In the last two years broomrape became more and more agresive in favorable area for sunflower crop. Because of that, we must tested in every year in natural and artificial condition many genotypes of sunflower to identify new sources of resistance at races of broomrape present in this Braila area. We tested 20 genotypes created at NARDI Fundulea, in artificial conditions, in the greenhouse in 2017 (broomrape collected from Braila County, Chiscani locality) and under natural conditions in year 2017 on the field of ARDS Braila (Braila County, Chiscani locality), where is races of broomrape more then G and H

ANTON, F.G.

PĂCUREANU JOIŢA, M.

RÎŞNOVEANU, L.

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLVIII/2018  16  DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITE BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.) IN BRAILA COUNTY IN YEARS 2016 AND 2017  Anton F.G. (1,2), Păcureanu Joiţa M. (1) and Rîşnoveanu L. (3,4) (1) National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, 1 Nicolae Titulescu, Fundulea, Calarasi County, 915200, Romania  e-mail: gabi22mai@yahoo.com, mariapacureanu2@yahoo.com, tina@ricic.ro (2) University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Biotehnology, 59 Mărăşti Blvd, District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania,  (3) Agricultural Research Development Station  Braila, Viziru km. 9 street, Braila, Braila County, 818008, Romania,  (4) „Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Engineering and Agronomy Faculty of Braila-Agronomy Center for Research and Consultancy and Environment „Lunca”, 29 Calarasi, Braila, Braila County, 810017, Romania,  email: luxita_risnoveanu@yahoo.co.uk  Keywords: sunflower, broomrape, testing, genotype  ABSTRACT                                                      In the last two years broomrape became more and more agresive in favorable area for sunflower crop. Because of that, we must tested in every year in natural and artificial condition many genotypes of sunflower to identify new sources of resistance at races of broomrape present in this Braila area. We tested 20 genotypes created at NARDI Fundulea, in artificial conditions, in the greenhouse in 2017 (broomrape collected from Brăila County, Chişcani locality) and under natural conditions in year 2017 on the field of ARDS Braila (Braila County, Chişcani locality), where is races of broomrape more then G and H.  INTRODUCTION  Broomrape parasite (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is obligate root parasitic plant and cause losses on seed yield on sunflower from 10% up to 100%, depending on attack intensity.  Soils from south east of Romania are the most favorable for broomrape on sunflower (Pacureanu Joita. M, 2014; Risnoneanu L. et al, 2016). Crop rotation don’t have any success to escape from this parasite, because can resist in soil up to 20 years without host plant. 1000 seed weight (TSW) of broomrape is 0.001 g and 1 g contain 250000 seeds (Skoric D. et al, 2012). One plant of broomrape contained 50000 seed who are transported by wind big distances (Vranceanu A., 2000).  Annual wild species are diploid and are more easy do make crossing with cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus, L. (Terzić S. et a., 2016; Seiller G. et al, 2017; Seiller G., 2018). Annual wild Helianthus argophyllus was tested for resistance to races of broomrape by many researchers (Labrousse P. et al., 2001; Christov M. et al., 2009; Anton F.G. et al., 2017). MATERIALS AND METHODS  We tested 13 experimental  sunflower hybrids, 4 interspecific hybrids,  1 sintetic population, 1 maintainer line (line B) and 1 restorer line (line C) in artificial Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLVIII/2018  17  condition in greenhouse at NARDI Fundulea in year 2017 with broomrape collected in year 2016 from Braila area and in natural condition in field infested with broomrape in area Braila in year 2017. Interspecific hybrids was obtained from crossing with wild anual specie Helianthus argophyllus. We make notation about broomrape attack at flowering time when Orobanche cumana get out from soil.  RESEARCH RESULTS   Four genotype  tested in artificial condition for resistance to broomrape from Braila area 2016 was resistant: H11, H13, SP20 and interspecific hybrid with Helianthus argophyllus  H 17 (table 1). Table 1  Result of broomrape attack in artificial condition in greenhouse in Fundulea 2017 (broomrape from area Braila 2016) No. Hybrid/Genotype Name of genotype Sunflower plant / broomrape H1 Experimental Hybrid 991A x 17*1 11/176 H2 Experimental Hybrid 1010A x 11-1C 12/216 H3 Experimental Hybrid 1010 A x 17*1 8/48 H4 Experimental Hybrid 1050 A x 17*1 6/36 H5 Experimental Hybrid 1093A x 11-1 C 12/96 H6 Experimental Hybrid 1093A x 17*1 11/22 H7 Experimental Hybrid V1633A x 17*1 9/18 H8 Experimental Hybrid 1010 A x 11-1 C 7/28 H9 Experimental Hybrid 1010 A x CepC 12/24 H10 Experimental Hybrid 1093 A x CepC 9/18 H11 Experimental Hybrid 1093Arg. A x Cep C 11/0 H12 Experimental Hybrid 1050 A x CepC 9/18 H13 Experimental Hybrid 991 A x 17*1 13/0 H14  Interspecific Hybrid 1010B x H.argophylus  9/54 H15 Interspecific Hybrid 1029B x H.argophyllus  11/66 H16  Interspecific Hybrid 1050B x H.argophyllus  12/60 H17  Interspecific Hybrid 1093B x H.argophyllus 9/0 LB18  Line B Cep B 8/112 LC19  Line C Cep  C 12/192 SP20  Synthetic population 17*1 11/0  Regarding intensity of broomrape attack in artificial condition, two experimental hybrid (H11 and H13), one interspecific hybrid (H17) and one synthetic population (SP 20) have zero plant of broomrape on sunflower plant tested. (figure 1). Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLVIII/2018  18  Broomrape from area Braila, year 201602468101214161820H1H2H3H4H5H6H7H8H9H10H11H12H13H14H15H16H17LB18LC19SP20GenotypeIntensity of broomrape attackBraila 2016 Figure 1.  Intensity of broomrape attack in artificial condition (broomrape from Braila area 2016)   In picture 1,  we present some aspect of infestation with broomrape colected from Braila area 2016, in artificial condition, in greenhouse at NARDI Fundulea.   Picture 1. Artificial infestation in greenhous in year 2017, with broomrape collected from  Braila area 2016 In year 2017, in natural condition, genotype of sunflower tested was’t resistant at broomrape from Braila where is the most virulent races of Orobanche cumana Wallr (table 2).  Table 2 Result of broomrape attack in natural condition in field in Braila area 2017 No. Hybrid/ Genotype Name of genotype Early sowing (6.04. 2017) Sunflower plant / broomrape Late sowing (1.06. 2017) Sunflower plant / broomrape H1 Experimental Hybrid 991A x 17*1 30/210 19/580 H2 Experimental Hybrid 1010A x 11-1C 31/95 16/256 H3 Experimental Hybrid 1010 A x 17*1 30/78 18/167 H4 Experimental Hybrid 1050 A x 17*1 30/150 17/220 H5 Experimental Hybrid 1093A x 11-1 C 32/142 20/274 H6 Experimental Hybrid 1093A x 17*1 36/111 15/227 H7 Experimental Hybrid V1633A x 17*1 33/105 19/480 H8 Experimental Hybrid 1010A x 11-1 C 29/247 16/454 H9 Experimental 1010A x CepC 29/361 17/354 Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLVIII/2018  19  Hybrid H 10 Experimental Hybrid 1093A x CepC 31/334 22/506 H 11 Experimental Hybrid LC1093AxH Arg. X Cep C 26/230 18/370 H 12 Experimental Hybrid 1050A x CepC 27/224 16/228 H 13 Experimental Hybrid 991A x pop.sin. C. 17*1 9/90 7/13 H 14  Interspecific Hybrid 1010B x H.argophyllus  28/340 17/183 H 15  Interspecific Hybrid 1029B x H.argophyllus  20/200 15/260 H 16  Interspecific Hybrid 1050B x H. Argophylius  13/393 17/330 H 17  Interspecific Hybrid 1093B x H. argophyllus 17/236 15/284 LB 18  Line B Cep B 13/44 22/124 LC19  Line C Cep  C 19/38 18/85 SP20  Synthetic population 17*1 27/117 11/80    In picture 2, we present some aspect of high infestation with broomrape in natural condition in Braila area 2017. There are diferences between intensity of broomrape attack in natural condition of infestation in Braila area 2017 betwen stage of sowing (figure 2). In case of early sowing, genotypes H2, H3, H6, H7, LB18 and LC19 have a good tolerance at broomrape attack but in case of late sowing, situation is changed and only genotypes H13 and LC19  present tolerance at broomrape attack in year 2017.    Picture 2. Braila area 2017, natural infestation on field  Broomrape from area Braila, year 201705101520253035H1H2H3H4H5H6H7H8H9H10H11H12H13H14H15H16H17LB18LC19SP20GenotypeIntensity of broomrape attackBraila 2017, early sowingBraila 2017, late sowing Figure 2. Intensity of broomrape attack in natural condition in area Braila 2017 CONCLUSIONS In year 2017, in area Braila has development new races of broomrape because genotype of sunflower who was resistant in year 2016 (H 11, H13, H17 and SP 20) lose genetic resistance next year. None genotype of sunflower tested in natural condition, in Braila area 2017 was resistant at more then races G and H of broomrape.   Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLVIII/2018  20  BIBLIOGRAPHY Anton F.G., Păcureanu-Joita M., Sauca F., Risnoveanu L., 2017.  Evaluating of wild Helianthus species of sunflower and interspecific hybridization for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series: 47(1):7-11. Christov, M., Batchvarova R., Hristova-Cherbadzhi M., 2009. Wild species of Helianthus L.-sources of resistance to the parasite Orobanche cumana Wallr. Helia 32:65-74. Labrousse, P., Arnaud M.C,. Serieyes H, Berville A., Thalouarm P., 2001. Several mechanisms are involved in resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr. Ann. Bot. 88:859-868. Pacureanu-Joita M., 2014. Current situation of sunflower broomrape in Romania, Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in Sunflower, Cordoba, Spain: 39-43. Rîşnoveanu L.,  Păcureanu-Joiţa M.,  Anton F.G., 2016. The Virulence of Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Sunflower Crop in Braila Area, in Romania. Helia, Volume 39, Issue 65 (Dec 2016), p. 189-196. Seiler G., 2018. Genetic resources of the sunflower crop wild relatives for resistance to sunflower broomrape. Abstract book of 4th International Symposium on Broomrape in Sunflower, Bucharest, Romania, 2-4 july 2018. pp. 67. Seiler G., Qi L.L., Marek L.F., 2017.. Utilization of sunflower crop wild relatives for cultivated sunflower improvement. Crop Science 57:1083–1101.  Skoric D., Seiler J.,Liu Z., Jan C.C., Miller J., Charlet L., 2012. Sunflower genetics and breeding. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Branch in Novi Sad. pp. 116-124. Terzić S., Dedić B, Atlagić J., Jocić S., Miladinović D., Jocković M., 2016. Testing annual wild sunflower species for resistance to Orobanche cumana Wallr- Abstract book of International            Sunflower Conference , Edirne, Turkey, 2016. p-294-295. Vrânceanu A.V., 2000. Floarea-soarelui hibridă. Ed. Ceres, Bucureşti. pp. 454-460    

DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITE BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.) IN BRAILA COUNTY IN YEARS 2016 AND 2017

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DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITE BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.) IN BRAILA COUNTY IN YEARS 2016 AND 2017

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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series