In hierarchical data aggregation a severe safety hazard is originated by node confine attacks, where a hacker achieves full control over a sensor node through direct physical access in wireless sensor networks and it makes a high risk of data privacy. For hierarchical data aggregation in wireless sensor networks a securing node capture attacks is proposed in this paper. Each cluster is headed by an aggregator and the aggregators are directly connected to sink as network is separated into number of clusters. To the selected set of nodes in first round of data aggregation, the aggregator by identifying the detecting nodes selects a set of nodes randomly and broadcast an exclusive value which contains their validation keys. To relocate the data when any node within the group needs it transfers portion of data to other nodes in that group this is encrypted by individual validation keys. Each receiving node decrypts, sums up the portions and transfers the encrypted data to the aggregator. The data with the shared secret key of the sink and forwards it to the sink as the aggregator aggregates and encrypts. In the second round of aggregation the set of nodes is reselected with new set of authentication keys. The proposed technique resolves the security threat of node capture attacks is demonstrated by simulation results

Bandreddi, Jyothsna

Mamatha, Y.

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Research (IJITR)

Y.Mamatha* et al. / (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCHVolume No. 1, Issue No. 3, April - May 2013, 284 – 286.ISSN  2320 –5547 @ 2013 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved. Page | 284Distributed Detection Of Safe Node ConfineAttacks In Wireless Sensor NetworksY.MAMATHAMCA Student, Dept of MCADRK College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaJYOTHSNA BANDREDDIAssistant Professor, Dept of CSEDRK College of Engineering and TechnologyHyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAbstract: In hierarchical data aggregation a severe safety hazard is originated by node confine attacks, wherea hacker achieves full control over a sensor node through direct physical access in wireless sensor networksand it makes a high risk of data privacy. For hierarchical data aggregation in wireless sensor networks asecuring node capture attacks is proposed in this paper. Each cluster is headed by an aggregator and theaggregators are directly connected to sink as network is separated into number of clusters. To the selected setof nodes in first round of data aggregation, the aggregator by identifying the detecting nodes selects a set ofnodes randomly and broadcast an exclusive value which contains their validation keys. To relocate the datawhen any node within the group needs it transfers portion of data to other nodes in that group this isencrypted by individual validation keys. Each receiving node decrypts, sums up the portions and transfersthe encrypted data to the aggregator. The data with the shared secret key of the sink and forwards it to thesink as the aggregator aggregates and encrypts. In the second round of aggregation the set of nodes isreselected with new set of authentication keys. The proposed technique resolves the security threat of nodecapture attacks is demonstrated by simulation results.Keywords: Safe Node, Confine Attacks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Data Privacy, Data Aggregation, Secret Key.I. INTRODUCTIONThe newest technology that has attained remarkableconsideration from the research community iswireless sensor network. Sensor networks consist ofvarious low price, modest devices and are intemperament self organizing ad hoc systems [1] [3][4]. To monitor the physical environment, and togather and transmit the information to other sinknodes is the job of the sensor network [2] [4].Generally, for the sensor networks radio transmissionrange are in the orders of the magnitude that is lesserthat of the geographical scope of the constantnetwork [5] [6]. Hence, in a multi-hop manner thetransmission of data is done from hop-by-hop to thesink. A huge number of tiny electromechanicalsensor devices that are capable of sensing, computingand communicating are considered by wireless sensornetwork which is shown in fig 1[8] [9]. For gatheringsensory information, these electromechanical sensordevices can be made use by capacity of temperaturefrom a wide-ranging geographical area.Many features of the wireless sensor networks havegiven increase to demanding problems. One of thefundamental discrete data processing measures tosave the energy and reduce the average access layerconflict in wireless sensor networks is considered asdata aggregation [7] [10]. For directing in thewireless sensor networks it is used as a significantpattern.Fig 1: Sensor Network SecurityII. HIERARCHICAL SECURITY IN THEAGGREGATION OFINFORMATIONBy reducing the number of transmissions is thefundamental idea is to combine the data from diversesources and transmit it with the removal of theredundancy and saves energy. From various sensorscan be banned by the in-network data aggregation bythe inbuilt redundancy in the raw data gathered [11][12] [14]. In addition, to obtain application specificinformation these operations utilize raw materials. Itis important for the network to preserve highincidence of the in-network data aggregation toconserve the energy in the system therebymaintaining longer lifetime in the network [13] [15].The following are the issues that are connected to thesafety in the data aggregation of WSN: DataConfidentiality: In particular, from passive attacksY.Mamatha* et al. / (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCHVolume No. 1, Issue No. 3, April - May 2013, 284 – 286.ISSN  2320 –5547 @ 2013 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved. Page | 285like eavesdropping, the fundamental security issue isthe data privacy that protects the transmitted datawhich is sensitive [16] [17].  The wireless channel ismore prone to eavesdropping as the significance ofthe data confidentiality is in the hostile environment[18]. Data Integrity: By the negotiating source nodesor aggregator nodes it avoids the modification of thelast aggregation value. Sensor nodes can be withoutcomplexity compromised because of the lack of theexclusive tampering-resistant hardware. Anegotiation message is able to modify, counterfeitand discard the messages. Generally, for secure dataaggregation in wireless sensor networks, twomethods can be used. They are hop by hop encrypteddata aggregation and end to end encrypted dataaggregation.III. NODE CONFINED ATTACKS:The process of getting hold of the sensor nodethrough a physical attack is termed as node confineattack. This attack effectively differs from gettinghold of a sensor via certain software bug. Theoperating software which discovers the appropriatebug permits the challenger to handle the entire sensornetwork since sensors are typically supposed tooperate the same software. Specifically, the nodeconfine attacks can be situate over a small section ofsufficiently large network. In node capture attack themerge of submissive, active and physical attacks byan intellectual opponent results. By overhearingsomething on message exchanges the adversaryinitializes an attack by gathering the data’s aboutWireless Sensor Networks (WSN). With the help ofseveral adversarial devices organized in the entirenetwork this is performed either locally to singleadversarial device or via entire network. Thechallenger dynamically takes part in networkprotocols by inquiring the network regarding theinformation and injecting hateful information in thenetwork along with unreceptive learning. To theattacker the above node captures varies in the keydistribution information. During selective nodecapture attacks the attacker should minimum capturehundreds of sensor nodes. There is initiation of nodecapture attack where the challengers physicallycaptures the sensor nodes and removes them andcompromises and redistribute them in the network insensor node compromise technique. It builds up avariety of attacks through compromised nodes byfollowing the redistribution of the compromisednodes. With the formation of clusters routing anddata aggregation the forceful attacker weakens thesensor network protocols and hence resulting inrecurrent disruption of network operations.Therefore, for reducing the damages caused by themthe node capture attacks are unsafe and need to beidentified as soon as possible. The adversary attemptsto tamper the node physically for extracting thesecrets of the cryptography during the node captureattacks.IV. RESULTSSecuring Node Capture Attacks for Hierarchical DataAggregation system can be assessed by NetworkSimulator Version-2 simulation.  In the beginningsensor nodes are located in square grid area byplacing every sensor in a grid cell and the occurrencenodes move about the grid are organized to activatethe measures. The performance of Securing NodeCapture Attacks for Hierarchical Data Aggregation inWireless Sensor Networks protocol can be comparedfor Data Aggregation protocol. The performance ismeasured according to the following measures suchas Average end-to-end interruption in which the end-to-end-delay is averaged more than all existing datapackets from the basis to the end.  Average PacketDelivery Ratio: the ratio of the number of packetsreceived and the total number of packets broadcasted.Average Energy is the common energy consumptionof all nodes in transferring, receiving and forwardprocess.  Average Packet Loss is the average amountof packet dropped at each receiver. Throughput is thenumber of packets expected by the receiver.V. CONCLUSIONFor Hierarchical Data Aggregation in wireless sensornetworks a securing node capture attacks is proposedin this paper. The aggregator identifies the detectingnodes selects a set of nodes randomly and broadcast aunique value which contains their authenticationkeys, to the selected set of nodes during first round ofdata aggregation. It sends slices of data to othernodes in that set when any node within the set wantsto send the data, encrypted with their respectiveauthentication keys. The encrypted data sends to theaggregator as each receiving node decrypts and sumsup the slices. The aggregator aggregates and encryptsthe information with the collective privacy key of thesink and forwards it to the sink. A new set ofauthentication keys are reselected by the set of nodeswith in the second round of aggregation. Theproposed approach rectifies the security threat ofnode capture attacks in hierarchical data aggregationis demonstrated by the simulation results.REFERENCES[1] Dorottya Vass, Attila Vidacs, ―Distributed DataAggregation with Geographical Routing inWireless Sensor Networks‖, Pervasive Services,IEEE International Conference on July 2007.Y.Mamatha* et al. / (IJITR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCHVolume No. 1, Issue No. 3, April - May 2013, 284 – 286.ISSN  2320 –5547 @ 2013 http://www.ijitr.com All rights Reserved. Page | 286[2] Jukka Kohonen, ―Data Gathering in SensorNetworks‖, Helsinki Institute for InformationTechnology, Finland. Nov 2004.[3] Gregory Hartl, Baochun Li, ―Loss Inference inWireless Sensor Networks Based on DataAggregation‖, IPSN 2004.[4] Zhenzhen Ye, Alhussein A. Abouzeid and JingAi, ―Optimal Policies for Distributed DataAggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks‖, DraftInfocom2007 Paper.[5] Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Deborah Estrin andStephen Wicker, ―The Impact of DataAggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks‖,Proceedings of the 22nd InternationalConference on Distributed Computing Systems –2002.[6] Kai-Wei Fan, Sha Liu, and Prasun Sinha,―Structure-free Data Aggregation in SensorNetworks‖, IEEE Transactions on MobileComputing – 2007.[7] Yingpeng Sang, Hong Shen, Yasushi Inoguchi,Yasuo Tan and Naixue Xiong, ―Secure DataAggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: ASurvey‖, Seventh International Conference onParallel and Distributed Computing,Applications and Technologies, 2006.[8] Zinaida Benenson, Nils Gedicke, Ossi Raivio,―Realizing Robust User Authentication inSensor Networks‖ , Workshop on Real-WorldWireless Sensor Networks (REALWSN05), June2005, Stockholm, Sweden.[9] Patrick Tague and Radha Poovendran,"Modeling Node Capture Attacks in WirelessSensor Networks", 46th Annual AllertonConference on Communication, Control, andComputing, September 2008.[10] Jun-won Ho, ―Distributed Detection of NodeCapture Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks‖,InTech, Dec 2010[11]Giacomo de Meulenaer, François-XavierStandaert, ―Stealthy Compromise of WirelessSensor Nodes with Power Analysis Attacks‖,MOBILIGHT 2010: 229-242[12]Kui Ren, Wenjing Lou and Yanchao Zhang,―LEDS: Providing Location-aware End-to-endData Security in Wireless Sensor Networks‖,IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol 7,Issue 5, pp 585 – 598, 2008.[13]K. Kifayat, M. Merabti, Q. Shi, D. Llewellyn-Jones, ―Group Based Secure Communicationfor Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks‖,journal Bhoopathy V. and R.M.S. Parvathi /International Journal of Engineering Researchand Applications (IJERA).[14] Mr.V.Bhoopathy and R.M.S Parvathi,―Energy Efficient Secure Data AggregationProtocol for Wireless Sensor Networks‖,European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.50Issue 1, pp.48-58, 2011. [15] Mr.V.Bhoopathyand R.M.S Parvathi, ―Secure AuthenticationTechnique for Data Aggregation in WirelessSensor Networks‖ Journal of Computer Science,Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp 232-238, 2012.[16] Yupeng Hu,  Yaping Lin,  Yonghe Liu,  WeiniZeng, Hunan Univ., and Changsha,―RAS:Robust authentication scheme forfiltering false data in wireless sensor networks‖,15th IEEE International Conference onNetworks, (ICON), pp 200 – 205, 2007.[17] Eldefrawy, M.H.  Khan, M.K.  Alghathbar, K,―A key agreement algorithm with rekeying forwireless sensor networks using public keycryptography‖, International conference on anti-counterfeiting security and identification incommunication (ASID), pp 1 – 6, 2010.[18] Eitaro Kohno, Tomoyuki Ohta, YoshiakiKakuda, Masaki Aida: ―Improvement ofDependability against Node Capture Attacks forWireless Sensor Networks‖, IEICE Transactions94-D(1): 19-26 (2011)BIOGRAPHYY Mamatha has completed B.Sc(Computers) from Vijetha DegreeCollege, JNTU, Hyderabad andpursuing MCA in DRK College ofEngineering & Technology, JNTUH,and Hyderabad. Her main researchinterest includes Wireless Sensor Networks &Computer Networks.Jyothsna Bandreddi has completedB.Tech, Koneru Lakshamaiah Collegeof Engineering,Working as Assistantprofessor in department of Computerscience and engineering of DRKCollege of engineering and  technology. . Her mainresearch interest includes Wireless Sensor Networks& Computer Networks.

DISTRIBUTED DETECTION OF SAFE NODE CONFINE ATTACKS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

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DISTRIBUTED DETECTION OF SAFE NODE CONFINE ATTACKS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

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