The paper aims is to draw the attention of specialists in agriculture and farmers,especially those from the area of influence of the Agricultural Research Development Station Caracal, of the importance of choosing hybrids of rape, taking in account thenclimate and soil conditions in the region of Caracal Plain.Precocity of hybrids, blooming period, productivity elements and STAS grain production parameters are investigated and analyzed in the experiences carried out during 2013 - 2014 using vegetable creations from companies’ representative in Romania for rape crops. The assortment of hybrids tested capitalized very well the climatic conditions of the area, generating productions between 3200 and 4100 kg/ha, values obtained as the average of two years of experimentation, with a small variations of production, which highlights the stability of production and hence quality of the vegetable creations marketed by firms whose portfolio contain

Babeanu, Cristina

Dodocioiu, Ana Maia

Matei, Gheorghe

Petrescu, Eugen

The paper aims is to draw the attention of specialists in agriculture and farmers,especially those from the area of influence of the Agricultural Research DevelopmentÂ Station Caracal, of the importance of choosing hybrids of rape, taking in account thenclimate and soil conditions in the region of Caracal Plain.Precocity of hybrids, blooming period, productivity elements and STAS grainÂ production parameters are investigated and analyzed in the experiences carried out duringÂ 2013 - 2014 using vegetable creations from companies` representative in Romania forÂ rape crops.Â The assortment of hybrids tested capitalized very well the climatic conditions of theÂ area, generating productions between 3200 and 4100 kg/ha, values obtained as theÂ average of two years of experimentation, with a small variations of production, whichÂ highlights the stability of production and hence quality of the vegetable creations marketedÂ by firms whose portfolio contain

