Johnson, E.

Reddekopp, A.

Willenborg, C.

English

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

www.usask.caWheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar response to chlormequat chloride (Manipulator®) treatmentBy: Andrew ReddekoppPLSC 494.6www.usask.caWhy did I choose this research topic?▪ Field scale trials▪ Benefit to local producers▪ Lodging becoming more of a consistent issue▪ Manipulator® was new to Canada▪ Chance to work on a topic that has very little previous researchwww.usask.caProject BackgroundPlant Growth Regulators▪ Modify plant hormone balances (Espindula et al., 2009)▪ Reduce shoot length in crop production (Shekoofa & Emam, 2008)▪ Used for decades in intensive European cereal production (Rademacher, 2009)▪ PGRs used extensively in horticulture industry (Taiz et al., 2015) www.usask.caProject BackgroundChlormequat chloride▪ Inhibits the production of gibberellins (a plant hormone) (Tolbert, 1960)▪ Specifically interrupts the activity of copalyl-diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase (Taiz et al., 2015)▪ Reduces stem height (Shekoofa & Emam, 2008)▪ Increases stem strength (Miranzadeh et al., 2011)www.usask.caObjective & Hypothesis▪ Analyze hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar response to chlormequat chloride (Manipulator®) treatment▪ Cultivars will respond differently and there will be a difference in a minimum of one of the seven parameters www.usask.caMaterials and MethodsWheat Cultivars: ▪ AC Carberry, CDC Morris, AC Harvest, AC Lillian, AC ElsaDesign:▪ Randomized complete block at field scale with one treatment compared to a control▪ 4 replicates of each treatment in randomized strip pattern▪ 3 sites at different locations for each cultivarUT T T UT T UT T UTwww.usask.caMaterials and MethodsTreatment: ▪ 174 g ae ha-1 (0.7 L/ac) chlormequat chloride @ 94 L/ha water volumeStage: ▪ ZS 30-32Measurements: ▪ Grain yield, plant height at maturity, lodging score, protein content, moisture content, test weight and overall gradewww.usask.caStatistical AnalysisParameter DF F Value P Value DF F Value P Value DF F Value P Value DF F Value P ValueCultivar 4 28.97 <.0001 4 17.51 <.0001 4 14.57 <.0001 4 17.54 <.0001Treatment 1 45 <.0001 1 354.11 <.0001 1 65.08 <.0001 1 20.05 <.0001Cultivar x Treatment 4 1.65 0.1839 4 8.27 <.0001 4 3.42 0.0171 4 3.93 0.0089Yield Height Lodging ProteinParameter DF F Value P Value DF F Value P Value DF F Value P ValueCultivar 4 11.76 <.0001 4 22.04 <.0001 4 32.64 <.0001Treatment 1 0.08 0.7823 1 1.51 0.2295 1 0.06 0.8098Cultivar x Treatment 4 2.71 0.0441 4 0.98 0.4338 4 0.09 0.9864GradeMoisture Test Weightwww.usask.ca30003300360039004200450048005100Treated UntreatedAll CultivarsYield (kg/ha)www.usask.ca0100020003000400050006000ACCarberryAC Elsa ACHarvestAC Lillian CDCMorrisYield (kg/ha)www.usask.caResults65707580859095100105TreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedAll CultivarsAC Carberry AC Elsa AC Harvest AC Lillian CDC MorrisPlant Height (cm)www.usask.caTreated Untreatedwww.usask.caResults0123456789TreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedAll Cultivars AC Carberry AC Elsa AC Harvest AC Lillian CDC MorrisLodging Score (0-9)www.usask.caCDC MorrisTreated Untreated Treated Untreatedwww.usask.caAC HarvestTreatedUntreatedwww.usask.caAC HarvestTreatedUntreatedAC LillianUntreated Treatedwww.usask.caAC HarvestUntreated Treatedwww.usask.caUntreated             Treated          Untreated TreatedAC Lillianwww.usask.caAC LillianUntreated             Treated           Untreated Treatedwww.usask.ca1212.51313.51414.51515.516TreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedAll CultivarsAC Carberry AC Elsa AC Harvest AC Lillian CDC MorrisProtein Content (%)www.usask.ca1011121314151617TreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedTreatedUntreatedAll CultivarsAC Carberry AC Elsa AC Harvest AC Lillian CDC MorrisSeed Moisture Content (%)www.usask.ca385386387388389390Treated UntreatedAll CultivarsTest Weight (g/0.5L)www.usask.ca360365370375380385390395400AC Carberry AC Elsa AC Harvest AC Lillian CDC MorrisTest Weight (g/0.5L)www.usask.ca11.522.533.54Treated UntreatedAll CultivarsGrade (1-4)www.usask.ca11.522.533.54AC Carberry AC Elsa AC Harvest AC Lillian CDC MorrisGrade (1-4)www.usask.caProfitabilityYield Increase Wheat PriceRevenue IncreaseApplication Cost Net ProfitCultivar kg/ha bu/ac $/kg $/bu $/ha $/ac $/ha $/ac $/ha $/acLillian 527 7.9 0.24 6.50 125.86 51.35 46.95 19.00 78.91 32.35CDC Morris 312 4.7 0.24 6.50 74.52 30.55 46.95 19.00 27.57 11.55AC Elsa 308 4.6 0.24 6.50 73.56 29.90 46.95 19.00 26.61 10.90Harvest 226 3.4 0.24 6.50 53.98 22.10 46.95 19.00 7.03 3.10Carberry 221 3.3 0.24 6.50 52.78 21.45 46.95 19.00 5.83 2.45www.usask.caConclusions & Relevance▪ Chlormequat chloride response varied depending on wheat cultivar.▪ Cultivar x treatment interaction observed for plant height, lodging severity, protein content, and seed moisture content.▪ Significant differences occurred between treated and untreated for yield, plant height, lodging and protein.www.usask.caConclusions & Relevance▪ Economic benefit of chlormequat chloride was greatest when lodging was severe, but was profitable even when no lodging occurred.▪ Intensive wheat production systems are most likely to benefit from the use of chlormequat chloride.www.usask.caReferences▪ Espindula, M., Rocha, V., Grossi, J., Souza, M., Souza, L., & Favarato, L. (2009). Use of Growth Retardants in Wheat. Planta Daninha, 27(2), 379-387.▪ Miranzadeh, H., Emam, Y., Pilesjo, P., & Seyyedi, H. (2011). Water Use Efficiency of Four Dryland Wheat Cultivars under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 13, 834-854.▪ Rademacher, W. (2009). Control of lodging in intense european cereal production. 2009 Conference Proceedings (pp. 61-69). Alexandria, VA: Plant Growth Regulation Society of America. Retrieved from http://www.pgrsa.org/sites/default/files/presentations/CONTROL-OF-LODGING-IN-INTENSE-EUROPEAN-CEREAL-PRODUCTION.pdf▪ Shekoofa, A., & Emam, Y. (2008). Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shiraz). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(2), 101-108.▪ Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Moller, I., & Murphy, A. (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, Inc.▪ Tolbert, N. (1960). (2-Chloroethyl)trimehtylammonium Chloride and Related Compounds as Plant Growth Substances. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 235(2), 475-479.www.usask.caThank you!▪ Grower Partners – Wayne Andres, Peter Unruh, Jason Feitsma, Nic Wiens▪ EngageAgro – Phil Bernardin▪ Wendland Ag Services Ltd▪ Dr. Chris Willenborg & Eric Johnsonwww.usask.caQuestions?

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar response to chlormequat chloride (Manipulator®) treatment

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Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar response to chlormequat chloride (Manipulator®) treatment

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