Fujara, F.

Heitjans, P.

Kresse, B.

Privalov, A. F.

Volgmann, K.

English

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The Open-Access Journal for the Basic Principles of Diffusion Theory, Experiment and Application  7Li Field-Cycling NMR as Powerful Tool for  Investigating Li Ion Conductors K. Volgmann,1,2 B. Kresse,3 A. F. Privalov,3 F. Fujara,3 P. Heitjans1,2  1Institut für Physikalische Chemie u. Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover,  Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany 2Zentrum für Festkörperchemie und Neue Materialien (ZFM), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany 3Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt,  Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany Corresponding author: Paul Heitjans, E-Mail: heitjans@pci.uni-hannover.de Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy subsumes a couple of powerful techniques to investigate the diffusion of Li ions on the microscopic scale. Understanding of these diffusion processes, besides being essential for fundamental aspects, helps in the development of Li ion battery materials. Since conventional NMR spectroscopy measures, e. g., the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 as a function of temperature, this can be a disadvantage for instance in the case of temperature-sensitive samples. Using mainly 1H as probe, field-cycling NMR has been extensively used to study in particular ‘soft matter’ systems (see, e.g., [1]-[3]). This method covers a wide range of frequencies (commonly /2 103….107 Hz) and the temperature can be varied optionally. The dependencies measured for the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 can be compared with various models reflecting, e.g., the crystal structure, the dimensionality of the diffusion pathways, and correlation effects. 7Li field-cycling NMR spin-lattice relaxometry is applied here to reinvestigate Li metal [4, 5]. This model system shows isotropic diffusion, but Li movement is also dependent on the type of lattice and the prevailing defects (see Fig. 1). It is evident that field-cycling NMR is not limited to ‘soft matter’ or, using 7Li, to model systems, but has also the capabilities to help understanding diffusion processes in more complex Li ion conductors relevant for, e.g., batteries [6].  References  [1] F. Noack, Prog. Nucl. Mag. Res. Spectr. 18 (1986) 171-276 [2] R. Kimmich, E. Anoardo, Prog. Nucl. Mag. Res. Spectr. 44 (2004) 257-320 [3] D. Kruk, F. Fujara, P. Gumann, W. Medycki, A. F. Privalov, C. Tacke, Solid State Nucl. Mag. Res. 35 (2009) 152-163 [4] R. Messer, F. Noack, Applied Physics 6, (1975) 79-88 [5] P. Heitjans, A. Körblein, H. Ackermann, D. Dubbers, F. Fujara, H.-J. Stöckmann, J. Phys. F. Met. Phys. 15 (1985) 41-54 [6] M. Graf, B. Kresse, A. F. Privalov, M. Vogel, Solid State Nucl. Magn. Res. 51-52 (2013) 25-30   Fig. 1: Comparison of various models fitted to field-cycling 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation data for Li metal.  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/1

7Li Field-Cycling NMR as Powerful Tool for Investigating Li Ion Conductors

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7Li Field-Cycling NMR as Powerful Tool for Investigating Li Ion Conductors

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