Ferguson, Shaun

Reason, Robshanda

Wilson, Kea\u27erra

English

Georgia Southern University: Digital Commons@Georgia Southern

PBAD 7030: Local Government PracticumRecycling: Washington & StatesboroShaun Ferguson, Kea’erra Wilson & Robshanda ReasonPresentation OverviewSo, what is recycling?Overview of RecyclingWashington ProjectStatesboro ProjectRecycling OverviewKea’erra Wilson• Paper products• Batteries• Plastics• Glass• Used Oil• Household hazardous waste• Metal“…the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products (Environmental Protection Agency, 2015).”What is recycling?The Psychology of Recycling What drives recycling motivation?Do we all want to save the world?• Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)• Normative Action Model (NAM)• Personal norms, subjective norms, attitude, and perceived behavioral control• Awareness of consequences.Park, J., & Ha, S. (2014). Understanding Consumer Recycling Behavior: Combining the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Norm Activation Model. Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 42(3), 278-291AttitudeIntentionAwareness of ConsequencesSubjective NormPerceived Behavioral ControlBehaviorPersonal NormsAscription of ResponsibilityTheory of Planned Behavior & Normative Action ModelFurthermore, recycling education programs have been proven to: • Increase residents’ accurate knowledge of recycling issues• Increase overall concern for the environment• Increase recycling behaviorAccording to Dr. Lissa Leege at the Center for Sustainability, education is the most important component of a successful recycling program.Education in the Recycling ProcessVining, J. & Ebreo, A. (1989). An evaluation of the public response to a community recycling education program. Society & Natural Resources: An International Journal, 2(1), 23-26. AttitudeIntentionAwareness of ConsequencesSubjective NormPerceived Behavioral ControlBehaviorPersonal NormsAscription of ResponsibilityEDUCATIONTheory of Planned Behavior & Normative Action ModelImpacts on the Community Why recycle?Do my plastic bottles really mean anything?• Reduces • Conserves • Prevents • Saves• HelpsEnvironmental Protection Agency. (2015). Recycling basics. Retrieved from http://www2.epa.gov/recycle/recycling-basicsWashington ProjectRobshanda ReasonHOW THE CITY WORKSBackground Info • Population of about 5,000• About 1,800 use the trash pick-up and recycling services • No charge for recycling at this time• Charge $5 for the rollout carts • Charges are as follows• $20 Residential • $37.50min Commercial • $57.50 Dumpster for one pickup/WK and $25 for ea. Additional pickup  Comparable MunicipalitiesProximate cities:• Tignal• Crawfordville• Thomson• City of Washington runs its own sanitation and waste department • Benefit: contracting out sometimes saves money because of the economies of scale. COST ANALYSISOperating RevenuesSan-Refuse Collection Charge $522,763Sanitation Fees $135Sanitation-Recycling Rev $248Workers Comp-Wage Reimb. $134Total $523,280Operating Expenses Column1Regular Employees/Salaries $232,693 Total Purchased/Contracted SVC(Repairs & Maintenance) $152,399Depreciation $15,723Workers Comp $5,256Group Insurance $53,573Overtime $15,128FICA and MC Taxes $16,769Retirement Contribution $21,096Building Cost $0OwnedAdministrative Costs (Billing, staff, office supplies, Office Bills) $46,907Bad Debt $3,239Total $562,783Operating Income ($39,503) Expenses outweigh the revenue • Can anything be cut? • How can we break even? Financial Data At A GlanceRecommendations Considered1. Pay As You Throw• Raises overall rates• Based on the amount of waste that is thrown away• Reduce rates for those who recycle2.    Purchase Bigger Truck(s)• Loans and Grants • Georgia Fund Program  • Solid Waste Management Assistance Grant3.    Penalty Structure4.    