Ruminant trans-fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Ruminant trans-fatty acids, especially cis9, trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA) and trans11-18:1 vaccenic acid (t11-18:1 VA) appear to have anticarcinogenic activity against breast cancer in animal and in vitro experiments. However, the results remain inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the association of c9, t11-CLA, and t11-18:1 VA (intake or serum levels) with breast cancer risk. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, OVID, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases through 25 May 2015. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95 confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between c9, t11-CLA and t11-18:1 VA intake or their serum levels and the risk of breast cancer. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines for the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Three studies on c9, t11-CLA and t11-18:1 VA serum levels and t11-18:1 VA intake were evaluated in the systematic review only (narrative synthesis) and four studies (2 case-control and 2 cohort studies on c9, t11-CLA intake) were included in the meta-analysis (quantitative synthesis). The pooled RR for the highest vs lowest category of c9, t11-CLA intake was 0.94 (95 CI: 0.64-1.25) with evidence of heterogeneity (with 67, 533 participants, I2=78.3, P=0.003). Studies that could not be included in the quantitative syntheses were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: No association was found between c9, t11-CLA intake and breast cancer risk, but the number of studies identified was small. © 2016 Edizioni Minerva Medica