THE IMPACT OF STATE POLICY CAPACITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY POLICY IN GERMANY: A CASE STUDY OF THE ‘NEW ENERGY PARADIGM’

Abstract

U okolnostima sve primjetnijih klimatskih promjena, koje su najuočljivije u fenomenu globalnog zatopljenja, postaje sve jasnije da energetika utemeljena na iskorištavanju fosilnih goriva znatno pridonosi toj pojavi. Zbog toga mnoge zemlje uviđaju potrebu za promjenom policy-paradigme u području energetske politike, što znači sve veće oslanjanje na obnovljive izvore energije i povećanje energetske učinkovitosti. Autor provodi studiju slučaja Njemačke – predvodnice europskih nastojanja na povezivanju energetike utemeljene na obnovljivim izvorima i zaštiti okoliša, ali i na očuvanju sigurnosti opskrbe energijom. U radu se testira je li takva orijentacija Njemačke utemeljena na njezinu policy-kapacitetu – “sposobnosti raspoređivanja nužnih resursa za donošenje razboritih kolektivnih odluka o alokaciji oskudnih resursa za ostvarivanje javnih ciljeva i postavljanje strateških smjernica u tu svrhu” (Painter i Pierre, 2005: 2), te se zaključuje da su upravo te unutarnje determinante države, a ne policy-difuzija, odigrale glavnu ulogu u zauzimanju vodećeg položaja Njemačke u ostvarivanju “nove energetske paradigme”.Under the circumstances of increasingly visible climate change, most notably in the phenomenon of global warming, it has become more and more clear that the energy industry based on the exploitation of fossil fuels has significantly contributed to this development. Therefore, many countries acknowledge the need for a policy paradigm shift in the field of energy policy, which implies an increased relying on renewable energy sources and the improvement of energy efficiency. The author conducts a case study of Germany – a forerunner in European efforts to link the energy industry based on renewable sources and environmental protection, and also on maintaining the security of energy supply. The paper tests whether this orientation of Germany is based on its policy capacity – “the ability to marshal the necessary resources to make intelligent collective choices about and set strategic directions for the allocation of scarce resources to public ends” (Painter i Pierre, 2005: 2), and concludes that it is the internal state determinants, rather than policy diffusion, which have played a central role in Germany’s attainment of a leadership position in the accomplishment of the “new energy paradigm”

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