Cutforth, H.W.

Hu, W.

Schoenau, J.J.

Si, B.C.

English

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

An evaluation of soil water use efficiency for different seeding row spacing and stubble height   Wei Hu1, Jeff J. Schoenau1, Herb W. Cutforth2, Bing C. Si1 1 Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan 2 Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada        Soils & Crops 2014 Saskatoon,  11 March 2014 Introduction Different results were reported in terms of row spacing effects on crop yield.  Narrow spacing increases equipment cost and draft (more openers per length of toolbar).  Narrow spacing may increase water use, decreasing water use efficiency (WUE).  Higher stubble was reported to increase yield and WUE.  Water is often the limiting factor for soil productivity in Saskatchewan.   Objective To examine whether row spacing and stubble height have any significant impact on spring wheat and canola yield and WUE in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan. Central Butte Methodology Swift Current Experimental years: 2012 (wet), 2013 (normal) Randomized complete block design Spring wheat and canola Direct seeding Study site     Row spacing :   30, 60 cm    Stubble height: 15, 30 cm  Experimental design Central Butte 15 m 3 m 1 8 16   Dummy   Dummy 9 30 m 30 m 15 m 10 m 15 m 15 m 30 m 30 m 30 m RS   SH RS(30,60cm) SH(15,30,60cm)  Canola Wheat 2012 2013 RS(15,30,60cm) SH(15,30cm ) RS(30,60cm) SH(15,30cm ) RS(30,60cm) SH(15,30,60cm)  2012 2013 15cm 30cm 60cm Experimental design Swift Current -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 2012/1/1 2012/3/1 2012/5/1 2012/7/1 2012/9/1 2012/11/1 2013/1/1 2013/3/1 2013/5/1 2013/7/1 2013/9/1 2013/11/1 Precipitation Mean Temperature 211 mm 205 mm -40 -20 0 20 40 2012/1/1 2012/3/1 2012/5/1 2012/7/1 2012/9/1 2012/11/1 2013/1/1 2013/3/1 2013/5/1 2013/7/1 2013/9/1 2013/11/1 Central Butte Swift Current (℃ ) (mm ) 225 mm 121 mm 211 mm 205 mm Precipitation and temperature Soil water storage (SWS) SWS in root zone (0-1.2 m) in mm were measured by gravimetric method just prior to seeding and just after harvest. Water use (WU) WU=(SWS at seeding – SWS at harvest stage in root zone ) + total precipitation during the crop growth period. Yield (Y) Grain yield in kg/ha was measured by hand, taking grain yield of a harvested row (1 m) for each plot.  Water use efficiency (WUE) WUE=Y/WU  Measurements and calculations Analysis of variance   whether the row spacing, stubble height, and their interaction had any significant (P<0.05) effects on WU, yield, and WUE.    Statistical analysis Results Water Use Central Butte 0 100 200 300 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 100 200 300 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 50 100 150 200 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 100 200 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 30-15   30-30   60-15  60-30 30-15   30-30   60-15  60-30 30-15   30-30   60-15  60-30 30-15   30-30   60-15  60-30 Row spacing (cm)-Stubble height (cm) Water use (mm) Canola 2012 Wheat 2012 Canola 2013 Wheat 2013 0  100  200  300  400  30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0  100  200  300  30-15 30-30 30-60 60-15 60-30 60-60 0 100 200 300 15-15 15-30 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0  100  200  300  30-15 30-30 30-60 60-15 60-30 60-60 Row spacing:15 cm>30cm=60cm Water Use Swift Current  30-15  30-30  30-60  60-15  60-30  60-60 30-15   30-30    60-15     60-30 Row spacing (cm)-Stubble height (cm) Water use (mm) Canola 2012 Wheat 2012 Canola 2013 Wheat 2013  15-15  15-30  30-15  30-30  60-15  60-30  30-1   30-3   30-   60-   60-   60-  0 1000 2000 3000 4000 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 500 1000 1500 2000 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 2000 4000 6000 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 1000 2000 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30   Yield Central Butte 30-    30-3     60-     60-  30-    30-    60- 5   60- 0 3 -15   30     6 5    6 0 30-15   30-30   60-15   60-30 Row spacing (cm)-Stubble height (cm) Yield (kg/ha) Canola 2012 Wheat 2012 Canola 2013 Wheat 2013 Row spacing:30cm>60cm Row spacing:30cm>60cm a b a b Row spacing:30cm>60cm 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 Yield (kg/ha) 0  1000  2000  3000  30-15 30-30 30-60 60-15 60-30 60-60 0  200  400  600  800  30-15 30-30 30-60 60-15 60-30 60-60 0 1000 2000 3000 15-15 15-30 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30   Yield Swift Current Row spacing:15cm>30cm>60cm  30-15  30-30  30-60  60-15  60-30  60-60  3 5   30-     60-      -30 Row spacing (cm)-Stubble height (cm) Canola 2012 Wheat 2012 Canola 2013 Wheat 2013  15   15 0  3 5  3 0  6 5  6 -30  30-   30   3 0  6 5  -30  -60 Stubble height:15cm=30cm>60cm a a b a b c A A B Row spacing:30cm>60cm 0 10 20 30 40 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 5 10 15 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0 3 6 9 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30   WUE Central Butte 30-    30-30    60-15    60-30   -15   3 - 0    6 - 5    6 -30 3 - 5   30-     60-1     60-3  -15   30-      6 -15    6 -30 Row spacing (cm)-Stubble height (cm) WUE (kg/ha mm) Canola 2012 Wheat 2012 Canola 2013 Wheat 2013 0 3 6 9 12 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0  3  6  9  12  30-15 30-30 30-60 60-15 60-30 60-60 0 3 6 9 12 15-15 15-30 30-15 30-30 60-15 60-30 0.0  0.5  1.0  1.5  2.0  2.5  30-15 30-30 30-60 60-15 60-30 60-60   WUE Swift Current  30-15  30-30  30-60  60-15  60-30  60-60  30-15    30-30     60-15     60-30 Row spacing (cm)-Stubble height (cm) Canola 2012 Wheat 2012 Canola 2013 Wheat 2013  15-15  15-30  30-15  30-30  60-15  60-30  30-15  30-30  30-60  60-15  60-30  60-60 Stubble height:15cm=30cm>60cm a a b WUE (kg/ha mm)   Central Butte  A 30 cm row spacing generally produced higher wheat and canola yield and WUE than a 60 cm spacing.   Stubble height did not significantly influence yield and WUE for both crops.    Summary   Swift Current  Row spacing significantly influenced wheat yield, and stubble height significantly influenced canola yield and WUE in 2012.  Both row spacing and stubble height did not significantly influence yield and WUE for both crops in 2013.   A row spacing of 30 cm and stubble height of 30 cm appears to be optimum as it most consistently produced the highest yields and water use efficiency.   Recommendations Thanks for your attention! Thanks to The financial support of Agriculture Development Fund (ADF).  Cory Fatteicher, Tom King, Nimegeers Jason , Eric Neil, Henry W. Chau, Min Li, Trent Pernitsky for their sampling and sample analysis.  

An evaluation of soil water use efficiency for different seeding row spacing and stubble height

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An evaluation of soil water use efficiency for different seeding row spacing and stubble height

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