Background and aim: hazardous materials transport is one of the most important problems in developing countries. The accidents involving the fleet of hazardous materials transport can have irreparable consequences. The study was aimed to present safety performance assessment pattern of road trucks with risk assessment approach. Methods: This is a descriptive study. In this study, the Accidents of road trucks with fix tank were studied during a 10-year period (1384-1394).The safety criteria and sub-criteria with respect to technical characteristics of road trucks divided in two categories: “Inductive factors of human error” and “Non-inductive factors of human error” In order to determine the final criteria and sub criteria and weighting them, the team of experts and FAHP method was used. Result: The results showed that the most important effective criterion on safety performance of road truck is “Inductive factors of human error”. Also, the most important effective sub-criteria are “Brake system and their connections”, “Ventilation system” and “Technical inspections”. With respect to the pattern “Hino, Mack, Howo 6×4(10 wheels), Dangfeng” trucks have received the lowest safety level. Conclusion: The causes of low safety level in fleet of hazardous materials transport in Iran, are the lack of timely inspections and inefficiencies in the technical equipment of the trucks such as “malfunction of ventilation and Brake system and their connections” which it’s most important reason is non-commitment of Iran to ADR agreement.  
