This paper presents a study on the dynamics of the tractors and agriculturalÂ machinery based on data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentÂ and the National Institute of Statistics. There are, also, presented issues regarding newÂ and used agricultural machinery market, and solutions to the renewal of tractors andÂ agricultural machinery

Alexandru, Tudor

Boruz, Sorin

Glodeanu, Mihnea

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201520STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE PARK OF TRACTORS ANDAGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN ROMANIASORIN BORUZ, MIHNEA GLODEANU, TUDOR ALEXANDRU,E-mail: boruz.sorin@gmail.comKeywords: structure, tractors, machinery, marketABSTRACTThis paper presents a study on the dynamics of the tractors and agriculturalmachinery based on data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmentand the National Institute of Statistics. There are, also, presented issues regarding newand used agricultural machinery market, and solutions to the renewal of tractors andagricultural machinery.INTRODUCTIONIn Romania there are almost 4 million farms, which means one third from the totalnumber of farms in EU, the particularity of them being the fact that they are very small(according to Eurostat data). The large farms – of over 100 ha – have an insignificantshare, of 0.3% of the total number of farms in Romania (13.700 of 3.9 million), the averagein EU being much higher, of 2.7%. In agriculture work about one third of the countrypopulation and this sector is vulnerable, thye yields depending, each year, by the weatherconditions. Eurostat data reveal the fact that the average surface of a farm is 3.4 ha inRomania, very small as compared with Great Britain (90 ha) and Czech Republic (152 ha).Though the average surface of a farm is small, in our country the farms of over 100 hahave an important share, of over 40% of the farming land.In Romania, the statistics about machinery show a fleet of over 600.000 units,including tractors, plows, trailers, etc. Data from Ministry of Agriculture indicate that almost75% of machinery overpassed the normal lifespan of functioning. As regard the annualtrade of new machinery, the cumulated figure that includes tractors and combines add upabout 3.000 unities while in large markets from western countries it reaches tens ofthousands per year.MATERIAL AND METHODThis research is a statistical analysis of data regarding the tractors and machineryfleet for 1990-2014 period. The primary data have been taken from MADR and INS sites.These data have been statistically processed with the goal of observing the dynamics andthe actual regional situation of the tractors and machinery fleet.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSOltenia is one of 8 regions of development established at national level on the basisof Chapter 21 „Regional policy and structural coordination instruments”, in 2000 year,being a specific territorial unit without administrative status or legal personality, afterEuropean Classification of Territorial Units (ECTU), according with communitary aquis [7].The South – Western Region Oltenia includes 5 counties: Dolj, Olt, Gorj, Mehedinti andValcea [6] (fig. 1).Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201521Fig. 1 – Counties of Oltenia Region (source: INSSE [6])From data collected at MADR, at the end of 2013 year, in machinery fleet fromRomania there were recorded 191.301 tractors, 24.622 combines for cereals harvesting,152.031 plows, 92.118 disk harrows, 74.805 drillers of diverse types, 10.225 balers,85.818 trailers for tractor, etc. (table 1, figure 2).After an analysis of these data there can be concluded the following: In South – Western Region Oltenia there are recorded 24.5 thousand tractors; In Dolj and Olt counties there are, approximately 7 thousands tractors in everycounty and in every county of Gorj, Mehedinti and Valcea there are about 3.5thousand tractors; About 71.3% of the total number of recorded tractors have overpassed thelifespan (payed off); The highest paying of degree with recorded tractors (over 80%) is found inSouth – Western region; In Mehedinti, Olt and Valcea counties the share of payed off tractors is over85%; About 65.8% of the total number of combines for harvesting cereals haveoverpassed the functioning normal lifespan; The paying off degree of the combines fleet is over 69% in South – Westernregion yet in other regions from the country this figure is under the countryaverage; The theoretical average load per tractor is of 49.10 ha arable/tractor; The theoretical average load per combine for harvesting cereals, at the peak ofworking period is of 108.80 ha/combine; The tractors of 61-79 HP range share is significant within the fleet (56.2%),followed by 45 HP tractor (24.5%); The estimated available power of the tractor fleet at country level is over 12.5million HP (about 1.34 HP/ha arable). About 55.2% of the power is ensured bythe tractors of 61-79 HP range.Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201522Table 1The situation of tractor and machinery fleet at 31.12.2013County Tractors CombinesforcerealsPlows Machinery forspreadingamendmentsDiskharrowsDrillers forcerealsPrecisiondrillersMachineryforherbicidesprayingBalers TrailersfortractorDolj 7419 1871 6335 305 4402 2249 2291 774 196 3339Gorj 3483 393 2734 0 1741 469 726 270 60 840Mehedinți 3516 550 2798 106 1980 832 950 150 20 1540Olt 6603 1182 6130 805 3709 1978 1796 1130 282 2773Vâlcea 3842 260 2393 24 1149 315 460 335 37 1198South – Western region Oltenia 24863 4256 20390 1240 12981 8043 6223 2659 595 9690Romania 191301 24622 152031 9044 92118 36971 37834 24203 10225 85818(after INS data)Fig. 2 Theoretical load per tractor and combine for harvesting cereals and the age of the fleet on regions at 31.12.2014(http://statistici.insse.ro/shop/index.jsp?page=tempo3&lang=ro&ind=AGR103A)Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201523Table 2The comparative situation 1990-2014 of the tractor and machinery fleetRegion Dolj Gorj Mehedinti Olt ValceaSouth –Western RegionOlteniaRomaniaYear 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014Tractors 6200 7716 1515 3513 2832 3519 4744 6658 1701 3893 16992 25299 127065 193120Plows 5213 6248 916 2750 1769 2798 