This dataset contains data for multidimensional poverty, infant mortality rate (IMR) and academic performance at municipality level for Colombia. It was developed with the purpose of assessing regional inequality in Colombia in the decade between 2005 - 2015 and its effect over academic performance at the end of high school. This dataset includes 1106 municipalities describing: average IMRs during a decade (2005-2015), fifteen variables describing poverty in 2005 (extracted from census data) and normalized scores for the cognitive skills test for college admissions (CSTCA). Poverty and IMR can be used as proxy of economic development and population health and scores on standardized tests as proxy of academic achievement. This dataset was generated to provide better understanding of the inequality in Colombia at regional level. Colombia is a middle income country, and one of the most unequal economies in the world. Regional disparities of economic growth and development in Colombia are visible in terms of poverty, population health and education. The reported data cover 3 categories of indicators that can be used to proxy poverty, population health and education achievement. IMR, health access and academic performance information at municipality level were obtained from data repositories of the Colombian government agencies