In this paper are presented 10 new synthetic cultivars of alfalfa, created at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea. These are result of alfalfa breeding programme in order to create synthetic cultivars with hight yield potential, high quality and good adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. Testing was conducted at C.A.R.D.S. over two years, 2012-2013, under irrigation conditions. In these conditions, new cultivars of alfalfa F 2209-12 and F 2225-12 proved superior to production of fodder and protein per unit area, making an yield of over 15 t/ha dry matter and 3200-3500 kg/ha crude protein

Cotiga, Constantin

Lacusteanu, Tudor

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIII 2013  193  RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF NEW VARIETIES OF ALFALFA AT CARACAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION                                       LACUSTEANU TUDOR* , COTIGA CONSTANTIN** * University of Craiova,Caracal Agricultural Research and Development Station **University of Craiova, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture  Key words: alfalfa, synthetic cultivars, forage yield, fodder crude protein.  ABSTRACT In this paper are presented 10 new synthetic cultivars of alfalfa, created at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea. These are result of alfalfa breeding programme in order to create synthetic cultivars with hight yield potential, high quality and good adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. Testing was conducted at C.A.R.D.S. over two years, 2012-2013, under irrigation conditions. In these conditions, new cultivars of alfalfa F 2209-12 and F 2225-12 proved superior to production of fodder and protein per unit area, making an yield of over 15 t/ha dry matter and 3200-3500 kg/ha crude protein.  INTRODUCTION Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is the main fodder plant from Romania. During 1938-2012, area occupied by this species ranged between 136 300 and 442 000 ha, which represented 29.7 to 31.6% of the forage base structure, our country being present in large countries growing alfalfa rankings by U.S.A. , Argentina, Italy.  Alfalfa crop has numerous benefits, namely: it exploits 3-5 years, achieve high yields of forage (14 to 20 tonnes dry matter per hectare in intensive system), has high crude protein content (19-21%), in addition plays an important role in crop rotation as “ameliorative sola”.  Great importance that he had and has this species for agriculture in general and livestock in particular, led to the development of research in the creation of new varieties and the development of crop technologies for over 55 years.  In the period 2000-2009 were created at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea 15 alfalfa varieties of which 10 of them are the subject of this paper.  MATERIAL AND METHOD  Genotypes presented in this paper are synthetic varieties created by the polycross method. Cultivars that are the subject of this paper are: Magnat, Daniela, Madalina, Sandra, Catinca, Roxana, F 2209-12, F 2210-12, F 2220-12, F 2225-12 (table 1). Table 1 10 Alfalfa varieties created at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea Variety Registration year Variety Registration year Applied waterings (60 mm/watering) 2012 2013 Magnat 1996 Roxana 2009 Cutting I  - 0 Cutting I -  0 Daniela 2000 F 2209-12 New synthetic varieties that are being tested Cutting II - 2 Cutting II - 0 Madalina 2002 F 2210-12 Cutting III- 3 Cutting III - 2 Sandra 2003 F 2220-12  Cutting IV - 1 Catinca 2006 F 2225-12    The trials were carried out by randomized block method with a sown area of 15 sqm / plot and 10 sqm harvested, in irrigated system. Data processing was done by adequate statistical methods (Ceapoiu, 1968).   Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIII 2013  194  RESULTS  AND DISCUSSIONS  Climate change has been made increasingly felt in recent decades, manifested by alternating high temperature and especially rainfall, lead to disruption of physiological mechanisms of plant, which was found to reduce yields. For these reasons, identification of new genotypes of forage, and especially alfalfa with genetic characteristics that give them a better adaptability, in which production decreases in such climatic conditions are reduced, it is particularly opportun. Of course, the variety or hybrid is known as the most important technological component in increasing yield stability and does not entail additional costs for yield growth. Add to these crop technologies that, under irrigation, can help reduce the impact of climate change. This fact  is demonstrated by the results obtained in the period 2012-2013 by testing 4 new varieties of alfalfa with five varieties officially registered in the period 2000-2009 . All is compared with Magnat (Control variety).  Alfalfa is known as a species highly resistant to drought (Petcu and colab., 2010; Maria Schitea, 2010) but use very efficient irrigation water in adverse weather conditions. This is demonstrated by the results obtained from A.R.D.S. Caracal in the three years of testing.               Figure 1. Rainfall recorded at A.R.D.S. Caracal in 2012-2013   In the year 2012, a particularly dry year (Figure 1) due to very high temperatures (Figure 2), applying 2 watering at the cutting I and II, in the first year of vegetation (Table 2), obtained yields were beetwen 51.1 and 60.6 tonnes/ha green mass, respectively 9.7-12.2 tonnes/ha dry matter. Besides Sandra and Madalina varieties, that were noted in previous tests, the new varieties developed at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea achieved yields between 11.3 and 12.2 tonnes / ha dry matter, exceeding by 16.5 to 25.8% Magnat variety. On top were F 2225-12 and F 2209-12.     Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIII 2013  195   Figure 2. Temperatures recorded at A.R.D.S. Caracal in 2012-2013  In 2013, a year when drought was not so pronounced like in 2012, using two waterings at the cutting III and one watering at the cutting IV, in the second year of vegetation, obtained yields were between 82.2 and 103.3 tonnes / ha green mass, respectively 15.6 to 19.2 tonnes / ha dry matter (Table 3).                                 Table  2 Yield of green mass and dry matter obtained by alfalfa varieties in the first year -2012  Variety Green mass yield (t/ha) Dry matter yield (t/ha) Cutting I Cutting II Cutting III Total (t/ha) % Control Cutting I Cutting II Cutting III Total (t/ha) % Control F 2225-12 19,8 23,5 17,3 60,6 118,6 3,7 4,7 3,8 12,2 125,8 F 2209-12 19,3 23,0 16,5 58,8 115,1 3,6 4,6 3,6 11,8 121,6 F 2220-12 18,5 23,3 17,0 58,8 115,1 3,5 4,6 3,7 11,8 121,6 SANDRA 18,8 23,5 16,5 58,8 115,1 3,5 4,6 3,6 11,7 120,6 MADALINA 18,5 23,0 15,5 54,0 105,7 3,4 4,5 3,4 11,3 116,5 F 2210-12 18,3 22,8 16,0 57,1 111,7 3,5 4,4 3,4 11,3 116,5 CATINCA 17,5 22,5 15,5 55,5 108,6 3,2 4,4 3,4 11,0 113,4 ROXANA 19,5 21,8 14,8 56,1 109,8 3,6 4,1 3,3 11,0 113,4 DANIELA 18,3 21,5 14,5 54,3 106,3 3,4 4,1 3,1 10,6 109,3 MAGNAT 17,3 20,3 13,5 51,1 100,0 3,0 3,9 2,8 9,7 100,0 Average 18,6 22,5 15,7 56.5 110,6 3,4 4,4 3,4 11,2 115,9   DL 5 %                         2,6        5,0            0,6       5,7  DL 1 %                        3,6         7,1                       0,7       7,2  DL 0,1 %                        4,9         9,5            0,9       9,6                    Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIII 2013  196  Table 3 Yield of green mass and dry matter obtained by alfalfa varieties in the second year -2013  Variety Green mass yield (t/ha) Rel. yield % Dif. t/ha Sem Dry matter yield (t/ha) Rel. yield % Dif. t/ha Sem Cutting Total Cutting Total I II III IV I II III IV Magnat 31.0 17.7 18.0 15.5 82.2 100 Mt. - 5.7 3.3 3.5 3.1 15.6 100 Mt. - Daniela 36.0 17.7 18.3 16.0 88.3 107 6.1 X 6.6 3.3 3.5 3.0 16.4 105 0.8 - Madalina 35.0 17.3 20.7 16.0 89.0 108 6.8 XX 6.4 3.2 3.9 3.1 16.6 106 1.0 X Sandra 36.0 19.3 21.3 17.7 93.3 113 11.1 XXX 6.6 3.4 4.0 3.5 17.5 112 1.9 XXX Catinca 32.3 17.3 19.3 15.7 84.6 103 2.4 - 6.0 3.2 3.6 3.1 15.9 102 0.3 - Roxana  37.0 19.0 21.0 17.3 94.3 115 12.1 XXX 6.8 3.5 3.9 3.4 17.6 113 2.0 XXX F 2209-12 41.3 21.7 22.0 18.3 103.3 126 21.1 XXX 7.5 4.0 4.1 3.6 19.2 123 3.6 XXX F 2210-12 35.0 19.0 19.6 17.0 90.6 110 8.4 XXX 6.3 3.5 3.7 3.3 16.8 108 1.2 XX F 2220-12 35.6 18.6 20.0 17.3 88.2 107 6.0 X 6.5 3.4 3.7 3.4 17.0 109 1.4 XX F 2225-12 37.7 21.0 21.7 17.7 98.1 119 15.9 XXX 6.9 3.9 4.0 3.5 18.3 117 2.7 XXX DL  5 %          4.7    5.7           1.0    6.4        DL  1 %          6.2    7.5                                                      1.3    8.3        DL  0.1 %           8.1    9.9           1.6  10.3  This year, in addition to varieties Sandra and Roxana, new varieties were noted by the green mass yield between 88.8 and 103.2 tonnes / ha, respectively 16.8 and 19.2 tonnes / ha dry matter, exceeding control variety by 8-23%. On top were situated  F 2225-12 and F 2210-12 In the figures 3 and 4 we can see the superiority of the new alfalfa varieties toward Magnat variety, both at green mass yield as well as dry matter yield.  