To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In this paper the Rice bran methyl ester (RBME) in the neat form and various blends is used with pure diesel to study load test of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency, total fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Rice bran methyl ester with diesel

Joseph, V.

Prasad, V. Joshua Jaya

Sirisha, P.

Yadav, Rakesh Kumar

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research (IJITR)

   V. Joshua Jaya Prasad* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Volume No.4, Issue No.3, April – May 2016, 3018 – 3021. 2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 3018 Utilisation of Neat Rice Bran Methyl Ester and it’s Blends as Fuel for the CI Engine Dr.V.JOSHUA JAYA PRASAD Professor Dept.of Mechanical Engg., Thandra Paparaya Institute of science & Tech.,  Komatapalli, Vizianagarm(Dt) Andhrapradesh P.SIRISHA Dept.of Mechanical Engg., Thandra Paparaya Institute of science & Tech.,  Komatapalli, Vizianagarm(Dt) Andhrapradesh  RAKESH KUMAR YADAV Dept.of Mechanical Engg., Thandra Paparaya Institute of science & Tech.,  Komatapalli, Vizianagarm(Dt) Andhrapradesh  V.JOSEPH Dept.of Mechanical Engg., Thandra Paparaya Institute of science & Tech.,  Komatapalli, Vizianagarm(Dt) Andhrapradesh Abstract- To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In this paper the Rice bran methyl ester (RBME) in the neat form and various blends is used with pure diesel to study load test of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency, total fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Rice bran methyl ester with diesel. I. INTRODUCTION Exhausting of fossil fuels in the near future create a need to search of alternative fuels.  Renewable oxygenated sulfur free and biodegradable, Bio-diesels are best alternative for the petro-diesel fuel.  Bio-diesel need not required rigorous engine modifications.  It can use directly on diesel engines.  In the Bio-diesels oxygen is the one of the constituent which causes for complete combustion of the fuel inside the engine cylinder.  The Bio degradability is the other advantage, in the case of bursting of storaging tanks, it will not cause for serious harm to the environment. Bio-diesel is a renewable energy resources. Even though Bio-diesels are extracted from the vegetable oils, the vegetable oils are not suitable for the direct usage on the diesel engine. Vegetable oils are having high viscosity and caused for formation of gummy substances at high temperatures and pressures.  If the vegetable oils are converted as esters of Methyl (or) Ethyl, then they are suitable for the diesel engine.  Transformation of vegetable oils into the Alkyl Esters of fatty acids is known as transesterification.  Any vegetable oil can be converted as ester of methyl (or) ethyl. In this paper we present the transesterification of Rice bran oil and load test curves on CI engine and analysis. II. TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCEDURE In this experimental work rice bran oil was converted into methyl ester by the two stage process .In the first stage rice bran oil was reacted with methanol (CH3OH) in presence of an acid catalyst. A specified amount 1000ml of rice bran oil was taken in a conical flask and heated up to 60-65°C.During the heating the oil , continuous stirring required to do. After that the oil is shifted into a separating flask and allow the settlement. In the mean time sodium methoxide is prepared by taking,   CH3OH (200 ml) and sodium hydroxide ( NaOH) (7.5 g) and properly mixed until whole NaOH pallets gets dissolved in methanol.      Acid treated oil again taken into conical flask and heated upto 40-450C, at this temperature sodium methoxide added to the oil, again the oil is heated upto 60°C-650C. Due to this treatment glycerin which is high viscous, separated from the oil. After that the oil shifted to the decanter, hence glycerol settles down at the bottom. Then the glycerol and RBME is separated. In this stage RBME contains Na2SO4 salt which can dissolved in the water.Hence the oil is submitted for the water wash to separate the salt, further it is followed by the dehydration to separate water traces in the oil. Basically vegetable oil and fats are consists of mono, di and triglycerides of fatty acids.  