When sex pheromone traps in the upper third of a standard apple tree were compared with traps at head height, the upper traps captured far more fruittree leafroller moths (Archips argyrospilus (Walker) than the lower traps. The results with threelined leafroller (Pandemis limitata (Rob.) were reversed: traps at head height captured nearly twice as many moths as traps in the upper portion of a tree. Trap captures increased with trap/area up to 1 trap/ha. This density is probably sufficient for monitoring purposes

Madsen, B. J.

Madsen, H. F.

When sex pheromone traps in the upper third of a standard apple tree were compared with traps at head height, the upper traps captured far more fruittree leafroller moths (&lt;i&gt;Archips argyrospilus&lt;/i&gt; (Walker) than the lower traps. The results with threelined leafroller (&lt;i&gt;Pandemis limitata&lt;/i&gt; (Rob.) were reversed: traps at head height captured nearly twice as many moths as traps in the upper portion of a tree. Trap captures increased with trap/area up to 1 trap/ha. This density is probably sufficient for monitoring purposes

Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia

J. E:-':TO .\lOI.. Soc. Bil IT COLLI ~IIJIA 79 (191l2 ). DEC. 3 1. 19S2 II LITEHA T URE C ITE D Abbott. W. S. 192.5. A method for computing tlIe effeclin'ness of an insectic ide. J. Econ. Ent. Ill: 2G.5-2G7 . D\'er , E. D. A. 1969. Influence of temperatu re inversion on ue\'e!op mcnt of the spruce heetle. Dendrac-. tonus obesus (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera : Scolvticlae) . J. ent. Soc. B.C. G7:11l-21. D\·er . E. D. A. and P . \1. ll all. 1977. Factors affect ing lan'al dis]>allse in Dend racton us rufipenn is (Coleoptera: Scold idae). Ca n . Enl. 109: I ~8.5 - I ·WO. Dver. E. D. A .. J. P. Sko\ sgaard . and L. ll. \1c \ 1l1 llen . 1968. Temperature in relation to development rates of t\l'O hark heetles. Can ~-or . Sen'. Bi -.\I on. Res . Notes 24: I.S-W. McMu llen. L. 1I . and H. E. Betts. IUIl I . \\ 'ater sprinkling inh ib its e mergenc( ' of mountain pine hectic. Can. For. Sen'. Res. 0:otes 1: 10-11 . McMullen, L. H . and R. E . Betts. Personal communicat ions , Februan', 1982. \ ii1ler. J. \;1. and F . P. Keen. 1960. Biology and control of the \l'estern pine beetle. USDA Forest Sen· ice. Pac. S\\!. For. Range Expt. Stn. Misc. Publn. SOO .. 3S I pp . Schm id . J. Ivl. and R. H. Fn·e. 1977 . Spruce bect le in the Hockies. USDA Fo rest Sen·ice. Hock\- /d ountain Forest and Range Espt. Stn. General Tech . Rpt H\I· ')9. 31l pp. . THE EFFECT OF HEIGHT AND DENSITY OF SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS ON CAPTURES OF MALE FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER, ARCHIPS ARGYROSPILUS AND THREELINED LEAFROLLER, PAND EMIS LIMITATA (LEPID.: TORTRICIDAE) H. F. M ADSEl\ AND B . J. MA DSEN Agriculture Canada, Research Station Summerland. Brit ish Col umbia VO II 11:0 \V hen scx pheromone traps in the upper third of a standard apple tree " 'ere compared w ith tra ps at head he igh t. the upper traps captured far more fr uittree Ieafroller moths (An'h ips argyrosp il lis (v"alker) than the lower traps. T he results w ith threelined lea fro ller (Palle/clliis lil1lila la (Rob.) were re\ 'ersed; traps at head height captured nearh ' tw ice as mam' mot hs as t raps in the upper por t ion of a tree. Trap captures increased " 'ith trap /arca up to 1 trap / ii a. This density' is prohahh-suffic ient for monitoring purposes. T he development of mon itoring programs for lep idopte ra using sex pheromones is dependent upon a number of facto rs. T hc most impo rtant of these are the release rate of the p he romone, the usc of efficient traps. the proper pl acement of traps and the trap density . U niPss these p rocedures are stan-dardized for each insect species. it is not possible to d raw sOI lnd conclusions on population IC\'cls or de\'elop treatment thresho lds hased uJlon lrap captures. A number of studics have been made on cod ling moth trap clcnsih' (Ried l and C roft 1 97~: Ricci-I 1980). ancl on the effect of t rap height on codling moth capturcs (Riedl e/ al. 1979: fvlcNal le\ and Barnes J980). T here is little info r lll a t ion on th is sub-ject " 'ith respect to lea fro llers . As part of the st uck on