Bacchelli, Beatrice

Martini, Dèsirèe

Orsini, Ester

Quaranta, Marilisa

Ruggeri, Alessandro

Trirè, Alessandra

Firenze University Press: E-Journals

IJAE Vol. 115, n. 1/2 (Supplement), 2010
133
Evaluation of thread pitch as a design key factor in 
dental implant osseointegration
Ester Orsini, Alessandra Trirè, Marilisa Quaranta, Beatrice Bacchelli, Dèsirèe Martini, Alessandro 
Ruggeri
 Department of Human Anatomical Sciences and Pathophysiology of Locomotor Apparatus, Human Anatomy Section, 
University of Bologna, Italy
Long term success and predictability of endosseous dental implants in tooth replace-
ment treatment have became a well documented outcome and are strictly related to ini-
tial mechanical stability as a crucial prerequisite in achieving osseointegration. Various 
factors (original bone density, implant surface topography, implant design) influence 
this stability and in the present research we investigated implant design because of its 
critical role, particularly in low density bone. The leading hypothesis is that selecting 
implant design features that maximize surface area available for contact may improve 
mechanical anchorage and primary stability in cancellous bone. We aimed to evaluate 
the role of implant thread pitch as a design key parameter on osseointegration process in 
poor bone density and limited availability of height by comparing two different implant 
profiles in an animal model. ”Narrow pitch” implants (NP) with a 0.5 mm pitch and 
“wide pitch” implant (WP) with a 1.5 mm pitch were tested for osseointegration after 0 
days, 4 and 8 weeks in a sheep iliac crest model. Biological investigations (histology and 
histomorphometry) as well as biomechanical tests (insertion/ removal torque test) have 
been performed. The data showed that initial mechanical anchorage and subsequent 
early endosseous integration in low density bone can be improved with a reduction of 
thread pitch. The greater surface area gained by decreasing thread pitch shows to in-
crease bone to implant contact and primary stability since the implant placement. This 
better performance of NP profile can be appreciated even at early healing time when the 
subsequent biological integration results enhanced. In conclusion, these results confirm 
that, when primary stability is a concern, as in cancellous bone, increasing the implant 
surface area by using implants with smaller pitch may be beneficial.
Key words
Implant design, thread pitch, osseointegration


Evaluation of thread pitch as a design key factor in dental implant osseointegration

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Evaluation of thread pitch as a design key factor in dental implant osseointegration

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