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Casco Bay Estuary Partnership

Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

English

University of Southern Maine: Digital Commons@USM

University of Southern Maine USM Digital Commons Presentations Casco Bay Estuary Partnership (CBEP) 2001 Casco Bay Deposition Study Casco Bay Estuary Partnership Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/cbep-presentations Recommended Citation Casco Bay Estuary Partnership, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, & U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2001). Casco Bay Deposition Study. [Presentation slides]. Portland, ME: University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service, Casco Bay Estuary Partnership. Retrieved from: This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Casco Bay Estuary Partnership (CBEP) at USM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations by an authorized administrator of USM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact jessica.c.hovey@maine.edu. Casco Bay Deposition Study In 1990, Casco Bay was designated an "estuary of national significance"and included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Estuary Program, established in 1987 to protect nationally significant estuaries threatened by pollution, development or overuse. As a result of this designation, the Casco Bay Estuary Project (CBEP) was formed with the mission of preserving the ecological integrity of Casco Bay and ensuring compatible human uses of the Bay's resources through public stewardship and effective management.  Casco Bay Estuary Project:  Collaborative interagency and citizen effort to develop a plan for managing the Casco Bay watershed  Casco Bay Plan - adopted 1996     protect wildlife habitat     improve water quality     reduce pollution from stormwater runoff         and combined sewer overflows     reduce toxic pollution     protect and restore clamflats and swimming                                             areas  nuisance algal blooms from excess   nitrogen causing mortality in shell fish and   other marine animals   elevated levels of Hg, Cd, PAH    fish advisories due to elevated levels of   methyl mercury in watershed fish  Issues Identified by Casco Bay Plan: Air Deposition Study funded by Great Waters Program Is air deposition a current source of pollution to the bay?  What is the contribution of deposition to total pollution loading?  What is the relationship of the estuary to regional patterns of air pollution? Casco Bay Deposition Study Objectives:  1. Establish a long-term deposition monitoring site near Casco Bay (PAH, Nitrogen, Mercury, Acid Deposition, Fine Particulates) 2. Develop a relatively simple method to estimate atmospheric mass loading of “target” pollutants. • Maine DEP – Cathy Richardson, Ellen Doering, Jeff Emery, Don Prince, Doug Saball, Andy Johnson - Advisory Committee –  Don Prince - site operator  • USEPA Region 1 – Diane Gould, Alan Van Arsdale, Jeri Weiss - Advisory Committee • Casco Bay Estuary Project – Beverly Bayley-Smith - Grant Administrator, Advisory Committee • Byard Mosher - Contractor for Data Analysis Air Deposition Study Team Members Location of Air Deposition Site: Wolfe’s Neck Farm - Freeport, Maine Collecting the MDN Sample Sending it out for analysis – Fine Aerosol Chemistry - IMPROVE Sampler – Precipitation Ion Chemistry - NADP Sampler – Mercury Deposition - MDN Sampler – PAH Wet and Dry Deposition - UMass Lowell Sampler – Meteorological Data - Recording rain gauge and wind speed / direction Site Configuration • Fine aerosol (IMPROVE)- SIP calendar, every 6th day • Precipitation chemistry (NADP)- weekly integrated sampling (sampling bucket set up on Tuesday and removed the following Tuesday) • Mercury deposition (MDN)- weekly integrated sampling (same as NADP) • PAH deposition - weekly integrated sampling, one week/month for one year (same as NADP) • Sampling began Jan-Feb 1998 and will continue for three years Sampling Frequency The Casco Bay deposition  site is part of the MEDEP’s Southern Maine Air Monitoring Network Network includes: Ozone Sulfur Dioxide Particulates Acid Deposition Mercury Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Dioxide ME00:  Caribou ME02:  Bridgton ME08:  Gilead ME09:  Greenville ME96:  Freeport ME98:  Acadia, McFarland Hill  Inactive:97 Presque Isle; 99 Acadia Paradise Hill The deposition site is also part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program - NADP 1998 Total Precipitation: 128.7 cm 1999 Total Precipitation: 118.5 cm NADP precipitation isopleth maps. The CBDP data is in the box adjacent to the corresponding map NADP 1998 Annual Average pH: 4.62 NADP 1999 Annual Average pH: 4.58 NADP Deposition Trends  Precipitation chemistry dominated by sulfates and  nitrates   Coastal marine environment has significant  influence  on precipitation chemistry (sodium and chloride 42%  of measured species   East / West and North / South variations in   precipitation chemistry across the state ( other   pollutants like ozone show this kind of variation)  NADP 1998 Nitrate Annual Average: 10.91 kg/ha Highest seasonal average in 1998: Summer: 3.71 kg/ha 1999 Nitrate Annual Average:  11.09 kg/ha Highest seasonal average in 1999: Winter: 3.32 kg/ha NADP 1998 Sulfate Annual Average: 14.22 kg/ha Highest Seasonal Average: Summer - 6.24 kg/ha 1999 Sulfate Annual Average: 14.44 kg/ha Highest Seasonal average: Winter - 4.08 kg/ha NADP ME00:  Caribou ME02:  Bridgton ME09:  Greenville ME96:  Freeport ME98:  Acadia, McFarland Hill MDN The CBDP is also part of the national Mercury Deposition Network. Fairly uniform annual concentration averages (nannograms per liter or ng/l) across the state in 1998: Greenville 5.87 ng/l Bridgton 6.56 ng/l Freeport 7.78 ng/l Acadia  6.06 ng/l  Highest concentrations in summer months of June, July and August  In 1998 Freeport had the highest annual deposition rate of 12.1 ug/m2 (micrograms per meter squared)  More  pollutant and acidity laden precipitation tends to contain more mercury MDN MDN 1998 Annual Deposition Values MDN 1999 Annual Deposition Values  2.208 ug/m3  or 18% of the annual Mercury deposition  occurred during the sampling period of 6/9/98 - 6/16/98.       