The Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) operational definition of Open Research is: the process of conducting and sharing research on publicly accessible platforms in order for others to freely access, use, modify, and share them, subject to measures that preserve ethical practice and legal provenance. Legal openness refers to the use of appropriate alternative licensing mechanisms such as Creative Commons, as well as the knowledge and resources required to apply and/or negotiate open licensing, copyright clearance, and related intellectual property considerations. This presentation clarifies some ROER4D concepts and recommendations

Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl

King, Thomas

International Development Research Centre: IDRC Digital Library

   RESEARCHING OER IN THE OPEN: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ROER4D PROJECT Hodgkinson-Williams, C.;King, T.;  ;    © 2018, HODGKINSON-WILLIAMS, C. & KING, T.   This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited.  Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), qui permet l’utilisation, la distribution et la reproduction sans restriction, pourvu que le mérite de la création originale soit adéquatement reconnu.      IDRC Grant/ Subvention du CRDI:  107311-001-Research into Open Educational Resources for Development  Researching OER in the open:Developments in the ROER4D projectCheryl Hodgkinson-Williams and Thomas KingOpen Ed 2015, Vancouver, 18-20 Nov 2015http://www.slideshare.net/ROER4D/ "_"-1-.'ROER4DResearch an Open Enucanonal moans roroevetopmenxIn 4. m:/- mm: em as:Challenges to which OER is a possible response● Need for accessible, affordable & relevant higher education● OER as part of a response to lower costs of and to localise teaching and learning materials● Most research on OER adoption & impact in the Global North● Need for research on OER adoption & impact in the Global Southhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/kartaba/22409701965 #Feesmustfall protests in Nov 2015 in South AfricaROER4D Research: OER Adoption & Impact86 Researchers26 Countries16 TimeZones7 Research clusters18 Sub-ProjectsResearch on Open Educational Resources for Development in the Global SouthGENERAL OBJECTIVE‘mwm M [hm AHHN»’«A¥‘UH(I1'R»l<HIfwv1 >4: mm >4 u..4..»x.,,.w .m...m..,M, L‘-"K1" .,n«x.._.u.mm, u.» .1... M ....,,...v 4 MAnquuzuu V...-won.....~...V'37!: loo7jx VMM‘ vloo7jx loo)jx m....m\v.:::;loo)jx'1-~loojxloojxW. M!Y loojx '=so...» Mumloojx LLr__.3_9_§5_e9_ :3..m...mu....u ,-..... ..m......Defining ‘Open Research’ROER4D operational definition:Open research is the process of conducting and sharing research in which a selection of research proposals, work-process documents, literature reviews, methodologies, research instruments, analytical frameworks, findings and/or data are intentionally shared on publicly accessible platforms in order for others to freely access, use, modify, and share them subject to measures that preserve ethical practice and legal provenance.Benefits & challenges of open research in the ROER4D projectFour dimensions to ‘open research’ identified in the ROER4D Project:1. Ideological2. Legal3. Technical4. PracticalDefining ‘Ideological openness’ROER4D operational definition of ‘ideological openness’:Ideological openness is the belief that openness in research can add value to the research process. This belief may be held for a range of reasons, including that open research can enhance the research process by making the research processes more rigorous, transparent, accountable and verifiable to a wide scholarly and/or public audience through persistent, barrier- and charge-free access to the research outputs in the long term.Ideological openness: Examplesfl\I£';i3on§gEM9amEcEfLRROER4D Research Concepts - DRAFF underconstructionCreated m March 2014 by Cheryl HodgkInsun—|/lflllramsUpdated by Cheryl Hodgkmson—V|/II/Iams and/orHenry Trotter an 28 October 2015To make sure we an have a shared underslandmg onne concepts that we use m me ROERADstudy, herewith are me mman descnplxcns that have been compiled Piease feel free to commentand Henry and I wm synthesize the commemsl ms page can be lound at my //but wy/1FAB32aROER4D Open Magna Carta..if it adds value..if it is ethicalloojxif it is legalby defaultn1 IE1! ....« c.........n....ne m..m2m...,.......,a....... n...mm....glzakeopen aROER4D Actual and Aspirational Ideological OpennessMore modest aspirations for opennessIdeological OpennessO-O - RadicalProlsclionlsl openness0 ROER4DAaua|O ROER4DAspivallcw|aIROER4D Ideological Openness - RecommendationsKey recommendations to encourage ideological openness in ‘open research’ projects include:● Making the concept of openness in research part of the grant proposal process.● Deliberating critically what ‘openness’ means to researchers in differing global research contexts and how they might enact it in their research activities.