Paul, E.A.

Stewart, J.W.B.

English

eCommons@USASK

The influence of straw residues on nutrient uptake and grain yield of wheat

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

THE INFLUENCE OF STRAW RESIDUES ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND GRAIN YIELD OF WHEAT J.W.B Stewart & E.A. Paul Field trials conducted in 1967 and 1968 determined the extent of immobilization of nitrogen and minor elements during the microbial degra-dation of wheat straw. The results have indicated that the direct physi-cal effects of the straw on plant growth are greater than its effect on fertility. In 1967 when surface crusting was a problem, addition of straw to a Grey Wooded soil tended to increase yields. In 1968 the opposite was true. Tracer Nl5 experiments (Myers, 1969) conducted under field conditions have shown that the addition of 2 ton straw per acre results in the temporary immobilization of 4 lb of N. This amount of nitrogen has a yield potential of about 2-3 bu per acre. This yield differBnce usually cannot be measured significantly in normal field experiments especially where other factors such as the physical effects of the straw are prevalent. Tracers must be utilized to obtain the information re-lating to the tie-up of nitrogen by the straw residues. Plant and soil samples were taken at regular intervals from the field trial on the Orthic Black soil (Blaine Lake Association) in 1967. The concentration of other nutrients CP,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Mn and Cu) in the plants were not affected at any growth stage by the incorporation of straw (Tahir, 1969). When nitrogen fertilizer was applied with phos-phorus to the straw incorporation plots, the total amount of nutrient removed in the above ground portion of·the wheat plants was found to be significantly increased. For instance, on the plot which had three ton of straw incorporated (plus fertilizer 52 lb N 13 lb P/acre) the amount of Zn,Mn,Cu, and Fe removed in the plant material was approximately double that removed in the check plot~. Micronutrient supply did not limit yield on any of these plots as (1) application of micronutrients to the growing crop did not increase yield and (2) soil analyses showed that the levels of extractable nutrient in the soil were not seriously depleted. A further study, conducted in the greenhouse, examined the .effect of adding straw to an Orthic Black and a Grey Wooded soil (Blaine Lake and Waitville associations respectively) on the uptake of a monovalent cation. Cesium137 was used as a tracer and wheat was the plant grown in this pot' experiment. The addition of straw increased the uptake of Cs from the Waitville soil but did not affect the uptake from the Blaine Lake soil. An examination of the soil chemical properties suggest that the difference may be. due to a cation antagonism. Effect of fertilizer addition on the rnacron'litrient composition of wheat stubble-present (normal) soil (in perce·nt)' Blaine Lake soil association (Rosthern plot) Growth %N %P %K %Ca %Mg: Stage A B D A B D A B D A B D A B lst Node 3.3 3.1 3.5 0.36 0.36 0.31 3.01 2.53 4.04 0.20 0.22 0.29 0.23 0.17 Boot 2.1 1.9 2.3 0.32 0.32 0.27 2.04 2.07 2.30 0.16 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.14 Flowering 1.5 1.5 1.8 o.39 .0. 30 0.25 0.91 0.77 0.89 0.16 +Lo +Lo 0.13 0.11 Maturity 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.42 0.38 0.32 0.97 0.67 0.70 0.11 +Lo +Lo 0.17 0.14 Effect of fertilizer addition on the micronutrient composition of plants on Zn Growth Stage A lst node 35 Boot 28 Flowering 40 Maturity 46 s·tubbl e-pre sent (normal) soil (in ppm). Blaine Lake soil ppm Mn B D A 31 37 51 30 15 46 36 47 55 40 54 68 A ::.: ON OP B 7N 13P D = 52N 13P ppm B 52 62 61 59 association (Ros!!lern __fg_ppm D A B D 44 95 115 110 55 63 83 112 56 95 85 99 73 89 91 134 plot) Cu ppm A B 7 7 6 8 7 7 6 5 plants on D 0.20 0.21 0.13 0.14 wheat D 7 9 8 7 Blaine Lake Grain Data Treatment Straw Remove<:!__ N p 0 0 14.0 7 13 14.4 27 13 15.6 52 13 17.9 ·77 13 19.7 ·N L.S.D. 0 7 27 o2 77 Waitville Grain Data Treatment Straw Removed N p 0 0 6.8 7 13 10.0 27 13 10.4 52 13 9.2 77 13 8.9 T r L.S.D. Treatment Straw Removed N p 0 0 20.5 7 13 26.4 27 13 26.8 52 13 38.2 77 13. 34·. 6 Stubble Stubble + 1 Ton ----bushels~ acre 13.2 13.1 _13. 6 14.0 16.4 16.7 18.4 18.5 20.2 18.1 p 0 Cont-rol 13 - N.S. 13 - 2.6 13 - 5.2 13 - 5.5 Stubble Stubble + 1 Ton bushels per acre 11.1 7.3 10.8 11.3 14.5 17.9 11.4 14.5 10.7 19.3 N p 0 0 - Control 7 13 - N.S. 27 13 - 6.6 52 13 - N.S. 77 13 - 7.1 1968 Stubble Stubble + 1 18.4 25.2 30.4 18.2 29.9 24.7 30.8 28.9 23.3 25.2 Stubble + 3 Ton 15.1 15.3 17.0 21.4 19.3 Stubble + 3 Ton 8.2 11.8 17.0 18.2 22.6_ Ton Stubble + 3 20.3 16.1 21.3 26.4 29.5 Ton 

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The influence of straw residues on nutrient uptake and grain yield of wheat

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