Hydroelectric powerplant intake structure numerical analysis

Abstract

U radu se analizira dovodni sustav hidropostrojenja, njegove karakteristike i varijacije izvedbe. Budući da je hidroenergija značajniji i jedan od najstarijih izvora obnovljive i „čiste“ energije, iskorištavanje vodne energije se znatno razvilo od početaka do danas i stoga postoji široki spektar različitosti izvedbe u odnosu na potrebe postrojenja, vrstu postrojenja i geografske okolnosti. Detaljno se opisuje svaki od dijelova dovodnog sustava, njihova funkcija i način rada. Ovaj rad se prvenstveno bavi akumulacijskim hidroelektranama, njihovim dovodnim sustavima i analizom strujanja kroz iste. Nastavak završnog rada usmjeren je na numeričke modele kojima se opisuju strujanja i prijelazne pojave u cjevovodu. Od prijelaznih pojava u cjevovodima najznačajniji je hidraulički udar koji može uzrokovati velike negativne posljedice u hidropostrojenju i njegovoj okolnosti. U radu se opisuje numerički model idealnog hidrauličkog udara i opisuju se načini na koje se jednostavan model može proširiti. Opisane su jednadžba nestacionarnog strujanja - jednadžba kontinuiteta i jednadžba količine gibanja. Ostatak rada bavi se kreiranjem numeričkog modela hidrauličkog udara nastalog pri zatvaranju zasuna u crpnoj hidroelektrani „Fužine“. Simulacija je napravljena u komercijalnim programima AFT Fathom i AFT Impulse. Usporedbom dobivenih rezultata s vrijednostima mjerenim u samom dovodnom sustavu CHE „Fužine“ zaključuje se zadovoljavajuća kvaliteta prikazivanja stvarnosti izrađenog numeričkog modela.This paper analyzes the hydro power plant supply system, it's characteristics and variations of implementation. Being that hydropower is one of the most important and oldest sources of clean and renewable energy, the usage of water energy has considerably evolved since it's beginnings till today and hence there is a wide spectrum of different supply system types considering the plant's needs, type, and geographical situation. Power plant supply system elements are described in detail, as well as their function within the system and method of operation. This paper pimarily focuses on hydro accumulation power plants, their supply systems and flow analysis through the system. The continuation of this paper focuses on numerical models which describe fluid flow and hydraulic transients in the conduit. Water hammer is the most significant of hydraulic transients since it can cause great negative consequences within the power plant and in it's vicinity. Basic water hammer equations are derived and wave propagation is explained in detail. This paper also describes the transient flow equations. The rest of the paper is focused on creating a numerical model of water hammer in hydro power plant „Fužine“, which occurs while closing the shutter in the supply system. The simulation is made using the commercial computer programs AFT Fathom and AFT Impulse. The comparison of the numerical model with the data measured on site concludes that the quality of the numerical model is sastisfying

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