the estab lishlll ent of mon itori ng programs for the important species of leafrollers attacking t ree fruits in British Colulllb ia, the effect of trap height a nd trap dens il\' on captures ,,'ert' c\'aluated in ap-p le orchards. MA TEHIALS AND METHODS The t raps used in all of the field exper iments were Zoecon I C traps (Zoecon Corporation, Palo Cootrihutioll :\0 . .5.1';', Hesearch Statioll. Summerland Alto , California). \ 'Iadsen ancl Vakent i (1973) demonstrated that this trap des ign was the Illost ef-fi cient for trapping ma le fru ittrce leafroll ers. T he lures for both fruitt ree leafro ller and threelined leafroller "-ere a lso obta ined from Zoecon Corp . and consisted of rubber cap stoppers conta in ing .5 mg of the smthet ic sex pheromone of each species. The lures were pin ned to the lop inside portion of each trap and replaced at Illont hh· inten·a ls. Trap bottoms were replaced w hen the st icb' su rface became contaminated w ith moth wing scales or other dehr is. All t raps were exami ned at weekh' in-tervals. ,,·hen the trapped males were recorded a nd remo\·ed. Trap heigh t - This ex periment was located in 2 apple orchards in the Kelowna area w here the frui t· t ree leafroller is dom inan t a nd in 2 orcha rds in the O liver-Oso)'OOS area about 100 km south , w here the threelined leafrolle r is mos t abundan t (Madsen and \ladsen 1(80). In each orchard . 6 loca tions were selected. at about 1 trappi ng site per 0.3 ha. At each site. a trap " 'as placed at head height on a com 'e-nient limb and another in the upper th ird of thc same tree on a rope and pulle)' arrangement. On alterna te weeks, the top traps were removed from 3 of the locat ions and left in place in the other 3 . T herefore, each week the 10'" a nd high t raps were 12 J. ENTOMOL Soc. BnlT. C()I.U~ I RIA 79 (1982). DEc. 31, 1982 TABLE 1. Effect of trap height on captures of male fruittree leafroller moths w ith sex pheromone traps. Orchard 1 Orcha rd 2 Av . moths / trap Av . moths/trap High traps Low traps Low traps High traps Low traps Low traps (low traps (h igh traps (high traps (low trap s (high trap s (high traps Dates in place) in place) removed) i n place) i n place) removed J une 16 2.6 1.6 June 23 60.6 7 . 0 63 . 6 J une 30 56 . 6 10 . 6 61. 3 J uly 8 55 . 3 16 . 3 59 .6 July 15 21. 6 2 .3 30 . 3 J uly 21 5 . 3 1.6 6.3 in direct compet ition at 3 of the sites wh il e in the other 3 , on'" the 10\\' traps were operat ional. Trap dcnsi tv - '1'\\'0 apple orchards were selected for this test. one in the Kelo\\'na a rea for fruittree leafroller and the o ther in the O li ver -Osoyoos area fo r the threcl ined leafroll er. Each or· chard was d ivided into 2 sect ions. one containing a single trap per ha and the other 3 traps at a dens ity of I per 0.3 ha . The position of the traps was inter-changed week'" to avoid the possibi lih' that one loca tion was consistently exposed to higher leafrolle r popula tions . To m inimize migration o f 2 . 3 0 . 6 30.6 3 . 3 34 .6 26. 3 2 . 6 31. 3 31. 6 5 . 3 37 .6 12.3 1.6 13 . 3 3.6 0.6 4.6 moths from outs ide the tes t area , traps \\'e re install -ed in the remainder of the orchard at a density of 1 t rap per ha . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table I shows the frui tt ree lea froll er captu res in the trap height experiment. When the upper and lower traps were in direct compet ition . the upper traps captured considera bl v more moths than the lower t raps. This indicates that most of the moth ac-t ivitv Occu rs in the uppe r th ird of the trees and is su pported bv tbe observa tion tbat most of tbe over-TABLE 2. Effect of trap beight on ca ptures of male threc liIled leafro ller mot hs wit h sex plwromo ne traps. Orchar d 1 Orc hard 2 /Iv. moths/trap Av . moths!trap Hi gh traps Low traps Low traps High traps Low traps Low traps ( l ow traps (high traps (high traps (low traps (high traps (high traps Dates i n place) in place) removed) in place) in place) removed) June 10 0 0 0 0 June 17 2.0 4 . 6 6.0 1,. 0 9 .3 12 . 3 June 24 3.3 15 . 0 21. 6 6.3 15.6 18 . 3 July 2 4 . 0 5 . 0 7 . 0 8 . 3 27 . 6 31. 3 J uly 9 2.6 5 . 3 6 . 0 5.6 14 . 3 16.6 July 17 2.0 5 . 6 8 . 6 3 . 3 9.6 11. 3 July 22 1.6 4 . 0 5 . 3 2.0 6.6 8.3 J uly 29 1.3 3 . 3 3 .6 1.0 4.0 5 . 