The Electricity/Electricity power ripper tools integrates a Electricity-Electricity boost ripper tools along with a transformer to transform the output current from the solar panel array into two independent current sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured utilizing a capacitor selection circuit along with a full-bridge power ripper tools, connected in cascade. This paper proposes a brand new solar energy generation system, which consists of a Electricity/Electricity power ripper tools along with a new seven-level inverter. A prototype is developed and tested to ensure the performance of the suggested solar energy generation system. In this manner, the suggested solar energy generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that's in phase using the utility current and it is given in to the utility. The salient options that come with the suggested seven-level inverter are that just six power electronic switches are utilized and just one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency anytime. The capacitor selection circuit converts the 2 output current causes of Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools right into a three-level Electricity current and also the full-bridge power ripper tools further converts this three-level Electricity current right into a seven-level AC current

Avinash Kumar, S.

Thirupathi Rao, Sandadi

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research (IJITR)

Sandadi Thirupathi Rao* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH   Volume No.4, Issue No.6, October – November 2016, 4384-4387.  2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 4384 High-Occurrence Ac Voltage Converter Plant By Fuel Cells SANDADI THIRUPATHI RAO  M.Tech Student, Dept of EEE Vidya Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology Ongole, A.P, India S. AVINASH KUMAR Associate Professor, Dept of EEE Vidya Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology Ongole, A.P, IndiaAbstract: The Electricity/Electricity power ripper tools integrates a Electricity-Electricity boost ripper tools along with a transformer to transform the output current from the solar panel array into two independent current sources with multiple relationships. This new seven-level inverter is configured utilizing a capacitor selection circuit along with a full-bridge power ripper tools, connected in cascade. This paper proposes a brand new solar energy generation system, which consists of a Electricity/Electricity power ripper tools along with a new seven-level inverter. A prototype is developed and tested to ensure the performance of the suggested solar energy generation system. In this manner, the suggested solar energy generation system generates a sinusoidal output current that's in phase using the utility current and it is given in to the utility. The salient options that come with the suggested seven-level inverter are that just six power electronic switches are utilized and just one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency anytime. The capacitor selection circuit converts the 2 output current causes of Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools right into a three-level Electricity current and also the full-bridge power ripper tools further converts this three-level Electricity current right into a seven-level AC current. Keywords: Multilevel Inverter; Grid-Connected; Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) Inverter; I. INTRODUCTION The ability conversion interface is essential to grid-connected solar energy generation systems since it converts the Electricity power generated with a solar panel array into AC power and feeds this AC power in to the utility grid. An inverter is essential within the power conversion interface to transform the Electricity capacity to AC power.  Furthermore, because the resources of non-renewable fuels are depleted later on, they'll become more and more costly. Thus solar power has become more essential because it produces less carbon dioxide and the price of fossil fuel energy is booming, while the price of solar arrays is decreasing. Particularly, small-capacity distributed power generation systems using solar power might be broadly utilized in residential applications soon [1]. The ability conversion efficiency from the power conversion interface is essential to insure there's no waste from the energy generated through the solar panel array. Conduction loss is a result of using active devices, as the switching loss is proportional towards the current and also the current changes for every switching and switching frequency. A filter inductor can be used to process the switching harmonics of the inverter, therefore the power loss is proportional to the quantity of switching harmonics. The current alternation in each switching operation for any multi-level inverter is reduced to be able to improve its power conversion efficiency and also the switching stress from the active devices. The active devices and passive devices within the inverter create a power loss. The ability losses because of active devices include both conduction losses and switching losses. Therefore, multi-level inverter technologies have been the topic of much research previously couple of years. Theoretically, multi-level inverters ought to be made with greater current levels to be able to enhance the conversion efficiency and also to reduce harmonic content and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Diode-clamped and flying-capacitor multi-level inverters use capacitors to build up several current levels. For any single-phase seven-level inverter, twelve power electronic switches are needed both in the diode-clamped and also the flying-capacitor topologies. Uneven current technologies are utilized in the cascade H-bridge multi-level inverter to permit more amounts of output current. Two H-bridge inverters having a electricity bus current of multiple relationships could be connected in cascade to make a single-phase seven-level inverter and eight power electronic switches are utilized. More lately, various novel topologies for seven-level inverters happen to be suggested. However, three electricity capacitors are utilized to construct the 3 current levels, which leads to that balancing the voltages from the capacitors is much more complex. The modular multilevel inverter is comparable to the cascade H-bridge type. Inside a multilevel electricity-link inverter is given to overcome the issue of partial shading of person photovoltaic sources which are connected in series. The electricity bus of the full-bridge inverter is configured by a number of individual electricity blocks, where each electricity block consists of a solar panel, an electrical electronic switch along Sandadi Thirupathi Rao* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH   Volume No.4, Issue No.6, October – November 2016, 4384-4387.  