大竹 翔子

岩崎 久美子

森 亜佑子

森 夕貴

森 文乃

野崎 健太郎

English

野崎, 健太郎

ノザキ, ケンタロウ

森, 夕貴

森, 文乃

森, 亜佑子

大竹, 翔子

岩崎, 久美子

Sugiyama Jogakuen University Academic Repository / 椙山女学園大学学術機関リポジトリ

355ReportPreliminary research on paper rotorKami-tomboasa craft teaching material : effect of wing width andlength on rotor flight timeKentaro Nozaki, Yuki Mori, Ayano Mori, Ayuko Mori, Shoko Ootake andKumiko IwasakiAbstractA paper rotorKami-tombo, a craft teaching material, is generally introduced in textbooks ofLife Environment StudiesSeikatsukain Japanese elementary school. The rotor was craftedusing a piece from a milk carton and straw. Two wings were cut out from the milk carton usinga scissors or knife. The wings were stapled to the straw using a stapler. Factors controlling theflight time of the paper rotor are not being well investigated in the field of education studies.Therefore, we examined the effect of wing width and length on the flight time of the rotor. Theflight time of a rotor with 2-cm wing width was generally longer than that with a 1-cm wingwidth because the average flight time of around 2 seconds was obtained only at 11-, 12-, 15-,16- and 18-cm wing lengths with 2-cm wing width. The rotor with a 11-16 cm wing length and2 cm wing width was evaluated to be suitable as a craft teaching material in the Life Environ-ment Studies. Results of this study were reported at a scientific meeting organized by the Na-goya Science Literacy Forum.Key wordselementary school, Life Environment Studies, paper rotorKami-tombo, teach-ing material.1IntroductionChildren attending a Japanese elementary school are studying a subject, Life EnvironmentStudiesSeikatsuka, during their first two yearsfive and six years old. The aim of the sub-ject is composed of five elements : activities and experiences ; interests in human relation, so-ciety and nature ; plan and style of one’s own life ; life skills ; and basis for independenceJapanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2008. A handi-craft using a scissors, knife and so on is an important teaching subject involving the element oflife skills of childrenSasaki, 2011 ; Nozaki, 2012. A paper rotorKami-tombo, much likea paper helicopter, is a craft teaching material that is generally introducedin textbookse.g.	Journal of the School of Education, Sugiyama Jogakuen University6355−3612013School of Education, Sugiyama Jogakuen UniversityKentaro Nozaki, e-mail : ken@sugiyama-u.ac.jp	 !"#$%&356Dainippon Tosho, 2011'and on web sitese.g.Department of Life Environment Studies, Fac-ulty of Education, Aichi University of Education : http : //crafts.step.aichi-edu.ac.jp/easy009.html, inspected in 27 December 2012'of the Life Environmental Studies. Elementary schoolteachers should encourage their students to find out some ideas to extend the flight time of therotor. The paper helicopter is a quite well known teaching material among engineers and statis-ticians in both the academic and industrial sectorsBox, 1991 ; Anthony and Anthony, 2001 ;Takahashi, 2003'. However, factors controlling the flight time of the paper rotor are not beingwell investigated in the field of education studies. Therefore, we examined the effect of wingwidth and length on the flight time of the rotor.Fig. 1Paper rotorKami-tombocraftedin this study.Fig. 2Two wings stapled to straw usingstapler.2Materials and MethodsThe paper rotor was crafted from a milk carton and strawFig. 1'. Two wings were cut outfrom the milk carton using a scissors or knife. The rotor wing was adjusted to a 1-cm widthwith a 1-18 cm length18 conditions'and a 2-cm width with a 1-19 cm length19 conditions'.Two wings were stapled to a straw3 mm diameter, 20 cm length'using a staplerFig. 2'.Flight time of the rotor was measured by a stopwatch five times at each conditionin the class-roomFigs. 3 and 4'. Measurements 185 times18 conditions(5 times)19(5'per personwere carried out by six researchers. The time of each rotor free fall from 150 cm above groundwas measured by two researchers using the stopwatch.Fig3Ready to fly the paper rotorYuki MoriFig4Paper rotor experiment by Ayano Morirightand Aya Matsuokaleft	 Vol. 6 2013357Fig5A paper of procedure for crafting the rotor	 !"#$%&358Results of this study were reported at a scientific meeting organized by the Nagoya ScienceLiteracy Forum on 26 November, 2011. We also practiced crafting the paper rotor with partici-pants. Figure 5 shows the procedure used to craft the rotor.Fig7Results of the paper rotor experiment with 2-cm wing widthFig6Results of paper rotor experiment with 1-cm wing width	 Vol. 6 20133593Results and DiscussionChanges in flight and free fall times with a 1-cm wing width were shown in Figure 6. AveragetimeSDin free fall at each wing length ranged from 0.430.061-cm lengthto 0.650.097-cm lengthseconds. Average flight time at each wing length ranged from 0.730.121-cm lengthto 1.820.4412-cm lengthseconds. Maximum flight time was 2.78 secondsat 12-cm wing length. Changes in flight and free fall times at 2-cm wing width were shown inFigure 7. Time in free fall at each wing length ranged from 0.400.132-cm lengthto 0.710.0316-cm lengthseconds. Average flight time at each wing length ranged from 0.790.121-cm lengthto 2.230.3518-cm