Educational Program  Adopting the “Pay-As-You-Throw”35 gallon     55 gallon     90 gallon $17.60   $21.60    $28.60$20 = $28.6014,224.40/month ($170,692.80/annuallyIt more than offsets the $40,000 loss and leaves $130,692.80 in surplus PAYT Benefits  • Provides incentives for customers to recycle without making it mandatory• Provides strong economic incentive to recycle • Win-win: high recycling rate and economic stability with covered costs.Statesboro ProjectShaun Ferguson, Kea’erra Wilson & Robshanda Reason• Current Usage/Demographics• Programs/Description of Services• Public Needs and Indicators• Budgeting • RecommendationsComparative Analysis• Bulloch County• Recycling Offered• Floyd-Rome• Recycling Offered• Griffin• Recycling OfferedRecycling Programs & Description Services• Bulloch County• Marginal  Usage at its Peak• Griffin• Considerable percentage of residential       population • Floyd-Rome• Gold Bar StandardCurrent Usage• Bulloch County• Poverty Line equity• Rural Area/ Expansive• Griffin• Proximity to a Metropolitan• Residential vs. Commercial • Floyd-Rome• Median Income comparatives• Mandatory Recycling EducationCurrent Demographics• Enforcement Concerns• Mandatory Recycling• Facility Capability•• Types of Materials Recycled• Mandatory Recycling• Successful adaptation• Citizen SupportPrograms and Description Services• Bulloch County• Curbside service no longer offered• Multisite drop off points throughout County• Floyd-Rome• Curbside Recycling service provided• Mandatory Recycling with weekly pickup• Griffin• Curbside Recycling service provided• Convience of schedulingDescription of ServicesSurvey Analysis• Sample size of 600 plus• Distribution Medium• Metrics & Variables• LimitationsSurvey Findings – Cross Tabulations• The amount individuals are willing to pay for a recycling program is dependent on income and age group.• The amount individuals are willing to pay for a recycling program is not influenced by where they live in the city, homeownership status, or education level.How much would you pay to recycle?39%34%18%9%$0. The cost should be included in our regular garbage bill$5 per month ($60 annually)$10 per month ($120 annually)$15 per month ($180 annually)If Recycling was voluntary how likely are you to participate?11%1%1% 3%5%14%66%Very Unlikely Unlikely Somewhat UnlikelyUndecided Somewhat Likely LikelyPublic Need and IndicatorsDriving your City ForwardCitizen across income demographics want to recycle.69% of the survey  sample are currently recycling in Statesborowith a substantial portion of the survey sample are not satisfied with current service.Survey Findings – Cross Tabulations • Beliefs in the necessity of a recycling program that is MANDATORY is dependent on education level.• Belief in the necessity of a recycling program that is MANDATORY is not dependent on age group or income.Public Need and IndicatorsRevenue Potential47% All Funds Revenue is Charge For Services with similar municipalities revenue structure being atypical for providing a recycling service.Survey Findings – Cross Tabulations• Curbside pickup was the preferred method for collection.• Implementation preferences were not dependent on: Age group or Income LevelSurvey Findings – Cross Tabulations• Most individuals feel like recycling is important.• This variable, along with willingness to participate, was not dependent on income. What’s Your Message?RecommendationsRecommendation for the City of Statesboro• Recycling Program Expansion • Education Program• Expenditures/Costs• Recycling CentersRecommendation for the City of Statesboro• Recycling Program Expansion – Fleet Expansion– New Hires– Charge for Services ExpectationsRecommendation for the City of Statesboro• Education Program–Keep Bulloch Beautiful– Education to Explain How to Recycle–Continuous Process with a National PlatformRecommendation for the City of StatesboroExpenditures & Considerations• B.L.U.F- Transfer Stations • Facility Expansion- $6 Million Dollar Renovation Needed• New Hire- 6-8 New positions• Increase in Fees-Cost Benefit Analysis• Purchase of Equipment- (Carts & Trucks)• Initial funding sources- (S.P.L.O.S.T. & Contracting)Feasibility• 68% of the Survey Sample agree with Mandatory Recycling• Only 18% agree to a monthly charge of $10• Projected Facility Expansion• Funding OptionsPlanning for Recycling in Statesboro• Residents Are willing to Recycle in large numbers• Statesboro Residents are willing to pay for recycling, is it enough?• Substantial Capital needed to facilitate curb side recycling• Labor force consideration for sorting- (prisoner liability)• Curb side service is a long range objectivePlanning for Recycling in Statesboro• Resolution: Manned Recycling Stations in Statesboro• Supported by vast majority of residents willing to drop off recyclables• Cost-effective• Implementation is fiscally responsible• Opportunity for expansionWhat’s Your Message?Questions?

Recycling: Washington & Statesboro

https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&amp;context=gma_practicum

Recycling: Washington & Statesboro

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