6 Aug . 6 0 0.6 1.0 0 0 .3 1.3 J. ENTOWJL. Soc. BHIT. COLU~IIlIA 79 (1982) , DEC. 3 1, 1982 13 TABLE 3. Effect of trap dens il\' on captures of male fruittree leafroll er and threclined leafrolle r moths in sex pheromone traps. Orchard A fruittree l eafrolle c Date 1 trap/0.3 ha l 1 trap/ha June 9 0 0 June 16 1 2 June 23 41 79 June 30 52 131 Ju l y 8 21 56 July 15 10 22 July 21 1 2 July 28 1 3 Aug . 5 0 0 1 Ave r age of 3 trap s wintering eggs of this species are found on the upper limbs and branches of apple trees. When the 10\\' traps were not in competition with high traps, they captu red ncarlv as mam' moths as the high and low traps combined indicating that males will respond to lures at head height. For monitoring purposes, it is probable that traps in the lower portion of the tree will adequate'" reflect popu lation le, ·els. If a trapping·out or male d isruption program is con· templatcd , it would be des irable to install the lu res in the upper third of apple trees where the moth ac· tivity takes place. The data on the effects of trap height on threelined leafroller are shown in Ta blc 2. The results with this species are different frolll those ob· tained with fruittree leafroller. \Vhen upper and lower traps were in direct com peti tion , the 10\Vcr traps captured morc than twice as mam' mot hs as Orchard B threelined leafroller trap/ 0. 3 1 trap/ha Date 1 ha 1 June 4 0 0 June 10 0 2 June 17 3 12 June 24 14 36 July 2 9 25 July 9 6 20 July 17 3 8 July 22 1 4 July 29 0 0 the upper traps. This result was unexpected because observations show that thc larvac of this species arc most abundant in the new growth at the tops of trees. Ver~ ' li tt le, however. is known about the mating beha"iour of the threelined leafroller. The data indicate that traps installed at head hcight would be adequate for monitoring purposes and for control by trapping·out or mating disruption. The data on trap density are summarized in Table 3. With the codling moth , Riedl and Croft (1974) found that trap ca tches increase with trap area until thc area served b,' the trap exceeds the range of pheromone attraction. I n our stud,', one trap per ha captured about twice as many moths as one trap per 0.3 ha. Although we did not investigate trap dens ity be"ond I ha , the indications are that a densih' higher than I per ha would not be needed to mon itor populations of either fruittree Icafroller or threelined lea froll er. REFERENCES Madsen, H. F. and J. M. Vakent i. 1973. The influence of trap des ign on the respo nse of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Olethre utidae) and fruittree lea froll er (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) to synthetic sex at· t ractants. J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 70:5·8 . Madsen. H . F. and B. J. /\"Iadsen. 1980 . Response of four leafroller species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidac) to scx attracta nts in British Columbia orchards. Can . Ent. 112: 427·.30. McNalley. P. S. and ;\'1. M . Barnes. 1!l80. Inherent characte risti cs of codlin g moth pheromone traps. En· viron. Entomol. 9: 538·-12. Riedl. H . and B. A. Croft. 1$)7-1. A stud,' of phero mone trap ca tches in relation to codling moth damage. Can. Ent. 106: 527·37. Riedl , II ., S. A. Hodng, W. W. Barnett and J. E. DeTar . 1979. Relationship of \\ithin·tree placement of the pheromone trap to codling moth catches. Environ. Entomol. 8 : 765·69. Riedl , II. 1980. The importance of ph eromone trap density and trap mainten ance for the development of standardized monitoring procedures for the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Ent. 112: 529·44. 

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The effect of height and density of sex pheromone traps on captures of male fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus and threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Lepid.: Tortricidae)

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The effect of height and density of sex pheromone traps on captures of male fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospilus and threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Lepid.: Tortricidae)

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