June was 3rd wettest on record - 9.01 inches; 7 inches fell from 6/12 through 6/17  On June 13th Freeport received 3.58 inches of rain MDN Red = 1000 m Blue = 5000 m Black = 10000 m MDN Trajectory map created by the READY HYSPLIT model. This is a back trajectory showing the origins of the system that produced so much rain.  www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html NADP data corresponding to the sampling period of June 9, 1998 to June 16, 1998 and compared to annual averages for 1998:    June   1998  pH:  4.65   4.62 Na  149.98 mg/m2  775 mg/m2 Cl:  258.68 mg/m2   1305 mg/m2 NO3:  86.69 mg/m2  1090 mg/m2 SO4:  154.11 mg/m2  1422 mg/m2 MDN MDN Map showing Mercury Advisories and corresponding 1999 data: The CBDP is also a part of the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments or  IMPROVE network:  USEPA and National Park Service  Measures the composition of visibility impairing aerosols  Help identify sources of impairment on individual site, regional, and national scales  Document trends IMPROVE IMPROVE Modular Aerosol Sampler IMPROVE • Module A: PM2.5 particles (0-2.5 5m) on Teflon. These are analyzed by five methods:  gravimetric mass for PM2.5   hybrid integrating plate/sphere method for optical absorption   Proton Elastic Scattering Analysis (PESA) for hydrogen   Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) for Na-Mn   X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for Fe-Pb • Module B: PM2.5 particles (0-2.5 5m) on nylon. A denuder before the nylon filter removes nitric acid vapors. These are analyzed by are analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) at Research Triangle Institute for nitrate (NO3-), chloride (CL-), sulfate (BSO4), and nitrite (NO2-).  • Module C: PM2.5 particles (0-2.5 5m) on quartz. These are analyzed by at Desert Research Institute for carbon using the Thermal Optical Reflectance (TOR) combustion method. A secondary filter at selected sites is used to determine artifact. These are reported in 8 temperature categories.   Explanation of IMPROVE Sampling Modules: IMPROVE composition at Freeport Fine aerosol composition is dominated by pollutants from human activities  Levels of airborne pollutants at Freeport are generally  lower than those found in urban areas such as Boston  Air mass trajectory analysis indicates that both  regional and long range source regions influence  pollutant levels in and around Casco Bay Aerosol Composition in Freeport, MaineOrganic Carbon 35%Sulfate 40%Marine 4%Soil 8%Other 13%IMPROVE IMPROVE Caveats (Byard Mosher Data Report 9/27/00) :  1. Fine Mass values may be suspect. Sum of Species values are much greater than the FM totals. 2. Mercury values are suspect and much higher than values reported from other studies in the Northeast.  IMPROVE Possible regional sources for IMPROVE aerosol pollutants - based on trajectories run by Byard Mosher IMPROVE 1/98 -6/99 CBDP Fine Mass:  Median 3.5  Mean   5.05  IMPROVE Comparison of CBDP Fine Mass data to National data trends: IMPROVE IMPROVE Fine Mass isopleth map: PAH Monitoring Configuration  Dan S. Golomb and Eugene F. Barry - Principal Investigators  University of Massachusetts - Lowell PAH Wet deposition runs into a funnel that drains into a temperature controlled, shielded collection flask. Dry deposition onto the surface of a funnel continually filled with purified water. The overflow (collection surface) is caught by the receiving flask. (Simulating the ocean surface) PAH Photo of wet /dry PAH collector PAH A modified precipitation collector designed by Dr. Dan Golomb    (UMass-Lowell) was deployed at the Freeport site for one year 16 dry deposition and 12 wet deposition samples were collected between    March 1998 and February 1999 Dry PAH deposition at Freeport was lowest during the summer and     highest during the winter months Dry deposition rates at more urban locations (Boston area) are     much higher than those found at Freeport, suggesting that local     emissions are a major source for PAHs in dry deposition There was no clear seasonal variation in wet deposition of PAHs at     Freeport Precipitation amount does not appear to influence PAH concentrations    in precipitation No definitive source(s) for the PAHs found in wet and dry deposition at     Freeport could be identified   PAH Monitoring Summary: PAH PAH There was very little difference between the average annual composition of PAH species in the wet and dry deposition. •Coastal regions of Maine experience higher concentrations and deposition  of pollutants compared with in-land sites.  •Both fine particle and precipitation chemistry at Freeport are dominated   by man-made pollutants.  •The deposition of Nitrogen and Mercury to Casco Bay is significant  and comparable in magnitude to point source inputs.  •Regional sources of airborne pollutants appear to be varied and complex.  Both nearby sources such as metropolitan areas along the eastern seaboard and more distant sources, such as the industrialized Ohio River Valley, are important. Summary of Preliminary Results from the Casco Bay Air Deposition Study 

Casco Bay Deposition Study

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Casco Bay Deposition Study

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