A Novel Fully Differential Pixel Concept for Indirect TOF 3D Measurement

Abstract

This paper describes the design of a CMOS image sensor for real time three-dimensional measurements based on multiple-pulse indirect Time Of Flight technique. A novel fully differential active pixel architecture, which allows for the detection of very short and low intensity light pulses, is presented. Circuit simulations allowed the design approach to be validated and the electrical performance of the circuit to be predicted. The photodiode and the required read-out and processing electronics are successfully implemented in a 80x80mm2 pixel with an expected power consumption of about 100mW. A preliminary test-chip, consisting of 16x16-pixel array with column read-out and digital control logic has been designed and fabricated in a 0.35mm, 3.3V, CMOS technolog