3307 6174 992 2483 12197 20453 73159 156964Cultivators 1797 1666 174 346 596 496 1472 616 152 112 4191 3236 27339 29562Mechanical drillers 2010 4506 341 1215 780 1782 1686 3825 286 1461 5103 12789 35778 76301Spraying and spreading machinery withmechanical driving 944 118 247 21 455 26 542 39 272 7 2460 211 14991 5315Self – propulsed combines for cerealharvesting 2843 1256 393 410 852 550 1931 1318 276 244 6295 3778 40695 25694Self – propulsed combines for fodderharvesting 191 23 62 - 101 - 186 5 59 5 599 33 5569 868Combines and machinery for potatoharvesting 109 5 34 1 44 - 20 2 17 1 224 9 2998 5122Balers for straw and hay 1127 292 196 65 417 20 890 280 184 39 2814 696 21706 10871Mowers for fodders 189 60 64 10 94 182 38 47 11 576 119 4981 1217(Source: National Institute for Statistics)Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201524Fig. 3 Comparative representation 1990-2014 of the situation of tractors and machinery fleet.According with a Kleffmann Group study, taking account all farms from Romania,only 8% have tractors, 1% combines and 4% drillers and spraying or spreading equipment.The differences between farms are evident: the large farms have a large machinery fleetas compared with small farms. If we exclude the farms under 3 hectares, the percent offarms that have machinery increases from 8% to 31% with the case of tractors, to 9% withthe case of combines for cereals, 23% of farms with over 3 ha have drillers and 20% offarms have machinery for spraying.The tractors are most found, both on small and average farms yet in large farms,too, major differences being recorded as regard the power. Though the farms with lessthan 3 ha have one third of tractor fleet – 90% of machinery have an age and a lifespan ofover 10 years, being, already payed off. The number of combines from farms that haveless than 30 ha is not significant.Fig. 4 Types of owned machinery – on farm size categories(source - Kleffmann Group study)Though in the last years farmers have invested considerable sums of money fromtheir own money, estate grants or credits for renewal the machinery fleet, in the present0500001000001500002000001990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014 1990 2014Dolj Gorj Mehedinti Olt Valcea  SV Oltenia RomaniaTractoare agricole fizice Pluguri pentru tractorCultivatoare mecanice Semanatori mecaniceMasini de stropit si prafuit cu tractiune mecanica Combine autopropulsate pentru recoltat cerealeCombine autopropulsate pentru recoltat furaje Combine si masini pentru recoltat cartofiPrese pentru balotat paie si fan Vindrovere pentru furajeAnalele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture,Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLV 201525time almost 80% of equipment in farms are older than 10 years. The investment in newtechnique has been made, especially, by large farms that have a high potential.The following programs have included the help for farmers to buy new tractors,harvesting combines, machineries, equipment and accessories, software: SAPARDProgram, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) (a financeopportunity for Romanian rural area, accounting about 7.5 billion euros, beginning with2007 till 2013).The 121 Measure „The modernization of farms” from PNDR has included eligibleexpenses, among many other, the acquisition of leasing of new tractors, harvestingcombines, equipments, instalations and accessories, software which were identified asrequired by feasibility study. Also, there could be taken not reambursable funds for theacquisition of agricultural equipment by 112 Measure - „The settlement of young farmers”and 312 Measure „The creation and development of micro enterprises”.The program of stimulation of renewal of the national self – propulsed machineryfleet (Jalopy Program) – the funding is done by the Administration of Environment Fundand is unfolded annually, in the limit of sums provided with this destination by annualbudget.The most sold are the tractor whose price ranges between 30.000 – 50.000 eurosand have engines of 60-85 HP. The market of new tractors in Romania is less than 2.000units/year.CONCLUSIONSAnalyzing the presented data, we can conclude:- The almost 4 million farms in Romania (one third of European number of farms)have had at the end of 2014 year 193.120 tractors as compared with 127.065units at the end of 1990. These tractors belong to several power classes. Theestimated available power of the tractor fleet at country level is over 12.5 millionHP (about 1.34 HP/ha arable);- At the end of 2014 year there were recorded 25.694 combines for cereals, ascompared with 40.695 units at the end of 1990 year. About 70% of the combinesfrom Romanian farms have overpassed the function lifespan;- The number of plows designed for bases tillage has increased from 73.159 unitsin 1990 year to 156.964 units in 2014;- The number of precision drillers and for cereals has increased, also, from35.778 units in 1990 year to 76.301 units in 2014;- The funding programs from European funds yet the credits and grants havedetermined the renewal of tractor and machinery fleet but the investment was,especially made by large farms, in the present time 80% of machinery are olderthan 10 years.BIBLIOGRAPHY[1]Glodeanu Mihnea, Alexandru Tudor, Boruz Sorin, Sărăcin Ion, Mașini agricole șihorticole - tipuri reprezentative, reglaje - Editura Sitech, Craiova, 258 pg., 2015.[2]Bădescu M., Alexandru T., Glodeanu M., Boruz S., Maşini agricole şi horticole,Editura Sitech, Craiova, 218 pg., 2005[3]http://statistici.insse.ro/shop/index.jsp?page=tempo3&lang=ro&ind=AGR103A[4]http://www.romanialibera.ro/actualitate/eveniment/piata-de-utilaje-agricole-in-crestere-in-romana-romania-318765[5]http://www.madr.ro/culturi-de-camp/situatia-parcului-de-tractoare-si-masini-agricole.html[6] www.insse.ro/regions[7]www.madr.ro/pages/dezvoltare_rurala/NRDP-consolidated-version-31.03.2009.pdf.

STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE PARK OF TRACTORS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN ROMANIA

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STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE PARK OF TRACTORS AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN ROMANIA

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series