2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 4385 with a diode [2]. Manipulating the power electronics from the electricity blocks can lead to a multilevel electricity-link current to provide a complete-bridge inverter and also to concurrently overcome the issues of partial shading of person photovoltaic sources. This paper proposes a brand new solar energy generation system. The suggested solar energy generation system consists of a Electricity/Electricity power ripper tools along with a seven-level inverter. The seven-level inverter is configured utilizing a capacitor selection circuit along with a full-bridge power ripper tools, connected in cascade. The inductance from the filter inductor can also be reduced because there's a seven-level output current. Within this study, a prototype is developed and tested to ensure the performance from the suggested solar energy generation system. The seven-level inverter contains only six power electronic switches, which simplifies the circuit configuration. Since just one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency anytime to create the seven-level output current, the switching power loss is reduced and also the power use is improved upon.  Fig.1.Proposed system II. PROPOSED SYSTEM The suggested solar energy generation system consists of a solar panel array, a Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools along with a new seven-level inverter. The solar panel array is attached to the Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools, and also the Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools is really a boost ripper tools that includes a transformer having a turn ratio of two:1. The ability electronic switches of capacitor selection circuit determine the release of these two capacitors as the two capacitors are now being discharged individually or perhaps in series. Due to the multiple relationships between your voltages from the Electricity capacitors, the capacitor selection circuit outputs a 3-level Electricity current. The entire-bridge power ripper tools further converts this three-level Electricity current to some seven-level AC current that's synchronized using the utility current. The boost ripper tools consist of an inductor, LD, an electrical electronic switch, SD1, along with a diode, DD3. The boost ripper tools charges capacitor C2 from the seven-level inverter. The present-given forward ripper tools consists of an inductor, LD, power electronic switches, SD1 and SD2, a transformer and diodes, DD1 and DD2. The present-given forward ripper tools charges capacitor C1 from the seven-level inverter [3]. The inductor, LD, and also the power electronic switch, SD1, of the present-given forward ripper tools will also be utilized in the boost ripper tools. The solar panel array supplies energy towards the inductor LD. When SD1 is switched off and SD2 is switched on, it’s operating circuit. Since capacitors C1 and C2 are billed in parallel using the transformer, the current ratio of capacitors C1 and C2 is equivalent to the turn ratio (2:1) from the transformer. Therefore, the voltages of C1 and C2 have multiple relationships. The boost ripper tools are operated within the continuous conduction mode (CCM). Conventionally, the forward ripper tools requires a third demagnetizing winding to be able to release the power kept in the magnetizing inductance to the ability source. However, within the suggested Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools the power kept in the magnetizing inductance is sent to capacitor C2 through DD2 and SD1 when SD2 is switched off. III. METHODOLOGY Operation from the seven-level inverter could be split into the positive half cycle and also the negative half cycle from the utility. The seven-level inverter consists of a capacitor selection circuit along with a full-bridge power ripper tools that are connected in cascade [4]. The whole process of the seven-level inverter within the positive half cycle from the utility could be further split into four modes. The whole process of mode 1: Both SS1 and SS2 from the capacitor selection circuit are off, so C1 is discharged through D1 and also the output current from the capacitor selection circuit is Vdc/3. S1 and S4 from the full-bridge power ripper tools take prescription. At this time, the output current from the seven-level inverter is directly comparable to the output current from the capacitor selection circuit, meaning the output current from the seven-level inverter is Vdc/3. The whole process of mode 2: Within the capacitor selection circuit, SS1 is off and SS2 is on, so C2 is discharged through SS2 and D2 and also the output current from the capacitor selection circuit is 2Vdc/3. S1 and S4 from the full-bridge power ripper tools take prescription. At this time, the output current from the seven-level inverter is 2Vdc/3. The whole process of mode 3: Within the capacitor selection circuit, SS1 is on. Since D2 includes a reverse bias when SS1 is on, the condition of SS2 cannot modify the current flow. Therefore, SS2 might be off or on, to staying away from switching of SS2. Both C1 and C2 are discharged in series and also the output current from the capacitor selection circuit is Vdc. S1 and S4 from the full-bridge power ripper tools take Sandadi Thirupathi Rao* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH   Volume No.4, Issue No.6, October – November 2016, 4384-4387.  