Banniza, S.

Bett, K.

Tar’an, B.

Vandenberg, B.

Warkentin, T.

English

eCommons@USASK

Moving pulse crop breeding into the 21st century

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

Moving pulse crop breeding into the 21st centuryKirstin BettTom Warkentin, Bunyamin Tar’an, Bert Vandenberg, Sabine Banniza & the Pulse CrewGlobal population vs productive land Population increasing about 3 people per second Productive land decreasing about 1 ha every 7.7 seconds In the next 20 minutes we will gain 3,600 people and lose 156 hahttp://www.tranquileye.com/clock/Feeding the world - pulses Vegetable protein Complements cereals  complete protein Important micronutrients Inexpensive Quick cooking (some) Already part of the diet of billionsFeeding the world – from W. CanadaLentils 2015 – 2.37M t from 1.6M ha 2016 (est) - 2.85M t from 1.8M haFAOSTAT AAFCPeas 2015 – 3.2M t from 1.5M ha 2016 (est) - 4.1M t from 1.7M haConsequences?Need for more productive varietiesCollect variabilitySteps in Plant Breeding Sources of resistance Sources of stress tolerance Yield genes Increased micronutrients Better qualityUSDACrop Wild RelativesL. odemensisLooking for useful genetic variability in wild speciesL. erv L. odeL. lam L. oriL. nig L. tomL. ervoides L. lamotteiL. tomentosusL. nigricansL. odemensis L. orientalisAscochyta blightAnthracnoseIndoor- Anthracnose Race Ct0Outdoor- Anthracnose Race Ct1/Ct0Tullu et al., 2010.  Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 57: 1053-1063.Tullu et al., 2006. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53: 111-119.Deploying useful genetic variability from wild speciesCollect variability CrossSteps in Plant BreedingUSDA Embryo rescue if interspecificsCollect variability CrossSelect the ‘best’ plants in segregating generations Steps in Plant BreedingUSDA7+ years field testingA numbers game F2 population: And this assumes no environmental effect on the phenotype# genes # genotypes# phenotypesPerfect population size1 3 2 42 9 4 163 27 8 64n 3n 2n 4nUsing Technology toBreed Smarter For accessing greater variability For selecting genotypes not phenotypes For more robust phenotyping For increased efficiency in the fieldUsing Technology toBreed Smarter For accessing greater variability For selecting genotypes not phenotypes For more robust phenotyping For increased efficiency in the fieldSequencing genomes Chickpea (CDC Frontier) – 2013 Common Bean – 2014 Lentil (CDC Redberry) – 2016 Pea – 2016? Colletotrichum lentis- 2016 But so what?Varshney et al. 2013. doi:10.1038/nbt.2491Variability: Know your germplasmCanadaS. Asia Mediterranean/Middle East• Diversity data for ~450 lentil linesAverage days to flower under long days<30 45Nucleotide Alignment 653 Medicago truncatula AHAS1 ...TTCCCCGG...GATGCTT... C. arietinum CDC Frontier AHAS1 ...TTCCCCGG...GATGCTT... C. arietinum IMI sensitive AHAS1 ...TTCCCCGG...GATGCTT... C. arietinum IMI tolerant AHAS1 ...TTCCCCGG...GATGTTT... Tolerance to IMI herbicides in chickpea(Courtney Thompson)Conventional selection: • laborious • heterozygous = homozygous resistant phenotype, • potential escapes!MAS: • far fewer resources required, • homozygous and heterozygous can be separated, • no escapes.  Marker-Assisted Selection Select on genotype not phenotype Heterozygotes can be identified Good for single genes Assay before even planting the seedMAS for imi-tolerant lentilsTO THE FIELD FOR AGRONOMIC EVALUATION • Field screening = $40 per plot• MAS = $0.40 per seed AND save a generationSU91 – marker for common blight tolerance in common bean$1.50/individual• Check SU91 & Co-1 marker status• Only keep those with both resistance-linked marker allelesHoward F. SchwartzGene StackingLentil - C. lentis interaction  Resistance proteinLcTIR-NBS-LRRPathogen effectorLRR domain of R-geneTackling Disease Resistance GenesVijai Bhadauria & Sabine BannizaMapping of candidate genes in the pathogenLG11scaffold14p21820.0scaffold14p2449494.7scaffold14p2466215.8scaffold14p2543446.3scaffold14p2638796.9scaffold14p2783298.5scaffold14p28458510.2scaffold14p28738111.3scaffold14p112963919.8qClVir-110.84 of 1.13 Mb (69 genes)Non-ribosomal peptide synthetaseHP UPUPUPPEP1 (Pea pathogenicity gene 1), 269 aaUPAlkaline proteinase HP Acid trehalaseDUF341 family oxidoreductaseEnt-kaurene oxidase Lovastatin nonaketide synthase Serine threonine protein kinase Small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex subunit Acyl-coenzyme A:6-aminopenicillanic-acid-acyltransferase L-amino acid oxidase Hypothetical protein ChitinaseHypothetical protein, 135 aaCholera enterotoxin subunit A2,  284 aaUPHeterokaryon incompatibility protein (HET)HP Carbon-nitrogen family protein HP Protein kinase-like domain HP WD40 repeat-like protein Endonuclease reverse transcriptaseReverse transcriptase Reverse transcriptase bZIP family transcription factor HP Transcription factor cmr1 Alcohol dehydrogenase C6 zinc finger domain containing protein C6 zinc finger domain containing protein Reverse transcriptase Peroxide stress-activated histidine kinase mak2 UPRNaseHRNaseHbZIP bZIPPutative kinesin light chain protein Chromo domain-containing protein Plasma membrane G-protein coupled receptor HP HPGlycosyl hydrolases family 18 protein HPHPHPHPHPHPHPHPPhenol 2-monooxygenase HP Nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar epimerase Major facilitator superfamily transporterGalactoside O-acetyltransferase Acid phosphatase N-acetylglucosamine-induced protein 1tdp-4-oxo-6-deoxy-d-glucose transaminase CarboxylesteraseHPEffectors: 3Hydrolases: 5Primary metabolism: 11Secondary metabolism: 2Transcription and signal transduction: 16Receptors: 2Structural: 3Organelle transport: 1Somatic incompatibility: 1UP, uncharacterized proteins: 6HP, Hypothetical proteins: 19Vijai Bhadauria & Sabine BannizaUsing Technology toBreed Smarter For accessing greater variability For selecting genotypes not phenotypes For more robust phenotyping For increased efficiency in the fieldImaging technologies• Multispectral camera• NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Indexo Indicator of plant health o High correlation with plant biomassNDVI=(NIR-Red)/(NIR+Red)Hyperspectral imaging of lentil injury of Group 14 herbicidesBackground   Damaged   Healthy    Fusarium head blight (6 day after inoculation)Imaging technologiesPajic & CoryBetter equipment for greater efficiencyDouble plot seeder with GPS trippingBarcode trackingBetter equipment to keep crew happyAcknowledgementsBunyamin Tar’anTom WarkentinBert VandenbergSabine BannizaPulse crop breeding labPulse crop molecular labGrains innovation labPulse crop pathology labPulse crop tissue culture labPulse crop graduate students, post-docsBreeder seed crewPlant Sciences admin staffNational/international collaborators (many)Questions?

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Moving pulse crop breeding into the 21st century

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