Endodontics and Pulp Biology
PULP BIOENGINEERING: TRACKING OF IMPLANTED
STEM CELLS BY NUCLEAR IMAGING
Souron JB1,2, Decup F1,2 , Petiet A3, Willig C1, Letourneur D4,
Chaussain C1,2, Rouzet F4,5, Opsahl-Vital S1,2
1 EA2496, Pathologie, Imagerie et Biothérapies de l’Organe dentaire,
Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne
Paris Cité, France
2 Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, APHP, France
3 ICB-IFR 02, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, UFR de Médecine Site
Bichat, Paris, France,
4 Inserm, U 698, Bio-ingénierie Cardiovasculaire, CHU X Bichat,
Université Paris Diderot, Paris., France,
5 AP-HP, Service de médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Bichat, Université
Paris Diderot, Paris, France
Objective: Endodontic treatment as current therapeutic may occurred when
tooth is exposed to severe injuries from caries or traumatic fractures. Such
treatment does not exploit the high regenerative cellular potential of the pulp.
The present study is part of a larger research project aiming to develop a pulp
equivalent implantable in the injured dental pulp, based on the use of
mesenchymal pulp stem cells. In tissue engineering, it is a major issue to
determine the fate of implanted cells in a living organism. Here, we tracked
by nuclear imaging 111indium-oxine (111In-oxine) radiolabeled pulp cells
after implantation in the rat emptied pulp chamber.
Methods: Rat pulp cells were radiolabeled with 111In-oxine. Their via-
bility and proliferation rate were controlled in vitro. Then, labeled cells
were added to polymerizing type I collagen hydrogel in order to obtain a
pulp equivalent. This scaffold was then implanted in the emptied pulp
chamber space in the upper first rat molar, after performing pulpotomy
(ethical agreement CEEA34.CC.010.11). Labeled cells were tracked by
Nuclear Imaging (Nano SPECT/CT plus, Bioscan®) for 3 weeks.
Negative controls were performed using radiolabeled cell lysates.
Treated rats were sacrified at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Maxillary
were isolated, demineralized before embedding in paraffin for histologi-
cal staining and immunohistochemistry studies.
Results: In vitro studies showed that 111In-labelled pulp cells viability and
cell proliferation were similar to unlabeled cells. In vivo imaging performed
sequentially over a month showed a significant increased radioactivity level
from labeled pulp equivalent into the pulp chamber, compared to controls.
This labeling was clearly detectable for 3 weeks, which indicates that
implanted cells remained viable in the pulp space. At all-time points,
whole-body acquisitions by SPECT/CT showed no signal outside of the
pulp chamber, suggesting that most radiolabeled cells remained located in
the tooth. Histological and immunochemistry studies showed limited in-
flammation, proliferation and angiogenesis in the cellular scaffold.
Conclusion:Our study demonstrates for the first time that efficient tracking
of pulp cells implanted in the dental pulp can be achieved by Nuclear
imaging. Importantly, our data indicate that the grafted cells were viable
and remained located in the dental pulp. These results open a promising
avenue in the treatment of pulpal dental diseases by tissue engineering.
141
Category: Endodontics and Pulp Biology
COMPARISON OF THE FORCE REQUIRED TO FRACTURE
ROOTS VERTICALLY AFTER ULTRASONIC AND IRS
REMOVAL OF BROKEN INSTRUMENTS
Carolina Diaz-Campos, Ramiro Montenegro-Santillan, Teresa
Alegre-Domingo, Vicente Faus-Matoses3, Vicente J. Faus-Llacer
Master of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics. Department of
Stomatology. Medicine and Dental School. University of Valencia (Spain)
fausvj@uv.es
Objective: To compare the force required to fracture roots vertically
after broken instruments by ultrasonic tips removal and Instrumental
Removal System.
Methods: Sixty extracted human anterior teeth with single and straight
roots were used. The crown of each tooth was removed until the full
length of the tooth was 13 mm. All canals were instrumented to a size
15 K-file and intentionally a S2 Protaper file was fractured at 4 mm in
the middle third of the canals. The teeth were randomly divided into
three groups: fractured instruments without removal (group 1), frac-
tured instruments with ultrasonic tips removal (group 2) and fractured
instruments with iRS removal (group 3). The samples were subjected
to a continuous vertical loading, using a universal testing machine
(Instron). For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded
in Newtons.
Results: The force required to fracture the root vertically was signifi-
cantly higher in the control group (group 1) than experimental groups
(group 2 and 3). The roots in which the broken instruments were
removed using ultrasonic tips required more force to fracture than roots
in the iRS group.
Conclusion: Removal of fractured instruments from the middle third of
the roots decreased the force required to fracture the root vertically,
regardless of the technique used for instrument removal. There was not
difference between the ultrasonic technique and iRS technique.
185
Category: Endodontics and Pulp Biology
CLEANLINESS OF ROOT CANAL WALLS—LASER VERSUS
IRRIGATION:AMICRO-RAMANSPECTROSCOPICANDSEM
ANALYSIS
Roeland De Moor 1, Maarten Meire
1, Geert Hommez 1, Filip
Keulemans 1, Chris Vercruysse
2, Ronald Verbeeck 2
1Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Ghent
Dental Photonics Research Cluster, BIOMAD, Dental School
2Basic Medical Science-Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Ghent
University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
45


DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2D AND 3D TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING SHAPING PERFORMANCE IN SIMULATED ROOT CANALS

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