Triglycerides are the  predominate compounds in the vegetable  oil and fats chemical structure is as shown in fig.1 Where R1, R2, R3 are long chain fatty acids.    V. Joshua Jaya Prasad* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Volume No.4, Issue No.3, April – May 2016, 3018 – 3021. 2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 3019  Fig.1 Chemical Equation for the Transesterification If number of double bonds in the structure increases, it will causes for increase in viscosity. In this, left side structure is glycerin structure and it causes for high viscosity. If these are replaced with methyl (or) ethyl due to reactions with methanol (or) ethanol, Obtained product is the biodiesel.  Fig.2. FFA chain Break after acid treatment  Fig.3 Experimental setup for transesterification After the acid treatment free fatty acid (FFA) chain breaks into simple chain as shown in the fig.2. If We use the methanol the formed ester is methyl ester of fatty acids. If  We use the ethanol the formed ester is ethyl ester of fatty acid. For this reaction  sodium methoxide, or potassium methoxide used as catalyst . Alkyl ester is less denser than the glycerin and water. So that after completion of the process, if the oil is poured into the separating funnel glycerin settled down and it can separate easily. Experimental Setup is shown in the Fig.3. Properties of RBME & Petro diesel comparison shown in the Table:1    Table:1 Properties of tranesterified rice bran oil Properties Rice bran oil Ester Diesel Flash point 1630c 630c Fire point 1720c 660c Calorific value 41,500 Kj/Kg 43,000Kj/Kg Viscosity 36sec 32sec III. EXPERIMENTATION ON THE DIESEL ENGINE Load test is conducted on DI-Diesel Engine with the different blends of Rice Bran Methyl ester with petro diesel such as B-20, B-40,B-60,B-80 (B-20 means Biodiesel 20% and remaining petro diesel). The engine also tested with 100% RBME which is shown in the graphs as B-100. All the readings are taken after the stabilization of combustion in the cylinder. For each proportion the load test conducted and results are plotted at various loads. At each load speed of the engine maintained as constant. Finally the results are compared with petrol-Diesel. Engine specifications are given in Table:2 Table:2 Engine Specifications Type of Engines High speed Diesel Engine No. of  Cylinders              1 Brake power                                       3.72kW speed                                   1500rpm Engine bore     80mm Stroke                                 110mm Loading type Mechanical Brake Drum Diameter                0.315m Orifice  Diameter                         25mm IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Calorific value of Bio-diesel is less as compare to that of the diesel  hence the fuel consumption of Bio-diesel  is more (Graph1&Graph 2)  B-20 graph of bio-diesel is nearer to the diesel so it is suggestible for the use in the engine.    V. Joshua Jaya Prasad* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Volume No.4, Issue No.3, April – May 2016, 3018 – 3021. 2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 3020  Graph:1 Total fuel consumption Vs Brake Power  Due to the inertial force and frictional forces the slope of curve in starting is more after that is constant for some times.   Graph 2 : Break Power Vs Brake Specific Fuel Consumption  In each graph, easterified rice bran results are nearer to the petroleum diesel. When the percentage of estrified rice bran oil increases specific fuel consumption increases, mechanical efficiency decreases, brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency decreases.(Graph3)  The results are not so advantageous than the petroleum diesel, but nearer. So that estrified rice bran oil is preferable as fuel for the diesel engine.  In India rice is the main crop, there is feasibility of using ricebran oil as biodiesel .  Graph 3: Brake Thermal effieciency Vs Brake Power   V. CONCLUSIONS From the above results and discussion of the experimental investigations on a single cylinder, four strokes, constant RPM, stationary, air cooled, compression ignition engine run on blends of rice bran oil at different loads the following conclusions may be drawn. 