Exposure of Croatian population to free and masked forms of deoxynivalenol

Abstract

DON je jedan od najčešćih trihotecena u hrani, koje uglavnom proizvodi plijesan Fusarium graminearum. Cilj istraživanja bio je odrediti ukupnu izloženost DON-u i derivatima na temelju podataka o konzumaciji namirnica i rezultatima LC-MS/MS analiza ključnih proizvoda. Analizirane su i koncentracije nepromijenjenog DON-a i glukuronidnih metabolita u uzorcima urina prikupljenim od 49 ispitanika. Svrha je bila odrediti utjecaj tipa prehrane (veganskog, lakotoovovegetarijanskog i omnivorskog) na metabolizam i izlučivanje DON-a. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom tri uzastopna dana, pri čemu su prva dva dana bila pripremni period uz isključivanje hrane koja može sadržavati DON. Trećeg dana konzumirani su proizvodi od žitarica s poznatim razinama DON-a. DON-15-GlcA detektiran je u svim uzorcima urina, koncentracije DON-a su bile ispod LOD-a u 14 % uzoraka, dok su koncentracije DON-3-GlcA prelazile LOD vrijednost u samo dva uzorka. Prosječne koncentracije DON-3-GlcA, DON-15-GlcA i DON iznosile su 15,79 ng/mL, 38,98 ng/mL odnosno 4,75 ng/mL. Utvrđeno je da su prosječne stope izlučivanja DON-a i glukuronidacije 75 % odnosno 89 %. Uparivanjem omnivorskih i veganskih ispitanika i korekcijom rezultata na kreatinin utvrđen je značajno veći udio DON-15-GlcA u urinu vegana u odnosu na omnivore. Osim toga, brojni sastojci hrane povezani s biljnom prehranom bili su u korelaciji s povećanim izlučivanjem DON-a u urinu. Rezultati mogu ukazivati na stimulaciju urinarnog izlučivanja DON-a fitokemikalijama.DON is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes, produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum. The study aimed to determine the total exposure to DON and derivatives based on food information and LC-MS / MS analysis of key products. The concentrations of unchanged DON and glucuronide metabolites in urine samples of 49 volunteers were also analyzed. The purpose was to determine the effect of diet (vegan, lacto-ovovegetarian or omnivorous) on metabolism and excretion of DON. The study was conducted over three consecutive days, with two days of preparatory period with the exclusion of food that could contain DON. On the third day, cereal products with known DON levels were consumed. DON-15-GlcA was detected in all urine samples, DON concentrations were below LODs in 14% of samples, while DON-3-GlcA concentrations exceeded LOD values in only two samples. Average concentration of DON-3-GlcA, DON-15-GlcA, and DON were 15.79 ng/mL, 38.98 ng/mL and 4.75 ng/mL, respectively. The mean rates of DON excretion and glucuronidation were determined to be 75% and 89%. Pairing of omnivorous and vegan subjects and correction to creatinine significantly increased the share of DON-15-GlcA in vegan urine compared to omnivores. Additionally, a number of food components associated with plant nutrition were correlated with increased DON excretion in urine. The results may indicate stimulation of DON urinary excretion pathways by phytochemicals