Figure 3. Yield of green mass obtained by the new alfalfa varieties, A.R.D.S. Caracal 2012-2013   Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIII 2013  197   Figure 4. Yield of dry matter obtained by the new alfalfa varieties, A.R.D.S. Caracal 2012-2013  Table 4 Yield of dry matter and pure protein obtained by alfalfa varieties Average of two years (2012-2013)   Variety Dry matter Pure protein t/ha % % from  d.m. kg/ha %  Control F 2209-12 15.5 122 22.7 3.518 136.7 F 2225-12 15.3 120.5 21.17 3.228 125.4 Sandra 14.6 114.9 21.97 3.208 124.6 F 2220-12 14.4 113.4 21.13 3.043 118.2 Roxana 14.3 112.6 20.9 2.989 116.1 F 2210-12 14.1 111.0 20.85 2.929 113.8 Catinca 13.5 106.3 21.71 2.920 113.4 Madalina 14.1 110.2 20.84 2.907 112.9 Daniela 13.5 106.3 21.07 2.845 110.5 Magnat 12.7 100.0 20.35 2.574 100.0 AVERAGE 14.2 111.72 21.27 3016.1 117.16  In qualitative terms, from data presented in Table 4, we can see the superiority of the new varieties. The percentage of crude protein is 10.5 -36.7%, higher than the control variety. It highlights the varieties F 2209-12, F 2225-12 and Sandra that exceed the control variety with 24.6-36.7%. Crude protein yield is comprised between 3208-3518 kg / ha. Compared to the average, the control variety  is lower with 17.16%      Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLIII 2013  198  CONCLUSIONS   The 10 varieties of alfalfa  presented in this paper are created at N.A.R.D.I. Fundulea and are completed results of selection for improved forage quality, high yield of forage and seed and good adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions;  Respond very well to the specific conditions of the Olt Plain  and make a better use of irrigation water;  On average of two years of testing (2012-2013), the behavior of the best varieties have a new F 2209-12 and F 2225-12, which achieved over 15 t / ha dry matter and 3200-3500 kg / ha crude protein, 20-36% exceeding the control variety;  Proving good adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, new varieties of alfalfa are suitable for cultivation both in the intensive technology and clasic technology.  BIBLIOGRAPHY  1. Cepoiu, N.,1968 – Metode statistice aplicate in  experientele agricole si biologice, Editura Agrosilvica, Bucuresti. 2. Constantinescu  E., Schitea  Maria , Dihoru Alexandrina, Hagima  Ioana,  1999, - Comportarea unor soiuri de lucerna in Sud-Estul Olteniei , Anale ICCPT, vol.LXVI; 79-88. 3. Schitea Maria, Varga Paul, Martura Teodor, Petcu Elena, Dragan Lenuta, Oprea Georgeta, Dihoru Alexandrina,  2010,  - Results in alfalfa breeding  at  NARDI Fundulea,  Proceeding of the XII International Symposium on Forage  Crops Of Republic of Serbia, 26-28 May, Krusevac, Serbia, vol. 26, spec. issue “ Biotechnology in animal husbandry, pag. 117-126.  ISSN 1450-9156. 4. Petcu Elena,  Schitea Maria, Dragan Lenuta, Epure Cirstea Valentin, 2010, - SCREENING ROMANIAN ALFALFA GERMOPLASM FOR SALT AND WATER STRESS,  Proceeding of the XII International Symposium on Forage Crops of  Republiuc of Serbia, 26-28 May, Krusevac, Serbia, vol., 26, spec. issue “ Biotechnology in animal husbandry, pag. 81-86, ISSN 1450-9156. 5. Schitea Maria, 2010, - Rezultate in ameliorarea lucernei la INCDA Fundulea  in perioada 2000-2009, Anale INCDA, vol. LXXVIII, nr.2, 63-78.   

RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF NEW VARIETIES OF ALFALFA AT CARACAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION

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RESULTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF NEW VARIETIES OF ALFALFA AT CARACAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STATION

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series