1. Ricebran oil has less calorific value, it is preferable as alternative for the petroleum As the demand for the fuels increases day to day, even though the estrified rice diesel. Due to the oxygen in the vegetable oils bio diesels completely ignites inside the engine cylinder. So that the environmental pollution reduces or in other words it is environmental friendly fuel. 2. RBO has a low free fatty acid content and can be transesterified without pretreatment with an acid and this will reduce the cost of production when produced on industrial scale. The properties of B100 are close to those of diesel fuel hence it can be used as alternative fuel for diesel engines. 3. The rice bran biodiesel and its blends can be used as an alternative fuel in DI diesel engine without compensating in terms of power and brake thermal efficiency. This can be helpful to reduce the usage of a non renewable conventional fuel and also to reduce the environmental pollution as the biodiesel is eco-friendly. 4. As the demand for the fuels increases day to day, eventhough the estrified rice bran oil has less calorific value, it is preferable as alternative for the petroleum. 5. Diesel. Due to the oxygen in the vegetable oils bio diesels completely ignites inside the engine cylinder. So that the environmental pollution reduces or in other words it is environmental friendly fuel. VI. REFERENCES [1]. John van griper “Comparison of engine performance and Emission characteristics vegetable oil based bio-diesel”, Iowa state university paper aug8,1996. [2]. Avinash Kumar Agarwal “Bio fuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuel for internal combustion engines”  Science Direct (Elsevier) progress in energy and combustion science 33 (2007), pg.No. 233-271. [3].  Sukumar Puhan, G.Nagarajan, B.V.Ramabramhmam, “ Mahua (Madhuca Indica Oil) Derivatives as a renewable fuel for Diesel Engine Systems in India” A Performance and Emissions comparative    V. Joshua Jaya Prasad* et al.   (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH Volume No.4, Issue No.3, April – May 2016, 3018 – 3021. 2320 –5547 @ 2013-2016 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved.  Page | 3021 study, International Journal of Green Energy, vol.4,issue-1,Jan-2007. [4].  G.Amba Prasad, P.Rama Mohan, “Performance Evaluation of DI and IDI Engines with Jatropha oil based Biodiesel” IE(I) Journal-MC, Vol.86,July-2005. [5]. M.Masood,S.N.Mehdi,P.Ram Reddy, ”Experimental investigations on a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine at different compression ratios” Journal of Engineering fot gas Turbines and Power,Vol.129,April,2007, pg.No. 572-578. [6]. V.Arul Mozhi Selvan, R.B.Anand, M.Udayakumar “Combustion Characteristics of diesohol using Biodiesel as an additive in a direct Injection compression Ignition engine under Various compression Ratios” [7]. Heywood, John B., “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals,” Text book published by McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988. [8]. Yi Ren, Zuohua Huang et.al “Combustion and emissions of a DI diesel engine fuelled with diesel-oxygenate blends”Fuel, Science Direct, March 2008 [9]. Ramadhas a.s, jayaraj s, muraleedharan C, Use Of Vegetable Oils As I.C. Engine Fuel, A Review Renewable Energy, 29 (2004), 727-742. [10]. VJJPrasad et.al “Evaluation of performance,combustion charecteristics and emissions of DI-Diesel engine fueled with preheated cotton seed methyl ester”,Int.Review of Mechanical engineering, Vol-4,N5,July,2010  [11]. Bari c.w.yu, lim t.h, Performance Deterioration and Durability Issues While Running a Diesel Engine with Crude Palm Oil, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs Part - J. Automobile Engineering 216 (2002), 785-792.  [12]. Kaufman kr, ziejewski m, Sunflower Methyl Esters for Direct Injected Diesel Engines, Trans. ASAE 27 (1984), 1626-1633.  [13]. Kalam ma, masjuki h, Biodiesel from Palm Oil-An Analysis of Its Properties and Potential, Biomass and Bioenergy 23 (2002), 471–479.  [14]. Raheman h phadatare a.g, Diesel Engine Emissions and Performance from Blends of Karanja Methyl Ester and Diesel, Biomass and Bioenergy 27 (2004), 393–397. 

UTILISATION OF NEAT RICEBRAN METHYL ESTER AND  IT’S BLENDS AS FUEL FOR THE CI ENGINE

http://www.ijitr.com/index.php/ojs/article/download/859/pdf

UTILISATION OF NEAT RICEBRAN METHYL ESTER AND IT’S BLENDS AS FUEL FOR THE CI ENGINE

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research (IJITR)