Sapsford, K.

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eCommons@USASK

Group 2 resistant cleavers control in peas

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

www.usask.ca Group 2 resistant Cleavers Control in Peas Ken Sapsford PAg  Dept. Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan  www.usask.ca Background • imidazolinone herbicides (Group 2) - most widely used broadleaf weed control herbicides in peas  • Cleavers (Galium spurium) and possibly (Galium aparine) have evolved resistance to Group 2 herbicides  • Cleavers have increased in ranking from the 43rd most abundant weed in the 1970’s to the 9th most abundant weed in 2000’s. (“Prairie Weed Survey 1970’s to the 2000’s” Leeson et.al 2005)    • Research trials have been conducted at a number of locations across Saskatchewan to evaluate herbicides with alternative modes of actions to control cleavers in field peas.   www.usask.ca • Wild oat* • Green foxtail* • Wild buckwheat*  • Canada thistle  • Lamb’s-quarters   • Chickweed* • Stinkweed* • Redroot pigweed* • Cleavers* • Kochia*  Top 10 weeds in the Prairies  *Known resistant populations   www.usask.ca Over Winter Cleavers Size of Cleavers at application www.usask.ca Winter annual Cleaver Control www.usask.ca Group 2 Resistant Cleavers www.usask.ca • Sulfentrazone (Authority) • Registered in field pea, chickpea, flax, sunflower.  Lentils are sensitive. • Effective on kochia, wild buckwheat, lambs-quarters, redroot pigweed • Investigating efficacy on cleavers Group 2 Resistant Cleavers Control in Peas  www.usask.ca Sulfentrazone for cleavers control, 2010-11 0102030405060708090100105 140 280% control  Herbicide Rate (g ai/ha) < 3.5% 3.5 - 5%Soil organic matter www.usask.ca Sulfentrazone for cleavers control, Melfort  > 5% Organic Matter 0102030405060708090100140 210 42020102011www.usask.ca Cleavers Control with Pre-emerg Treatments 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Clomazone 150Clomazone 120Clomazone 90Saflufenacil 50Saflufenacil 36Saflufenacil 18Sulfentrazone 280Sulfentrazone 140Sulfentrazone 105> 6% OM < 6% OMN 1 8  3 9  3 4  1 4  1 4  1 4  1 2  1 2  1 2 www.usask.ca Cleavers Control with Post-emerg Treatments 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Bentazon 427Imazamox+bentazon 20/427Clomazone 150Clomazone 120Clomazone 90% Control www.usask.ca Post-emergent Clomazone www.usask.ca Pre-emergent Clomazone www.usask.ca Results & Conclusions: • Sulfentrazone (Authority®), will control Group 2-resistant cleavers on soil with less than 6% organic matter.  FMC is applying for registration • Control has been variable on soils with higher organic matter levels (black soil zone).   • Pre-emerge products saflufenicil (Heat®) and clomazone (Command®) and post-emerge product imazamox plus bentazon (Viper®) all had some activity on cleavers but none provided control of cleavers.   • Post-emergent clomazone injured cleavers, but caused too much injury to the peas.   www.usask.ca Future work • Investigate sequential applications or combinations of these products to provide control of cleavers in the black soil zone. www.usask.ca Controlling Cleavers in Cereals • Two main products added to herbicide mixes for cleavers control: • Fluroxypyr • Dicamba • Low rates of fluroxypyr and dicamba used in mixes to control Group 2 resistant kochia will not control cleavers www.usask.ca Kochia control in Cereals Dicamba 32% Dichlorprop 7% Fluroxypyr 48% Pyrasulfotole 13% Product in mix to control Kochia www.usask.ca Predicting weeds at risk for glyphosate resistance  • Currently 23 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide,  but only three in Canada – giant ragweed and Canada fleabane in  Ontario and kochia in Western Canada • In the Grassland region, the top three weeds predicted at  greatest potential risk of glyphosate resistance are kochia, wild oat, then green foxtail  • In the Parkland region the top three species are, wild oat, green foxtail, and cleavers  www.usask.ca GR kochia in southern Alberta: 10 locations South West Saskatchewan: 3 locations www.usask.ca     http://www.weedtool.com  • Objectives:  • (1) tool for producers to assess their risk of glyphosate resistance on a field-by-field basis;  • (2) raise awareness for proactive resistance management in western Canada • Producer answers 10 questions related to crop production system, tillage system, and glyphosate usage (each question with four possible answers) • Tool indicates relative risk of glyphosate resistance based on the 10 responses www.usask.ca Resistant management • Strong statistical association between weed resistance and lack of crop rotation diversity • Recent study indicates 3 or more crop types significantly reduce the risk of weed resistance vs. 2 or fewer crop types www.usask.ca Palmer Amaranth www.usask.ca 10 Ways Australian Farmers can fight Herbicide Resistance  1. Act now to stop weed seed set 2. Capture weed seeds at harvest 3. Rotate crops and herbicide mode of action 4. Test for resistance 5. Aim for 100% control and monitor every spray event 6. Don’t automatically reach for glyphosate 7. Never cut on-label herbicide rate 8. Plant clean seed into clean fields 9. Use the double knock technique 10. Employ crop competitiveness to combat weeds www.weedsmart.org.au www.usask.ca Harvest Weed Seed Control www.usask.ca Harrington Seed Destructor www.usask.ca Herbicide Resistant Strategies • IPM – Integrated Pest Management • Include Crop rotation • Herbicide Mixes – with multiple modes of action • Tillage may have a place? • Specific Weeds of concern: • Wild oat – Group 1 and 2 resistance • Cleavers – Group 2 resistance • Chickweed – Group 2 resistance • Kochia – Group 2 and 9 resistance • Few or No New modes of action in the pipeline   www.usask.ca Funding supplied by    and Pulse Cluster Thank you for the technical support from:  Gerry Stuber, Ryan Regush, Herb Schell, Cindy Gampe and Scott Sherriff Agriculture and        Agriculture etAgri-Food Canada   Agroalimentaire Canadawww.usask.ca 

https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/9011/1/K.%20Sapsford%2c%202013.pdf

Group 2 resistant cleavers control in peas

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