Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in infancy is mostly seen between the ages of 2-4,and visceral infection causes long standing fever, weakness, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Leishmania infantum is responsible for VL in Turkey. In this study, 4 pediatric cases of VL were analysed retrospectively. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained in two cases and Leishmania amastigotes were not obtained in these cases. Leishmania antibodies by the indirect immun fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) were positive in all cases. We consider that IFAT was a suitable alternative to parasite detection in the conclusive diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in pediatric patients when strong clinical suspicion is present
