Cyber-Physical Machine Tools (CPMT) represent a new generation of complete Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)-based machine tools that deeply integrate machine tool and machining processes with computation and networking. CPMT have a higher level of connectivity, intelligence and autonomy compared to current machine tools. Digital Twin is a critical component of any CPS. The core of a CPMT lies in the Machine Tool Digital Twin (MTDT). This paper presents the methodology for modelling the MTDT based on open, unified and platform-independent communication standards such as MTConnect and OPC UA. Two applications of the MTDT are developed to demonstrate the advantages and potential of the proposed approach. The first application is a Web-based machine tool condition monitoring application that allows users to monitor the real-time status as well as the 3D model of the machine tool through web browsers on mobile devices. The second application is an advanced Augmented Reality (AR)-assisted wearable Human-Machine Interface (HMI) that provides users with intuitive and enhanced visualization of the machining processes
