The aim of the study is to propose adequate fragility curves for waterfront/ retaining structures for ground shaking without the presence of liquefaction, using available data from past earthquakes’ damages in Europe and worldwide and numerical analysis of typical cases. Existing fragility curves and damage states are evaluated and their shortcomings and/or limitations are assessed. Typical waterfront structures, with different geometry, foundation soil conditions and seismic excitations, are studied using appropriate numerical modeling. The corresponding damage levels are estimated with respect to the induced residual displacements and the seismic response of the soil-structure system. Considering aleatory uncertainties of the parameters involved, analytical fragility curves are then constructed for the different types of waterfront structures and foundation conditions. The computed analytical fragility curves are compared with the validated empirical ones, in order to propose fragility functions and corresponding damage levels for gravity waterfront/ retaining structures based on European distinctive features
