Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 16-4.https://digitalmaine.com/mgs_maps/2043/thumbnail.jp

Johnston, Robert A

Locke, Daniel B

English

Maine State Library

Surficial materials of the Hinckley quadrangle, Maine

Maine State Documents (Maine State Library)

Hinckley ClintonWaterville FairfieldCanaanNorridgewockRomeMadisonEast SkowheganOpen-File No. 16-42016Digital cartography byAmber T. H. WhittakerThis map supersedesOpen-File Map 00-66.State GeologistRobert G. Marvinney Cartographic design byChristian H. HalstedSurficial materials mapping byRobert A. JohnstonDaniel B. LockeAddress: 93 State House Station, Augusta, Maine  04333Telephone: 207-287-2801 E-mail: mgs@maine.govHome page: www.maine.gov/dacf/mgs/Maine Geological SurveyHinckley Quadrangle, MaineSURFICIAL MATERIALS___Geologic processes such as weathering and erosion break bedrockdown into smaller particles of sediment.  Sediments such as clay, silt,sand, gravel, and other loose deposits which lie on top of bedrock aregrouped together in the general category of "surficial materials."  Thesematerials are not soils; they are the deeper earth materials that liebetween the soil zone and the underlying bedrock.  Soils commonlydevelop by weathering of the uppermost part of these materials.Mapping Surficial Materials___When mapping the surficial geology or the extent of sand andgravel aquifers in a quadrangle, a geologist first makes observationsabout the surficial materials at a network of points throughout the area.These points of observation may be auger holes, road cuts, gravel pits,stream cuts, or other places where sediments are visible.  The geologistdescribes the materials at each location using the size abbreviationsshown in the explanation below the map at left.  Sedimentary materialsrange in particle size from clay (<0.002 mm) to boulders (>256 mm or10").  The observation points are plotted on the quadrangle and theresulting surficial materials map shows what is known about thedistribution, thickness, and texture of sediments in the area.___By combining materials data with well and test hole data, seismicstudies, other published information, and analysis of aerial photographs,the geologist then interprets the pattern of these materials to create ageologic map.Uses of Materials Maps___The data shown here may be used for a variety of purposes bylandowners, planners, teachers, or anyone else wanting to know whatlies beneath the land surface.  For example, it may aid in the search foreconomically important deposits such as sand and gravel for aggregateor clay for bricks or pottery.  Environmental issues such as the locationof a suitable landfill site or the possible spread of contaminants aredirectly related to surficial materials information.  Construction projectssuch as locating new roads, excavating foundations and utility lines, orsiting new homes are also important uses of materials data.___Surficial materials maps are often best used in conjunction withrelated maps such as surficial geology maps or significant sand andgravel aquifer maps.  Refer to the list of related publications below atleft.Photographs___The photos below are examples of the various material sizes as theyare observed in the field.  The photo captions describe the materials andgive the abbreviations used to represent them on the map at left.Inspection of the photos will give the map user a better sense of whatthe map units mean.  Note especially the photos at the bottom of thepage.  These photos show interbedded layers of materials as they mayoften be seen in the field.  Materials in a gravel pit are rarely all a singlesize, and these examples show their possible complexity.Till over bedrock:  d(t)/rk -- Road cut on Route 17 in Township D,showing thin layer of till overlying glacially eroded bedrock.  