lengthseconds. Maximum flight time was 2.84 sec-onds at 15-cm wing length.Longer wing length seemed to influence the fall velocity of the rotor due to the increase ofweight and air resistance. However, almost no difference in the time of free fall was seen at awing width of 1-cm and a wing width of 2-cm respectively. Thus, we decided that the winglength did not affect the fall velocity. Flight time of the rotor with a 2-cm wing width was gen-erally longer than at 1-cm wing width because the average flight time of around 2 seconds wasobtained only at wing length of 11-, 12-, 15-, 16- and 18- cm length with 2 cm wing width.Therefore, the rotor having a wing of 11-16 cm length with 2 cm width is evaluated to be suit-able as a craft teaching material in the Life Environment Studies. The average, maximum andminimum flight times were for paper rotors with respective wing width of 1-cm and 10-11 cmwing length, and 2-cm wing width and 9-cm wing length, were a sharp simultaneously fall. Wethought to be difficult the technique to fly the rotor at their conditions from researcher’s expres-sions. However, that reason was not clear.The Life Environment Studies which began in 1992 replaced the Science and Social Studiesof the lower grades. However, opinions opposing its teaching continued for twenty yearse.g.Noda, 2004 ; Hyodo, 2010. The group critical of the Life Environment Studies approachmaintains that the learning content is not sufficiently scientific and makes too much of experi-ence. From the results of our study, we suggest that the paper rotor experiment is indeed a pos-sible scientific teaching material for children in the lower grades just as the paper helicopter ex-periment is in relation to quality control in the economic and engineering education field. Fig-ures 8 and 9 show our presentation and practice scenes at a meeting of the Nagoya Science Lit-eracy Forum. The forum participants appreciated the results of our study, and enjoyed paper ro-tor craft and play.	 !"#$%&360Fig8Presentation of our study in scien-tific meeting of the Nagoya ScienceLiteracy Forum on 26 November,2011 by Ayano Mori, Shoko Ootake,Kumiko Iwasaki and Yuki Moriright to leftFig9Paper rotor flying by meeting par-ticipantsAcknowledgmentsThe authors are grateful to Aya Matsuoka of the School of Education, Sugiyama Jogakuen Uni-versity, and Tomohiro Yoshiike of the Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University fortheir generous assistance in this study. They also wish to thank Professor Dr. YukihikoNamikawa of the School of Education, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Professor HiroshiKawakatsu of Meijo University and Dr. Jun-ichiro Yasuda of Gifu University for their usefuldiscussions and criticisms. This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Re-searchC'from The Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNo. 24501114'to KentaroNozaki.ReferencesAnthony, J. and F. J. Anthony2001'Teaching the Taguchi method to industrial engineers.Work Study, 50(4': 141-149.Box, G.1991'Teaching engineers experimental design with a paper helicopter. Quality Engi-neering, 4(3': 453-459.Dainippon Tosho2011'Textbook of the Life Environment Studies part 2Seikatsuka-Hakken'. p.81, Dainippon Tosho Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyoin Japanese'.Hyodo, T.2010'What of the curriculum guidance is a problem? KagakuIwanami Shoten',80(5': 502-509in Japanese'.Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology2008'Commentaryon the curriculumguidance of the Life Environment StudiesSeikatsuka'. p.10, Toyokan,Tokyoin Japanese'.	 Vol. 6 2013361Noda, A.2004Research for the improvement of the Life Environment Studies. Bulletin ofAichi University of Education, Education Sciences, 53 : 1-8in Japanese.Nozaki, K.2012Learning of food and life education in Seikatsuka studiesLife EnvironmentStudieson a training course of nursery and primary school teachers at the School of Educa-tion, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nagoya, Japan. Journal of Sugiyama Jogakuen Univer-sity, Natural Science, 43 : 1-12in Japanese.Sasaki, H.2011Importanceof teaching contents of life environment studies in the Japaneseelementary school. RikakyoushitsuThe Journal of Science Education, 544: 16-19inJapanese.Takahashi, T.2003Robust design for mass production. Journal of Materials Processing Tech-nology, 143/144 : 786-791.		    !" #$%&   '()*+,-./0123456)6789:;<=>?@-A./0123BCDEF/GHIJ+K:-L/M+N-A2O)P2BCDEFQR2=STUVW+XYZR>3[E\]G+GHIJ8^_=>-A`Q`aMR3)b+./01)cdef8ghi-jklm`nop2qrnRa@AsL+3tlm+23P)u/v=M./01)cdef8w1ixykz{`nA./01)cdef)|}23u 2 cm3v= 15 cm+~R>n 284+,nA/`?23P)uM 2 cm))M3u 1cm))Yv@+,nAaaR3cdef)}M 2+,n./0123u 2 cm+v= 11312315316318cm)S+,nQR+,-A`nM?3456)+'()*/`?`?@-23u 2 cm3v= 1116 cm)./01+,-/=>nAtlm)y236JWJM ¡i-6¢£¤+=>nA¥¦§34563./013*

工作の教材としての紙とんぼの予備的研究 : 紙とんぼの飛行時間に及ぼす羽の幅と長さの効果

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Preliminary resaerch on paper rotor (Kami-tombo) as a craft teaching material : effect of wing width and length on rotor flight time

Preliminary resaerch on paper rotor (Kami-tombo) as a craft teaching material : effect of wing width and length on rotor flight time

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