Centofanti, Antonio

Cordasco, Giancarlo

Cutroneo, Giuseppina

Matarese, Giovanni

Militi, Angela

Nigrone, Valentina

Pisani, Antonina

Portelli, Marco

Firenze University Press: E-Journals

IJAE Vol. 115, n. 1/2 (Supplement), 2010
42
Changes in vascular system during experimental tooth 
movement
Giancarlo Cordasco1, Angela Militi1, Valentina Nigrone1, Giovanni Matarese1, Marco Portelli1, Antoni-
na Pisani2, Antonio Centofanti2, Giuseppina Cutroneo2
1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Messina, Italy
2 Department of Biomorphology and Biotechnologies, University of Messina, Italy
Orthodontic tooth movement is characterized by remodeling changes in dental and 
paradental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, 
and gingiva. These tissues, when exposed to varying degrees of magnitude, frequency, 
and duration of mechanical loading, express macroscopic and microscopic changes. The 
activation of the vascular system in the compressed PDL is an indispensable process 
in periodontal remodeling during orthodontic movement. The initial response of the 
mechanically compressed or expanded periodontal tissue is release of vasoactive neu-
ropeptides, the blood vessels respond with increased of permeability and extravasation 
of leukocytes into the interstitial tissue and activation of a variety of osteogenic cells. 
The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of Vascular endothelial growth 
factor (VEGF) in periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. 
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mediator for angiogenesis, exert various 
biological functions such as vascular permeability and migration of human monocytes 
and is involved in bone resorption and formation. For the study we utilized a coilspring 
NiTi 50 gr. and in vivo samples of 15 maxillaries and mandibolar premolars of patients 
aged from 13 to 18 years subject to orthodontic treatment. These teeth was extracted at 
7and 21 days from application of force respectively. The extraction of the PDL was ef-
fectuated scarifying the radicular surface on the pressure and tension side. The results 
were compared with periodontal ligament samples of the normal homologous teeth 
(control). The periodontal ligament samples were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde in a 
0,2M phosphate buffer at pH 7,4.The following primary antibodies mouse monoclonal 
anti-VEGF were used. Section were then observed and photographen using Zeiss LSM 
510 confocal microscope. Were analyzed fluorescence intensity and compared with the 
control side. In the compressive side were strongly positive for VEGF at 1 wk after the 
start of tooth movement, suggesting that VEGF may be involved in the early stages of 
periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement, when occur rapid changes 
in local blood circulation. Moderate VEGF expression was also evident on the tension 
side. In the last observation periods at 21 days, VEGF signal showing insignificant de-
crease when compared with the control group. This can correspond to the period of 
regenerative processes in these same tissues which comprises deposition of new bone, 
with new regenerated fibrillar elements, which in turn replaces the previously increased 
vascular volume to control levels. These findings suggest that VEGF plays a crucial role 
in periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement by acting directly on 
bone resorption and formation and on angiogenesis.


Changes in vascular system during experimental tooth movement

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Changes in vascular system during experimental tooth movement

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