2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 4386 prescription. The whole process of mode 4: Both SS1 and SS2 from the capacitor selection circuit are off. The output current from the capacitor selection circuit is Vdc/3. Only S4 from the full-bridge power ripper tools is on. Because the output current from the seven-level inverter is positive and goes through the filter inductor, it forces the anti-parallel diode of S2 to become started up for continuous conduction from the filter inductor current. Within the negative half cycle, the output current from the seven-level inverter is negative. The whole process of the seven-level inverter may also be further split into four modes. The seven-level inverter is controlled through the current-mode control, and pulse-width modulation (PWM) is use to create the control signal for that power electronic switch. The output current from the seven-level inverter should be switched in 2 levels, based on the utility current. One degree of the output current is greater compared to utility current to be able to boost the filter inductor current, and yet another degree of the output current is gloomier compared to utility current, to be able to reduce the filter inductor current. In this manner, the output current from the seven-level inverter could be controlled to follow a reference current. The seven-level inverter is switched between modes 2 and 1, to be able to output a current of 2Vdc/3 or Vdc/3 once the utility current is incorporated in the range (Vdc/3, 2Vdc/3). The simplified model for that seven-level inverter within the negative half cycle may be the much like that for that positive half cycle. Since only six power electronic switches are utilized within the suggested seven-level inverter, the ability circuit is considerably simplified in contrast to a standard seven-level inverter. America from the power electronic switches from the seven-level inverter, as detailed formerly. The leakage current is a vital parameter inside a solar energy generation system for transformerless operation. The leakage current relies upon the parasitic capacitance and also the negative terminal current from the solar panel array respect to ground. To lessen the leakage current, the filter inductor Lf ought to be substituted with a symmetric topology and also the solar energy generation product is redrawn. The suggested solar energy generation system includes a Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools along with a seven-level inverter. The seven-level inverter converts the Electricity power into top quality AC power and feeds it in to the utility and regulates the voltages of capacitors C1 and C2. The Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools supplies two independent current sources with multiple relationships and performs maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to be able to extract the utmost output power in the solar panel array [5]. The control object from the seven-level inverter is its output current, which needs to be sinusoidal as well as in phase using the utility current. The utility current is detected with a current detector, after which delivered to a phase-lock loop (PLL) circuit to be able to produce a sinusoidal signal with unity amplitude. The compared outcome is delivered to a P-I controller. Then your outputs from the PLL circuit and also the P-I controller are delivered to a multiplier to create the reference signal, as the output current from the seven-level inverter is detected with a current detector. The detected utility current can also be in contrast to zero, to be able to get yourself a square signal that's synchronized using the utility current. Finally, the PWM signal, the square signal and also the outputs from the compared circuit are delivered to the switching-signal processing circuit to create the control signals for that power electronic switches from the seven-level inverter. The input for that Electricity-Electricity power ripper tools may be the creation of the solar panel array. A ripple current having a frequency that's double those of the utility seems within the voltages of C1 and C2, once the seven-level inverter feeds real power in to the utility. The MPPT function is degraded when the output current of solar panel array includes a ripple current. The present controller controls the output current from the seven-level inverter that is a sinusoidal signal of 60Hz. Because the feed-forward control can be used within the control circuit, the present controller could be a simple amplifier, which provides good tracking performance. IV. CONCLUSION The suggested solar energy generation system consists of a Electricity/Electricity power ripper tools along with a seven-level inverter. The seven-level inverter contains only six power electronic switches, which simplifies the circuit configuration. This paper proposes a solar energy generation system to transform the Electricity energy generated with a solar panel array into AC soaped up that is given in to the utility. In addition, just one power electronic switch is switched at high frequency anytime to create the seven-level output current. This cuts down on the switching power loss and increases the power use. Additionally, the suggested solar energy generation system can effectively trace the utmost power solar panel array. The voltages of these two Electricity capacitors within the suggested seven-level inverter are balanced instantly, therefore the control circuit is simplified. Experimental results reveal that the suggested solar energy generation system generates a seven-level output current and outputs a sinusoidal current that's in phase using the utility current, yielding an electrical factor of unity.   Sandadi Thirupathi Rao* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH   Volume No.4, Issue No.6, October – November 2016, 4384-4387.  2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 4387 V. REFERENCE [1]  Y. Ounejjar, K. Al-Hadded, L. A. Dessaint, “A Novel Six-Band Hysteresis Control for the Packed U Cells Seven-Level Converter: Experimental Validation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 59, No. 10, pp.3808-3816, 2012.  [2]  N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design, Media Enhanced 3rd ed. New York: John Wiely& Sons, 2003.  [3]  S. Thielemans, A. Ruderman, B. Reznikov, J. Melkebeek, “Improved Natural Balancing With Modified Phase-Shifted PWM for Single-Leg Five-Level Flying-Capacitor Converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1658-1667, 2012.  [4]  J, M. Shen, H. L. Jou, J. C. Wu, “Novel Transformer-less Grid-connected Power Converter with Negative Grounding for Photovoltaic Generation System,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.1818-1829, 2012.  [5]  E. Pouresmaeil, D. Montesinos-Miracle, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, ”Control Scheme of Three-Level NPC Inverter for Integration of Renewable Energy Resources Into AC Grid,“ Syst. J., Vol.6, No.2, pp.242-253, 2012.  

HIGH-OCCURRENCE AC VOLTAGE CONVERTER PLANT BY FUEL CELLS

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HIGH-OCCURRENCE AC VOLTAGE CONVERTER PLANT BY FUEL CELLS

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