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015196RESEARCH REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME RAPE HYBRIDSCULTIVATED IN CARACAL PLAINMATEI GHEORGHE1, PETRESCU EUGEN2, BĂBEANU CRISTINA3,DODOCIOIU ANA MARIA41 University of Craiova, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technologies.E-mail matei.gheorghe@gmail.com2 ARDS Caracal – University of Craiova3 University of Craiova – Department of Chemistry4 University of Craiova – Department of Horticulture and Food ScienceKey words: rape, hybrids, yieldsABSTRACTThe paper aims is to draw the attention of specialists in agriculture and farmers,especially those from the area of influence of the Agricultural Research DevelopmentStation Caracal, of the importance of choosing hybrids of rape, taking in account theclimate and soil conditions in the region of Caracal Plain.Precocity of hybrids, blooming period, productivity elements and STAS grainproduction parameters are investigated and analyzed in the experiences carried out during2013 - 2014 using vegetable creations from companies’ representative in Romania forrape crops.The assortment of hybrids tested capitalized very well the climatic conditions of thearea, generating productions between 3200 and 4100 kg/ha, values obtained as theaverage of two years of experimentation, with a small variations of production, whichhighlights the stability of production and hence quality of the vegetable creations marketedby firms whose portfolio contain.INTRODUCTIONOne of the most important way to obtain high and qualitative yields at all the cropsand especially on autumn rape, is to use the new genotypes (varieties and hybrids) withhigh potential of production (Ceapoiu, 1984; Oplinger, 2011; Buzdugan, 2013).The obtained genetic progress to new varieties and hybrids of rape create, latelyexceed with 10-25% old vegetable creations, as at the output level of quality and in termsof physiological and valuable productions. (Fluerașu, 2006; Diaconu, 2006).The great diversity and ongoing renewal of the range of varieties and hybrids ofrape make so complex the research of the most valuable structure of the genotypes onrape crop for each areal of cultivation in Romania (CETIOM, 2011; Seyis, 2010).In these conditions, at Agricultural Research Development Station Caracal wasinitiated a complex research related the most valuable hybrids of colza which have thehighest efficiency in using the climate factors from area. The optimization of hybridsstructure represent a one of the most important decisions in technique of the rapecultivation because the final purpose is to ensure an equilibrate structure capable to use allthe vegetation factors to obtain yields in accordance with market requirements (Săulescu,1984; Cramer 1990).MATERIAL AND METHODSThe research was carried out on the Agricultural Research Development StationCaracal, during 2013 and 2014 years, using hybrids from portfolio of the most importantCompanies who provide seeds of rape for farmers located in Caracal Plain.As a genetic material we use:Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015197 Hybrids from BAYER Company:o BAGIRAo BELANAo HERKULESo JUNPERo JENIFER Hybrids from EURALIS Company:o NEPUNEo JASONo CENTURIOo DANUBEo MERCURE Hybrids from KWS Company:o TRIANGLEo TASSILOo BRUTUSo TURANo TRAVIATAAll those 15 rape hybrids were sown in each experimented year having as previousplant winter wheat. The sowing time was in the first decade of September and the harvesttime was in the first decade of July. As a density of plants we use 65 seeds per squaremeter.As a fertilizers we apply in autumn chemical complexes of NPK (N18 P46 K0) of 200kg/ha commercial product and in spring time another 250 kg/ha NH4NO3.During the vegetation were applied an irrigation of 50 mm to stimulate theemergency of plants.All obtained yields were calculated at 9% humidity of seeds in accordance withStandards.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONResults regarding the precocity of hybrids on blooming timeRelated to this aspect we can say that the results registered and presented in figure1 and figure 2, the early hybrid in each experimented year was BAGIRA, which in bothyears has start to bloom with a day earlier that the control – BELANA hybrid.Figure 1 – Blooming time and differences in days in comparison with control (Belana hybrid) in 2013-1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5BAGIRAHERKULESJENIFERJASONDANUBETRIANGLEBRUTUSTRAVIATABlooming time +/- days related control2013Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015198Figure 2 – Blooming time and differences in days in comparison with control (Belana hybrid) in 2014For starting blooming stage rape has need almost 300oC and this accumulationinfluence the duration of the stage. In normal conditions for winter rape this stage isrealized in 20 to 40 days if we taking in account the daily degree accumulation (Buzdugan,2013). In the two experimented years, related control, the majority of the hybrids had ablooming start with 1 to 4 days later than the BELANA hybrid, this moment beinginfluenced by the climatic conditions of the year and the genetically background. Fromthose hybrids CENTURIO was the latest in 2014.With the same period of blooming start as control we registered TASSILO andHERCULES hybrids (figure 1 and 2).The height of the plants (figure 3) – was another objective that we observe in theexperiment. This feature is important for the production elements because the plantsgrown continuously until and stops when the last flowers going to bloom (Helm, 1996).From this point of view, in the experiment the highest plants, in average on the 2013and 2014 years, were observed at JENIFER hybrid, followed by CENTURIO and JASONhybrids. At the opposite side the smallest plant were obtained at TURAN, TRAVIATA andHERCULES hybrids.Figure 3 – Height of rape hybrids in average 2013-2014-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5BAGIRAHERKULESJENIFERJASONDANUBETRIANGLEBRUTUSTRAVIATABlooming time +/- days related control2014166,5160 158162,5175,5161172 173,5167,5163 162,5 165169155,5 157145150155160165170175180Height cmAnalele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015199Number of branches/hybrid (figure 4) – is generally between 5 to 12 and isinfluenced by the nutritional space – density of plants/square meter (Canola Council ofCanada, 2011; Muntean, 2008; Cramer, 1990), but also by the level of nutrients in soil atspring moment of growing debut (Buzdugan, 2013).The branches were formed from lateral buds, under the leafs on the principal stalkof plants (Buzdugan, 2013; Triboi, Blondel, 1998). Those buds will generate 1 to 4 leavesand inflorescences.In the winter experimented rape sortiment, the highest number of branches wereregistered at control – BELANA hybrid, with an average of two years of 9.5 branches. As itcan be easily observed in the figure 4, the majority of