Gan, Y.

English

eCommons@USASK

Science behind seeding date

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

Yantai Gan Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Swift Current, Saskatchewan Science behind Seeding Date 1. Importance of Seeding Date 2. Relative Response of Various Crops 3. Effects of Seeding Date 1) Crop establishment and yield 2) Water use 3) Heat stress 4) Weed control options 5) Early-fall frost 4. Best management practices for early seeding Growing Season J  F  M  A  M  J  J  A  S  O  N  D Winter   -   Spring   -   Summer   -   Fall   -   Winter 120-130 d 110-115 ffd Month Frost (1st wk, Sept) Examples:     Soybean, dry bean     Sunflower, flax     Sweet clover      Canola/mustard Examples:     Wheat, oat, barley     Lentil, Field pea     Chickpea     Canary seed Emergence type vs. Seeding date Epigeal Emergence: Hypogeal Emergence: Seed Development vs Seeding Date  Apr-arrived canola seeds had 15% greater germination at 8°C than May-arrived canola seeds (Gusta et al. 2004)   Apr-seeded canola flowered 15 days earlier than May-seeded canola (Kirkland & Johnson 2000)   Early-seeded canola matured 10-15 d earlier than late-seeded canola (Clayton et al. 2004) Seeding date and Lentil seed yield (Saskatoon 2006-2008)  Early: May 1-6; Normal: May 11-15; Later: May 20-30 Seed yield (kg ha-1)     Yield loss (%) Early Normal Late   Late/Early Late/Normal Canary seed 1390 1260 990 -29 -21 Spring wheat 2911 2741 2601 -11 -5 Field pea 3011 2921 2451 -19 -16 Desi chickpea 2510 2380 2160 -14 -9 Lentil 1790 1720 1320 -26 -23 Oriental mustard 1530 1520 1220 -20 -20 Yellow mustard 1560 1270 1061 -32 -16 Brassica rapa 1580 1491 1140 -28 -24 Brassica napus 1410 1250 1180 -16 -6 Sunflower 1390 1240 1260 -9 2 (Gan et al. 2000) Field pea seeding date and water use efficiency WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1) Scott Swift Current ** ** ** ** ** NS NS ** 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1993 1995 1996 1997 1994 1996 1997 Average Early  Normal Late Lentil seeding date and water use efficiency WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1) Scott Swift Current NS ** * NS NS ** ** * 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1993 1995 1996 1997 1994 1996 1997 Average Early Normal Late Chickpea seeding date and water use efficiency WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1) Scott Swift Current 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1995 1996 1997 1994 1996 1997 Average Early Normal Late * NS ** ** ** ** * Water use efficiency Crop Year WUE (kg ha-1 mm-1)    Difference (%) Early Late Late/Early Chickpea 1998 5.0 4.7 -6 1999 8.4 7.3 -13 2000 10.7 9.1 -15 Pea 1998 11.6 8.5 -27 1999 15.7 14.4 -8 2000 17.1 14.8 -14 Duration of growth period Days from seeding (d) 2009 2010 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Fababean Clearfield red lentil Red lentil Small green lentil Large green lentil Kabuli chickpea Desi chickpea Yellow pea Green pea Fababean Clearfield red lentil Red lentil Small green lentil Large green lentil Kabuli chickpea Desi chickpea Yellow pea Green pea Vegetative Reproductive Heat stress and yield components (Brassica spp.) Pods plant-1 Seeds pod-1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 B. juncea Mustard B. juncea Canola B. napus Canola 20/18  28/18 35/18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 B. juncea Mustard B. juncea Canola B. napus Canola ºC ºC ºC 6.8 * 5.6 * 4.8 0.34 * 0.18 * 5.6 * LSD at P < 0.05 (Gan et al. 2004) Crop and annual weeds compete for growth resources         Crop Growth J  F  M  A  M  J  J  A  S  O  N  D (Harker 2007) J  F  M  A  M  J  J  A  S  O  N  D - Delayed crop seeding (Harker 2007) Crop and annual weeds compete for growth resources J  F  M  A  M  J  J  A  S  O  N  D - Early seeding (Harker 2007) Crop and annual weeds compete for growth resources (O’Donovan et al. 1985) Crop Competitiveness with Wild Oat – yield loss Oct 8, 1998 Nov 6, 1998 Apr 26, 1999 May 13, 1999 I N V I G O R 2 1 5 3 Weeds are not favored under diverse seeding systems (Clayton et al. 2004) Seeding Date vs. Crown Rust in Oat  Crown rust (%) P < 0.05 LSD = 12.1 (May et al. 2004) Late - seeded fababean damaged by Blister beetle (Swift Current, 2008) 1. Measure soil temperature  - 15 cm soil surface  - Noon soil temperature >8°C 2. Use uniform & shallow seeding depth:  - 1-2 cm for small-seeded crops  - 2-4 cm for large-seeded crops    Too deep Ideal depth 3. Apply seed treatment – essential  - Cold soil prolongs germination duration  - More opportunity for fungal diseases  - Irregular root development   4. Select varieties with frost-tolerant traits  - seedlings subject to frost damage  - degree of damage varies w/variety Thank you! 

https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/9257/1/Y.%20Gan%2c%202011.pdf

Science behind seeding date

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

eCommons@USASK

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive