Beirne, Bryan P.

Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia

28 J. [ ,'TO'lnl . So c. Bil l"!" . COI.l I.' "11.·' S I ( H)S~ ) . Ol·:c. :31. I !)S~ Klassen. W .. R. L. I\idgewa,·. and \1 . I nscoe. I!JS2. C henlica l At traelants in Integ rated Pest .~l anagem ent Programs. In Insect Suppression with Controlled Release Pheromone Systems A . F . h" doni eus and \ 1. 13eroza eds. pp. 1:3 - 1:30 . C RC Press Inc. 130ea na ton . Flo rida. Munroe, E. ID'Il. PITaloidea. In The Moths of America North of 'VIexico .. PITalidu,' (par t). Fascicle 1.3. 2A:21l-2S. Pike, h . S. 1'l'D. Pepperm int. Fllmihotvs fumali s, control. \\ 'ashinl(ton Insecti c ide and Aca racide ~:88. Pike. K. S. and L. \\ '. Cet~in . I!lS I . Persistcnce and i\ lo\(:nll'nt o f C hl orplTifos l n Sp rinkler- Irri ga ted Soi l. J. Eeon. Entollloi. 1-l:.3kS-88. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM, LECANIUM TILIAE (HOMOPTERA: COCCIDAE), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA B rnAN p , BEIH;.,JE Sill"" 1 Frase r Un i' ·e rsill·. Bu rnah" 13 .c. V5A IS(i [II ID28 and ID2!J C lendenning (e .g . . 1 93~ ) released speci mens of t he parasitic e ncITtid Blas/ol},,.ix scricca (Oalm .) from En gland in an in-tense and long-las ting ollthreak o f L e("(lIIill/1I lilia !' (L. ) in the VancoU\er d istri ct of Bri tish Coillmbi a. The infestat ion the n colla psed: sca le pOPlllations decreased from an a"e rage o f 57 pe r 5U cm of hranch in I D:30 to l"ir t llalh' none in I !J31. Paras it ism of the sca le increased fror;1 2.5 per ce nt in 1!J30 to 99 per cent in 1D8:3. This was later qlloted wideh' as a <:Iassic ('xample of slleeessflll hiol ogical control. 1-I00\"(" 'er, the sllhsequent appeara nce o f lon g-last ing olllhreak or L . lil iac ill th e VaIl CO!l\Tf distr ict sho \\ 'cd tha t it \\'a.\ no t i ll (ac t a n ('co llonlic SIl ('C"SS. Fland"r, ( I H,O) concl uded that the nllmbers o f specimens r>f B. s(, ,.i("('o that 1I', 're releas-ed were ton sllla ll to ha\"(' had am' influence in co n-t rol li ng the I» 2U 's infes tation. I ~'ad i ng Hubin and Beirne (I97.~) tn conclude tha t the increased percen-tage parasitis rn in the earh' 1930's lI 'as a conse-quence rather than a .:a Il S(' of thl' druma tie decrease in the scalc population. The na tural enelll ies of L. I ilial' were studi.:d b,' Rubin and Beirne ( I Di5) in 1!J6!)-i2 in a n infesta-tion in th e Vaneou l'er d ist ri ct that began about 1!J6~. The dom inant parasite was the onl,' spec ies of Bloslol lirix fo und . It was ide ntifi ed b,' E . S. Sugo n-jae" as B. IOllgipt' lllli.> (/l oward ). a native :\o rth Am erican spccies that had ea rlie-r been rega rded as a S\Tlon,'!T1 of the Ellropea n B. seriN'a. Rubi n and Beirne deduced from this that B .. ,,' ricca had not become es tablished in the o riginal hiologica l cont rol attempt whi ch therefore lI'as a technica l failllre as well as an eco nomic one. Sligonjae" ( I D83) recen th' re\ 'iell 'ed the gen us Bloslul lirix in i\orth America and stated that the species from I3riti sh Columbia that w as earlie r iden-tified as B. /rl/lgipl' lIllis is neither that species nor B. ,,,(' tie('a but is B . britolll/ieu G irault. a paras ite of sc\'(:ra l .spec ics o f lccan iulll scal es in Europe anJ no t' I'r l" 'ioush- known from :\orth America. Sligonjac\' suggested that it had been in t roduced originalh- 1)1" Clendenn ing as B. sericca, became esta blished. a nel subsequen tly spn'ad into \,Vashington and Oregon . Hllbin and Beirnc ( I D7.5) suggested that L. liliac was still a poten tial sllbject fo r successfu l biological control in Sou thern British Columbia and Sugon-jacl' (ID83) now slIggested tha t the t rue B. sericea wou ld be suitabl e for introd uct ion, .since in Europe it is known to parasiti ze L. filial' onl~ ' and it has not been found in :-':orth America. This might nOli ' be done , sOlli e 60 "ears a ft e r it was fi rst proposed b,' Clendenn ing. HEFERE:'IJCES Flanders , S. E . 1970. Obsen 'a tions u n host plan t induccd heha"ioU!" of scale insects and the ir endoparas it es . C an . Ent . 102:9 13-926. Clendenning. H. 1 9.3~. O n the con trol of Eu lecaniulll cordi (L. ) in British Col umbia b,' the pa rasite Blastothrix se ricea (Oal lll .) . Pmc . 5th Pal'. Sci. Congo .5:.3,,)~3 -35~5. Rubin , A., and B. P . Beirne. 197,5. Natura l enemies o f th e Ellropcan fruit Icc-a niulll, Lecaniulll tiliae (ll omoptera: Coccidac). in flritish Colu mb ia . Can. En t. 1 07: .337-3~2. Sugonjael', E . S. H)8.3. [A revil'lI' of t he gen us Blastothrix \l an (I h 'menoptera, Encntidae) in North Arneri ca]' Re,·. d'Ent . u n ss (i2: 601 -(j()9. 

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Biological control of the European fruit lecanium, Lecanium tiliae (Homoptera: Coccidae), in British Columbia

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Biological control of the European fruit lecanium, Lecanium tiliae (Homoptera: Coccidae), in British Columbia

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Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia