Rigid retaining walls experience significant displacements during earthquakes. Several investigators have developed 1- D and 2-D models to predict displacements. A critical review of the state of the art shows that these model may not predict realistic displacements Wu (1999). A new 2-D model, which considers strain dependant soil stiffness and material damping, sliding and rocking motions, and practical field water conditions behind the wall as per Eurocode (1994) has been developed (Wu 1999). This model represents a considerable advance over the existing solutions and is easily useable by the practicing engineer. It has been shown that walls inclined on the back fill offer several technical advantage