rape hybrids were registered over 7branches/plant, high values obtained at TASSILO, DANUBE and NEPTUNE hybrids andlowest value at CENTURIO hybrid. The trend line on the sortiment were situated at 7.8branches/hybrid.Figure 4 – Number of branches at rape hybrids in average 2013-2014Figure 5 – Number of pods/plant at rape hybrids in average 2013-20147,59,58878,57,568,57,57,58,58880 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BAGIRABELANA - controlHERKULESJUNPERJENIFERNEPTUNEJASONCENTURIODANUBEMERCURETRIANGLETASSILOBRUTUSTURANTRAVIATANumber of branches0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350BAGIRAHERKULESJENIFERNEPTUNECENTURIOMERCURETRIANGLEBRUTUSTRAVIATA291299294292295294,2254271214298281263,6250313267239255264,8AVERAGE PODS/PLANTAnalele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015200The number of pods/plant (figure 5) at rape hybrids varied generally between 200to 400, but in some conditions can range 800 (Diaconu, 2004; Buzdugan, 2013). Each podcan have 10 to 25 seeds and sometimes even 25 to 40 (Alpman, 2006; Muntean, 2008).In years less favorable from precipitations point of view, the pods formed from theinflorescences grows in the first 15 days on the main stalk and those formed on the firstthree branches has good chances to range maturity (Canola Growers Manual, 2011;Alpman, 2006).The number of pods/plant varied between 214 at CENTURIO hybrid and 313pods/plant at TASSILO hybrid. The most homogene hybrids from this point of view arethose with the provenience from BAYER Company, with small differences between them.This feature shows that from the genetically point of view is an stable and uniformcharacter - in terms of productivity - and in the conditions of Caracal Plain, the average pertwo years was 294.2 pods/plant.The hybrids from KWS and EURALIS Companies has registered an average of264.8 and respectively 263.6 pods/plant (figure 5).Taking in account the productivity elements – number of pods/plant and number ofbranches – was determined a correlation between them, with R2 of 0.3133, which ispresented in figure 6.Figure 6 – Correlations between pods/plant and branches/plant at rape hybridsin average 2013-2014The yields obtained, in average on the experimented years, were very good forthe climatic condition in the Caracal Plain and varied between 3203 kg/ha at JENIFERhybrid and 4143 kg/ha obtained at JASON hybrid (figure 7).The average yields on entire experiment was 3615 kg/ha and related to this valuewith significant increases in production were registered the follow hybrids: JASON,MERCURE, TURAN, NEPTUNE and JUNPER.The hybrids JENIFER, BRUTUS and TRANGLE prove to be more sensible to theclimatic conditions of the area with productions between 3200 to 3400 kg/ha.If we take in account the provenience of the hybrids (figure 8) we can say thatthe average value of production varied between 3494 kg/ha registered at hybrids fromBAYER Company to 3542 kg/ha on hybrids from KWS Company and 3805 kg/ha athybrids from EURALIS Company.y = -4,8368x2 + 93,178x - 156,66R² = 0,31330501001502002503003500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10pods/plantbranches/plantAnalele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015201Figure 7 – Yields (kg/ha) at rape hybrids in average 2013-2014Figure 8 – Yields (kg/ha) at rape hybrids related theirproveniences (Companies) - average 2013-20140500100015002000250030003500400045003568 3492 3586 36213203373541433576 348740863375 3486 333840943416yield kg/ha362134943203414338053487409435413338y = 2,25x + 36250 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500HIGHESTAVERAGELOWESTHIGHESTAVERAGELOWESTHIGHESTAVERAGELOWESTBAYEREURALISKWSYield kg/haAnalele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 2015202CONCLUSIONSThe registered expansion of winter rape crop in the last 10 years in Romania, from50 000 ha to almost 500 000 ha, with special value of utilization, involves in the same timethe continuous improvement of cultivation technology and this preoccupation must be apriority for all the researchers.From the above presented study on rape hybrids which are presented in the marketby the BAYER, EURALIS and KWS Companies we can concentrate few conclusion, asfollow: All the tested hybrids commercialized by BAYER, EURALIS and KWSCompanies had a very good behavior in the climate condition of Caracal Plain inboth experimented years 2013 and 2014; Related to the physiological features the tested hybrids registered good rhythmof development of plants, with an average high over 155 cm and a number ofbranches/plant of 7.8; From the point of view of production, the number of pods/plant ranged between214 and 313 pods/plant, with a more homogeneity observed at hybrids fromBAYER Company; As a registered yields, we can say that the tested areal proved to be one with ahigh favorability for winter rape crops; The average of productions in two years was 3615 kg/ha with highest level  of4143 kg/ha obtained at JASON hybrid – commercialized by EURALIS Company; With high potential of production we note the follow hybrids: MERCURE,TURAN and NEPTUNE which belongs also to EURALIS Company;BIBLIOGRAPHY1. ALPMAN L. 2006 – Aussaat, Raps-Anbau und Verwertung einer KulturmitPerspective. Land wirtscharftvelag GmnH, 48084 Munster.2. BEREA N., 1998 – Contribuţii la cuantificarea efectului epocii de semănat asupraduratei principalelor fenofaze şi producţiei la câteva soiuri de rapiţă (Brassica napusL. Ssp. Oleifera Metz), la S.C.A.Z. Secuieni – Neamţ. Teza de doctorat. Iaşi.3. BUZDUGAN L. 2013 – Rapița de toamnă. Editura Academiei Române.4. CETIOM 2011 – Colza d’hiver. CETIOM Colza.5. DIACONU, PETRE , 2000 – Rapiţa – o plantă ,,invertita genetic,,. USAMVBiucureşti6. DIACONU P., 2006 – Genotpuri performante recomandate la rapița de toamnăpentru ulei cu utilizări multiple, AN. INCDA Fundulea, Vol LXXIII.7. GENS JUHUA şi colab., 1999 – An approach to plant population and nitrogenfertilizer application to the new rape cultivar Gaoyou 605, Field Crop Abstract, vol.52, 2, pag. 2918. HUHN M., 1999 – A general approach to determine the effect of accuracy of sowingtechnique on yield per area, Field Crop Abstract, vol. 52, nr.29. OPLINGER E. and oth., 2011 – Canola (Rapeseed) Alternative Fields CropsManual. Retrieved March 15.10.SEYIS F. and oth., 2010 – Yield of Brassica napus L. hybrids deveped usingresynthesised rapeseed material. Anadolu J. Agric. Sci. 25 (3): 159-167.11.PRADHAN A.C. şi colab., 1999 – Effect of sowing time and nutrient managementon growith and yield of rapesed at terai region of west Bengal, Field Crop Abstract,vol.52, 7, pag. 701

RESEARCH REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME RAPE HYBRIDS CULTIVATED IN CARACAL PLAIN

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RESEARCH REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME RAPE HYBRIDS CULTIVATED IN CARACAL PLAIN

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series