Darkstreaks on the rock face are wet areas.Till:  ds(t) --  Borrow pit near Millinocket, exposing sandy, boulderytill. This stony till  commonly occurs in areas of granitic bedrock.Clay-silt:  cy-st -- Coastal bluff in Brunswick, exposing a thick sectionof well-stratified glaciomarine seafloor mud (Presumpscot Formation).Clayey silt over sand with pebble-cobble gravel:  st,cy/s,p,c --Borrow pit in Kennebec River valley, Pittston, showing glaciomarineseafloor mud (Presumpscot Formation) overlying sand and graveldeposited in submarine fan at glacier margin.Sand (ranging from very fine-grained to very coarse):  vfs-vcs --Close-up of pit face in well-stratified sand beds deposited in glaciallake at lower end of Bear River valley, Newry.Sand:  s -- Close-up of pit face in glaciomarine delta west of DolbyPond, Millinocket, showing current ripples in sandy delta foreset beds.Scale card is graduated in centimeters and inches.Pebble to boulder gravel (fossiliferous) over gravelly sand:  p-b(f)/gs -- Close-up of pit face in marine nearshore deposit with fossilshells and barnacle-encrusted stones.Pebble to cobble gravel:  p-c-- Pit in upper part of glaciomarine deltain Norridgewock, Kennebec River valley, showing massive graveldeposited by meltwater streams flowing across delta top.Gravel over sand over gravel:  p-c/s/p-c -- Close-up of pit faceshowing intertidal(?) sand unit between pebble-cobble gravel beds inupper part of glaciomarine delta, Columbia Falls.Sand with interbedded flowtill:  sΣds(tf)-- Close-up of pit face in anend-moraine, Westbrook, showing part of a stony flowtill lens (center)deposited where glacier margin terminated in the sea.Funding for the preparation of this map was provided in part by the U.S. Geological SurveySTATEMAP Program, Cooperative Agreement No. G15AC00181.                               Lost BrookMarti n StreamFish BrookCraigin BrookCurrierBrookSnow BrookClintonFairfieldClintonSkowheganFairfieldNorridgewockFairfieldSkowheganNorridgewockSkowhegan500200600200600300200400500300200200300200200600400300500200200400300400300200200600500400400300300600500400700200700400300200400 300200200200200200200300500300200300200600400300200400300600500400300200200300200300400300400400300300200200200200200300200Carrier LnBackRdBurrill Hill RdRive r RdPalmer RdOak Pond RdERiv er RdOld School House RdVarney RdGreen RdBonny DrFawn RdPrescott DrCayer LnAustin LnGif ford DrWillys WayHebe rt LnHelens LnRidge RdPriceRdHutchins RdLedgewood DrMases LnFitzgerald DrRowe RdProvost LnHeritage DrHardscrab ble LnNash LnBernies WayBrown LnKendall Annex RdMaes WayRed Oak DrTownsend RdArcher RdSouthgate PkwyMartin StreamRdLarone RdPico RdPorter RdCovell RdPirate LnGlenView DrBigelow Hill RdBigelow Hi ll RdTower DrEaton MountainRdPa ge TerMa rtinLnBatesDrBear Mountain RdS tanle y RdBrittany DrPratt RdAdams RdCrescent StSteven s Rd¬«201¬«23¬«2201A¬«23¬«20123¬«104139¬«139¬«104Hinckley PishonFerryHolwayCornerHoxiesLaroneNorthFairfield4054123 1252785KENNEBECRIVERKENNEBEC R.121445-50801141013306174236153547000≥15,s,cy≥45129802420 506320-4025-30405,5s,g414031101801403125440005014155-1084≥80,17fs-st,p/26st-s/23fs-st/14s,g10,2st-s/8s/rk34,13s,st,p/21d(t)/rk11s,g≥13513350-552430-35fs,st,gs5-1070-75≥14055s,g30s,g20s,g 20s,g20fs,st/12p-c 20fs,st/12p-c≥9,9cy,st≥18,18cy,st≥15,15s,st≥25,25s,st≥13,13s,st90≥11,11s,g≥15,15s,g≥20,7af,pt/13s≥11,5s/6cy,st≥7,7s,g≥7,7s,g≥6,6s,g≥80,80s,g≥7,7s,g120-12512gs10fs30p-c 625fs-cs,st,p-c25-30gs,p-c20gs,p-c≥15,7st-fs/8fs-cs,g≥37,37vfs,st,cy25fs-ms,st,gs,p-c3st,fs/11p-c654318114053000600223507894115002251515103402.512521429127013030434012156041 