● Agreeing to a set of key ‘open’ principles about research processes and documentation.Defining ‘Legal openness’ROER4D operational definition of ‘legal openness’:Legal openness refers to the use of appropriate alternative licensing mechanisms such as Creative Commons, as well as the knowledge and resources required to apply and/or negotiate open licensing, copyright clearance, and the related intellectual property considerations that accompany the decision to make outputs and data legally open and reusable.Legal openness: Example 1 - ROER4D Contract 1.              CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE1.1.          The Parties agree that clause 13.2 is deleted and replaced with the following new clause:“In addition to clause 13.1 [of the Main Agreement], the Parties acknowledge that the sharing of data and the dissemination of the research results to advance the state of knowledge in the field is in the common interest of both Parties. Accordingly, the Parties agree to share data and co-operate with each other and to publish jointly when appropriate.  Authorship will be based on commonly accepted academic standards.  Where possible to publish in Open Access journals and/or to make reports available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International as the default licence (see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode for the detailed licence).”Legal openness: Example 2 - ROER4D Data Publications Guidelines flxi-..;mi.E.9..E.E.€*..l?.tROER4D Data Publication GuidelinesPrepared by Michelle Willmers (updated 13 November 2015)Suggested citation: Willmers. M. (2015). ROER4D Data Publication Guidelines. Retrievedfrom: ht zlltin url.com/ROER4DDataPub|icationGuideContents1. Introduction: The ROER4D Open Data Initiative2. ROER4D contractual framework and data security mechanisms3. Articulating a data management plan DMP4. How to prepare your dataset for publicationStep 1: Cunceptualise the dataset you wish to publishStep 2: ldentifl points of sensitivity in the dataStep 3: Define an appropriate de-identification approach4. Conclusion5. Acknowledgements6. Useful resourcesApgndix A: Digital Cumtion Centre DCC DMP tool description calegog overviewROER4D Actual and Aspirational Legal OpennessQuite close to our aspirationLegal OpennessPubhc DomainFull copyright. noemo mun lcoravO ROERAD Asa-misc-al CC By 5CC BV~NDROER4D Legal Openness - RecommendationsKey recommendations for upholding legal openness in ‘open research’ projects include:● Consulting with a legal authority conversant with open licensing mechanisms such as Creative Commons to craft the wording of research contracts.● Ensuring that at least one member of the research team has a working knowledge of copyright and Creative Commons licensing and is able to advise researchers.● Identifying and working with a professional open data publishing partner or service provider to ensure that appropriately de-identified data and described using globally-endorsed  metadata protocols to provide optimal discoverability.● Adopting the OER practice of using openly licensed third-party resources, especially images, in project documentation.Defining ‘Technical openness’ROER4D operational definition of ‘technical openness’:Technical openness refers to the use of open file formats and open software development standards to ensure equitable access; publication platforms that support open licensing and provide secure, long-term access to resources with adequate metadata to ensure discoverability; and openly published datasets that allow for the data (and thus the analysis and conclusions) to be interrogated and elaborated upon.Technical openness: Example 1 - Google Document for CollaborationROER4D Studies Research Planning Toolshl:tp_://tinvurl.com/ROER4DResearchPlanningTooIPlanning MatrixWhat is the What is the claim What are the What would From whom What methodls What are youproblem? made about OER specific count as could you obtain would be most predicting? Whatas a response to objectives? evidence? Which this evidence? suitable to gain is your theory ofthis problem? e ence should this evidence?(What is the be prioritisedhypothesis to be ("gold", "silver”tested?) and “bron1e”)?Expensive OER can reduce To establish Calculation of Who will make the Survey of OER reduces thetextbooks/educatio the cost of whether (or not. to savings based on cost savings? publishers’ sites cost ofnal materials textbooks/educatio what extent) the number of OER Learners (if they for textbooks textbooks/educational materials adoption users who would purchase the Questionnaire for nal materials(creation/reuse. have spent funds textbooks) learners. teachers making it morerevision. remixing on traditional Teachers (if they on affordable to learnor redistribution) of textbooks/educatic develop the textbook/education in formal orOER reduces the nal materials educational al materials informal contextscost of materials) Institutional datatextbooks/educatio Institution (if they on libraryTechnical openness: Example 2 - SlideShare, the ‘Quiet Giant’ of Open ResearchBltmtlrsimdvtiibnifluWEE!mmwwsmawmmumwt#ROER4DResearch