Weaver, Beth

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Strathprints Institutional RepositoryWeaver, Beth (2013) Co-producing desistance. In: Gloucestershire PT Staff Conference, 2013-06-04 - 2013-06-05, Gloucester. (Unpublished)Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde.Copyright c© and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authorsand/or other copyright owners. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for anyprofitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or study, educational, ornot-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to Strathprints administrator:mailto:strathprints@strath.ac.ukhttp://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/Co-producing Desistance Beth Weaver     Aims • Key points: desistance research  • Co-producing desistance – With individuals – With families – With groups – With communities What is desistance? • Stopping offending and keeping it up. • Ontogenic: Age and maturation: growing out of crime • Sociogenic: Investment in social relationships, impact of turning points / key events: work and family. • Narrative: Subjective, internal shifts in identity, motivation, empathic concern. • Integrative: Interrelationships between all three for individual  & interaction with other concerns (Weaver and McNeill 2007; McNeill and Weaver 2010).  Dynamics of Desistance #1 • Motivation and hope are critical in the early stages (LeBel et al 2008).  • Acquiring sense of control / choice over one‟s life.  • Relational & social contexts critical to user engagement and desistance supportive practices (Weaver 2011; 2012).  • Development of social capital – different kinds of relationships between people are a key concern.  • Generative activities facilitate identity shifts, offset stigma, promote self worth (Maruna 2001; Maruna and LeBel 2009; McNeill and Maruna 2008) (for an overview also see McNeill et al 2012) Dynamics of Desistance #2 (for an overview see Weaver and McNeill 2010) • Triggers – Openness to change: negative events/experiences, advancing maturity, new relationships / roles. • Maintenance – Characterised by increased agency, shift in attitudes, values & beliefs; sustained by new social and economic opportunities: family and work: embed change, realise / consolidate identities • Motivations and Supports – Stability, belonging, recognition, health, well-being, being listened to and heard, opportunities for social participation (Barry 2006, 2007). So what can we do about it? • Collaborative practice: service users, informal/social networks, professional services & communities. • Co-production • Different forms and levels of involvement in different aspects of service design, development, delivery & evaluation. • Continuum / typology: individual, group and collective forms. • Beyond agency-led interventions with individuals  interaction with users, families, volunteers and communities. • (See Weaver 2011, Weaver and McCulloch 2012) Individual co-production (see McNeill and Weaver 2010) • Collaborative approach to support individual pathways to desistance. • Approach: active and participatory, mutually respectful, transparent. • Placing individual at centre of change process – not programmes / procedures. • Personalised assessments (narratives) and holistic but tailored packages of support. Working with families  • Eco-maps / social network analyses. • Parenting classes • Recognition of caring responsibilities. • Problem-solving family work. • Mutual aid groups • Resource mapping  (See for example Shapiro and DiZerega 2010; Trotter 2010) Group co-production • Currently – for delivery of cognitive behavioural correctional programmes. • Group co-production: groups of service users shape / provide services. • Desistance focussed: strengths based, collaborative, development of social capital and new social networks, opportunities for generative engagement. • Activism / advocacy  helping, mutual aid – Prison councils / user led consultation fora  mutual aid groups, mutual aid based group work. (see for example Weaver and McCulloch 2012) Collective Co-production:  communities • Community engagement, development and community social work approaches: –  multi-agency innovations i.e. community justice centres, one-stop-shop. • Community navigators:  – identifying and facilitating access to and aligning available community resources; – cultivating new partnerships, and promoting collaboration between individuals, organisations and communities  • Community Resource Mapping Cooperatives and mutuals (Weaver and Nicholson 2012) • Multi-stakeholder co-ownership • Provide and create employment and support for their members both in prison and in the community.  • The professional facilitates the promotion, development, and success of each social co-operative  • Contribute to pro-social identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy; provide a sense of purpose, promote active citizenship and generate social capital.  Concluding comments • Task: promote social participation, capitalise on strengths, build capacities, recognise lived realities, offer meaningful and sustainable opportunities to live differently.  • Beyond simply reducing re-offending and extant service provisions to good lives and collaborative, innovative practices. References • Barry, M. (2006) Youth Offending in Transition: The Search for Social Recognition, Abingdon: Routledge.  • Barry, M (2007) Youth Offending and Youth Transitions: The Power of Capital in Influencing Change. Critical Criminology 15 (2)185-98 • LeBel, T.P., Burnett, R., Maruna, S. and Bushway, S. (2008) „The “Chicken and Egg” of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance From Crime‟. European Journal of Criminology 5 (2) 131–59. • McNeill, F., and Maruna, S. (2008) 'Giving Up and Giving Back: Desistance, Generativity and Social Work with Offenders. In: G. McIvor and P. Raynor (eds) Developments in Social Work with Offenders. Series: Research highlights in social work (48). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 224 - 339.  • McNeill F, Farrall, S., Lightowler, C., and Maruna S., (2012) How and Why People Stop Offending: Discovering Desistance. Published onlne at: http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/how-and-why-people-stop-offending-discovering-desistance  References • McNeill, F., and Weaver, B., (2010) Changing Lives? Desistance Research and Offender Management. Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research Report No. 3/2010 available online at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/documents/Report%202010_03%20%20Changing%20Lives.pdf  • Maruna S (2001) Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild their Lives American Psychological Association Books, Washington DC. • Maruna S., and LeBel, T.P (2009) Strengths-based approaches to reentry: Extra mileage toward reintegration and destigmatization. Japanese Journal of Sociological Criminology 34, 58-80  • Shapiro C and DiZerega M  (2010) „It‟s Relational: Integrating Families into Community Corrections‟ in McNeill, F., Raynor, P., and Trotter, C (2010) Offender Supervision: New Directions in Theory, Research and Practice Willan Publishing.     References • Trotter, C (2010) „Working with Families in Criminal Justice‟ in McNeill, F., Raynor, P., and Trotter, C (2010) Offender Supervision: New Directions in Theory, Research and Practice Willan Publishing. • Weaver, B (2011) Co-producing Community Justice: The Transformative Potential of Personalisation for Penal Sanctions. British Journal of Social Work 41 (6) 1038-57. • Weaver, B (2012) The Relational Context of Desistance: Some Implications and Opportunities for Social Policy. Social Policy and Administration 46 (4). 395-412 • Weaver, B and McCulloch T (2012) Co-producing Criminal Justice: Executive Summary published online at http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Co-producing_Criminal_Justice.pdf  • Weaver B and McNeill F (2007) Giving Up Crime: Directions for Policy. SCCCJ available online at http://www.esrc.ac.uk/_images/Giving_Up_Crime_tcm8-2569.pdf  References • Weaver B and McNeill F (2010) Travelling hopefully: desistance research and probation practice. In:Brayford, Jo, Cowe, Francis and Deering, John (eds.) What Else Works?: Creative Work with Offenders. Willan, Cullompton  • Weaver, B and Nicholson B (2012) Co-producing Change: Resettlement as a Mutual Enterprise Prison Service Journal  no. 204 available online at http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/opus1972/PSJ_November_2012_No._204.pdf   

Travelling hopefully: desistance research and probation practice.

Co-producing desistance

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Co-producing desistance

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