1081005100 883015173570903852 1304034015810100204118cyogds(t)sgds(t)og ds(t)ds(t)20ds(t)ds(t)sgfscyds(t)pt pt fsds(t)ogfsfscyfsfsfsfsfs cycyfsptfsds(t)cyds(t)ds(t)stafog10,cystafcydc(t)ds(t)dc(t) sdc(t)ogds(t)ds(t)ds(t)ds(t)ds(t)mscyds(t)3688ds(t)afcycy2s/4cy 4cyst,cy9fs4st5cy2cy2cy 4vfs10vfs4vfs3vfs6cy6vfs4ds(t)6ds(t)4ds(t)6ds(t)15ds(t)4ms12fs8ds(t)3fs10fs6fs8fsst,cy12ds(t)3cy 2cy5cy20sc5ms20ms4cy12ms10ms3vfs/cy3fs 3cy13cy/rk14fs4vfs3fs8cy 4cy6fs6fs3fs3fs10fs15fs6cy 14fs3fs3cy6cy3sg10cg4ds(t)2cy2fs5fs25ms 3fs15pg3ds(t)2ds(t)2ds(t)8ds(t)6cy3cy2vfs/ds(t)2fs4vfs5fs40fs10fsbd(t)3’cy10fs 4fs15fs4fs8fs10fs7fs8ds(t)6ds(t)4ds(t)6ds(t)6fs35-405fs≥34,15st-vfs/15vfs/4fs-ms≥31,10cy-st/7vfs-st/13g,s10024905669°37'30"W69°37'30"W69°40'0"W69°40'0"W69°42'30"W69°42'30"W69°45'0"W69°45'0"W44°45'0"N 44°45'0"N44°42'30"N 44°42'30"N44°40'0"N 44°40'0"N44°37'30"N 44°37'30"N441000m.E441000m.E42424343444445454646474748484949450000m.E450000m.E49 42000m. N49 42000m. N434344444545464647474848494949504950515152525353545449 55000m. N49 55000m. NSurficial MaterialsMaterials mapping by Robert A. Johnston in 2015 and Daniel B. Locke in 1998.Additional data sources include, but are not limited to, municipal water companyrecords, U.S. Geological Survey Basic-Data Reports, Maine Geological Surveybedrock well database and bedrock geology maps, Maine Department ofEnvironmental Protection site files, Maine Department of Transportation highwayconstruction records, and the Maine Department of Human Services public water-supply well database.SOURCES OF MAP INFORMATION Base map features from Maine Office of GIS - 1:24,000 USGS contourlines, E911 roads, 1:24,000 National Hydrography Dataset, USGSGNIS placenames and 1:24,000 political boundaries.  Map projectionUniversal Transverse Mercator, North American Datum, 1927.The use of industry, firm, or local government names on this map is forlocation purposes only and does not impute responsibility for anypresent or potential effects on the natural resources.CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET1:24,000SCALEApproximate MeanDeclination, 201516.5o W (not to scale)True NorthMagnetic North1 0 10.5 Mile1 0 10.5 Kilometer1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Feet___This map shows the textures of surficial sediments in the quadrangle, independent ofinterpretations regarding their origin. For example, poorly sorted sediments depositeddirectly from glacial ice are shown here as "diamicton," although they may begenetically classified as "till."___The symbols listed below indicate materials observed in borrow pits and othersurface exposures, as well as subsurface data from various sources. Where more thanone textural class is present, materials are separated by commas and listed in decreasingorder of abundance (e.g. s, st, cy). Individual materials may occur in distinct layers, orthey may be mixed. Hyphens show the ranges of particle sizes present where theirrelative abundances are uncertain (e.g. st-c). Slash marks indicate superposition ofmaterials.  Numbers are observed thicknesses in feet (e.g. 10s/3cy) and in many cases donot indicate the thickness of surficial materials that may exist at greater depths.  "Σ"indicates a significant stratigraphic sequence of interbedded materials.  Some borrowpits and other localities may be designated by numbers that refer to descriptions in thequadrangle text. Not all symbols will necessarily be found on the map.SOURCES OF RELATED INFORMATIONMaterials data from shovel hole, hand-auger hole, natural exposure, orexcavation (other than borrow pit).8s-bDepth to bedrock from well  (≥ is used to indicate minimum depth tobedrock), in feet below land surface56Bedrock wellDrilled overburden well Dug well Driven point Observation well with materials data Test boring with materials dataBorrow pit, recently active at time of mapping, with materials data.Borrow pit, evidently abandoned or in long disuse at time of mapping, withmaterials data where noted in remaining exposures. This symbol alsoindicates pits that have been reclaimed and no longer exist, but their formerlocations are evident from earlier reconnaissance work, air photos, or countysoils maps published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.QuarryLocation of site for which a data sheet is on file at the Maine GeologicalSurveyDepth to bedrock from seismic line, in feet below land surfaceBedrock outcrops-p10gs/rk20fs,sts-b 569GRAVEL g Undifferentiated gravel, used as a general term.  Can besubdivided by size as follows:b Boulder gravel >256 mm (10")c Cobble gravel 64-256 mm (2.5-10")p Pebble gravel 2-64 mm (0.1-2.5")MIXED  UNITS gs Gravelly sand (this is a special case for sand with lesseramounts of intermixed gravel, i.e. pebbly sand, cobbly sand, orbouldery sand)sg Sand and gravel (used only to describe slumped face or othersite where relative abundances of sand vs. gravel areunknown).SAND s Undifferentiated sand, used as a general term.  Can besubdivided by size as follows:vcs Very coarse sand (1-2 mm)cs Coarse sand (0.5-1 mm)ms Medium sand (0.25-0.5 mm)ms Fine sand (0.125-0.25 mm)ms Very fine sand (0.0625-0.125 mm)SILT st Silt (0.002-0.0625 mm)CLAY cy Clay (<0.002  mm)DIAMICTON d Undifferentiated diamicton (poorly-sorted sediment in whichparticle sizes may range from clay to boulders).  Used as ageneral term or subdivided as follows:dg Gravelly-matrix diamictonds Sandy-matrix diamictondt Silty-matrix diamictondy Clayey-matrix diamictonNote: Diamictons of glacial origin may be classified as one ofthe following varieties of till (shown on the map inparentheses):t Till, undifferentiated.  Usually of late Wisconsinan age(deposited by the last glacial ice sheet).ta Ablation till.  Deposited during retreat of the lateWisconsinan ice sheet.  Typically sandy, stony, and notvery compact.tl Lodgement till.  Inferred to have been deposited at thebase of the late Wisconsinan ice sheet.  Usually verycompact.tf Flowtill.  Deposited by slumping adjacent to glacialice.T Variably weathered till (usually a lodgment facies) ofinferred pre-late Wisconsinan age.ORGANICMATERIALS og Organic-rich sediment (can be any organic material, includingforest litter, wood, shells, etc.)pt Peat (reserved for actual fibrous peat)OTHERMATERIALS af Artificial fill (e.g. road fills, building sites, dumps)bd Scattered boulders; interpreted as till where followed by (t)rk Bedrock (observed in pit floor, boring, or natural exposure)rs Rottenstone, disintegrated or weathered bedrock, saproliteu Unknown (material unidentified)R Refusal (in test boring or well)(f) Fossiliferous (used to indicate fossiliferous units within asequence).Johnston, Robert A., 2016, Surficial geology of the Hinckley 7.5' quadrangle,Maine:  Maine Geological Survey, Open-File Map 16-5, scale 1:24,000.Neil, C. D. (compiler), Locke, Daniel B. (mapper), 2000, Significant sand andgravel aquifers in the Hinckley quadrangle, Maine:  Maine Geological Survey,Open-File Map 00-27, scale 1:24,000.Thompson, Woodrow B., 2015, Surficial geology handbook for southernMaine: Maine Geological Survey, Bulletin 44, 97 p.Thompson, W. B., and Borns, H. W., Jr., 1985, Surficial geologic map ofMaine:  Maine Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000.

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Surficial materials of the Hinckley quadrangle, Maine

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