on Open Educational Resourcesfor Development (ROER4D) in the Global South:Learning to research OER openlyOQenEd 20145.045viewsResearch on Open Educational Resourcesfor Development (ROER4D) in the GlobalSouth: Learning to research OER openlyROER4D Actual and Aspirational Technical OpennessThe ROER4D aspirations need to be responsive to accessibility issues in the Global SouthTechnical OpennessO O WProprialaryilimiled access°P°""°Ss0 ROER4DAmtdO ROERAD/twrattoiialROER4D Technical Openness - RecommendationsKey recommendations to ensure technical openness in ‘open research’ projects include:● Use of collaborative software to provide opportunities for ongoing group writing, editing and commenting● Host outputs on stable and secure platforms with suitable metadata that can generate usage data and facilitate advanced search functionality.● Use formats that allow users to make changes, extract text or images, or otherwise alter the content of the output without needing proprietary software.● Source specialist expertise and make provision for the time required to find suitable platforms and prepare data.Defining ‘practical openness’ROER4D operational definition of ‘practical openness’:Practical or operational openness is enacting these ideological, legal and technical principles while conducting research activity, by being open in one’s research practices. These can take many forms from early and frequent communication about the aims, goals and methodologies of the project, to the sharing bibliographies, literature reviews, conceptual frameworks, interim or preliminary findings under open licenses, to actively developing networks of interested readers, colleagues or even potential collaborators long before the final publication of research outputs through open webinars and social media.Practical openness: Example - ROER4D OutputsDataFirsiHome DataDlSSemlriallorl DataPortal oinerrxrricanoata Cilatmris CorllacltlsEl Isms [I reHome > Data F-anal » ZAF-ROER4D-RSCAOERSA-2015-V1.1South Africa - Research into Social and Cultural Acceptability of Open EducationalResources in South Africa, ROER4D Sub-project 4Reference ID zar-roeraa-rscaoeise-2n)5-in.1 Created on Oct as, 20151 Year 2015 tart niomneo ot.-t I3, 2015‘Country South Africa Page Views 142‘Produoer(s) Research on Open Educational Resources for Development Duwnlvadl 16(ROER4D) - University of Cape TownSponsor(s) International Development Research centre - mac - FunderMetadata 1 Documentation in mpDocumenmtlon Study DescriptionROER4D Actual and Aspirational Practical OpennessNot everyone in the broader ROER4D research group is as comfortable with “working in the open” and some work does need to be reviewed and checked before being released openlyPractical OpennessO O °~="everythingOpaque practroe/black ooxO RoaiuinauaoO RoeaiomuianunaiROER4D Practical Openness - RecommendationsKey recommendations to ensure practical openness in ‘open research’ projects include:● Deliberating what documents and activities, if shared, would be of most benefit to the immediate researcher community and then to a broader audience.● Identifying the processes and platforms that would best support the intended open practices.● Estimating the time and effort that it would take to maintain these open practices in order to make a plausible cost-benefit analysis.● Always bearing in mind the question: ‘To whom, how and when might this add value and is it legal and ethical?’ and using this as a guiding operational principleROER4D ‘Open research’ axisOOROER4D Open AxisIdeologicalopennessLegaopennessTechnicalopennessPractiaalOpennessAspinmomiAmnlCritical openness - When should research be closed?● Conducting open research takes time and tenacity and even if a research team is ideologically technically, legally and practically open in its activities, the cost of sustained implementation might be too high for open research to be fully realised.● Working on a multi-cultural and multi-linguistic project has illustrated some of the affordances, difficulties and unexpected consequences of conducting open research, and has led to more modest aspirations towards open research and the necessity to be more deliberate or critical about what and when research should be open. ● It has prompted ROER4D to ask: When and under what circumstances should research be closed?Walking our open talk ...This presentation is available for reuse at:http://www.slideshare.net/ROER4D/ The draft paper informing this presentation is available for commenting at:http://tinyurl.com/Researching-OER Citation and attributionHodgkinson-Williams, C.A. & King, T. (2015). Researching OER in the open: Developments in the ROER4D project. Presentation at OpenEd 2015, Vancouver, 18-20 November 2015. Retrieved from: http://www.slideshare.net/ROER4D/ 

Researching OER in the open : developments in the ROER4D project

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Researching OER in the open : developments in the ROER4D project

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