Nuttall, W.F.

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eCommons@USASK

The effect of N and P fertilizer placement on yield of canola and wheat in a continuous crop rotation on Melfort silty clay

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

THE EFFECT OF N AND P FERTILIZER PLACEMENT ON YIELD OF CANOLA AND WHEAT IN A CONTINUOUS CROP ROTATION ON MELFORT SILTY CLAY W. F. NUTTALL Agriculture Canada Research Station Melfort, Saskatchewan Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was applied in a continuous crop rotation at rates of 75 kg N/ha and 0 to 40 kg of P/ha {80 lb. phosphate per acre) in combination with broadcast and incorporated (BR), deep banded (BA), and seed (S) placement methods. Two experiments were designed one in which ~he fertilizer was banded to a depth of 10 em (Table 1) and the other, to a depth of 15 em (Table 4). The fertilizer ~as banded perpendicular to the direction of seeding a width of 22.9 em with narrow anhy'drous ammonia applicator knives. The results show that there is little difference in yield of canola between application methods (10 em depth) in Table 1. Generally with the hig:hest fertilizer rates of phosphorus, yields of canola are the highest with the greatest economic return per hectare or acre. The results show that the heaviest rate of phosphorus (30 P or 60 lb. phosphate/acre) deep banded gave a good return on fertilizer invested. The lower rates banded in combination with nitrogen banded showed an economic loss. Similarly, in Table 2, little difference in yield of wheat was obtained between application methods (10 em). The highest yields were obtained with the highest fertilizer rates averaged over 1982 to 1984. On the average, over the 1982 to 1984 period there was no economic loss on fertilizer invested with wheat (Table 3). With the deeper banding of fertilizer (Table 4) to 15 em there was no 133 advantage over the 10 em deep banding application method. At the heaviest rates of P, combinations of seed placed, broadcast and deep banded fertilizer gave the highest yields. The highest yields generally gave the greatest return on fertilizer invested (Table 5). The treatments resulting in the lowest yields of wheat generally had the highest amount of nitrate at the 30 to 60 em depth (Table 6). Higher uptake of N because of higher yields would explain the low soil test results where N fertilizer was applied at 75 kg per ha. In both Tables 7 and 8, it is shown that the soil test for phosphorus is increased with the highest phosphorus fertilizer rates. The highest yields, therefore, are associated with the highest phosphorus soil tests and associated inversely with the nitrate-nitrogen test at the 30 to 60 em depth. The results indicate that broadcasting and incorporating; and deep banding of N were equally effective methods of applying N fertilizer (34-0-0 or ammonium nitrate) for wheat and canola. The results indicate, also, that seed placement; deep banding; and combination of seed placement and deep banding of P were equally effective methods of applying phosphorus fertilizer for wheat and canola grown on Melfort silty clay. However urea (46-0-0) is now a very popular N fertilizer and is much more volatile than 34-0-0. Farmers are advised to apply this fertilizer in accordance with the recommendations of the 11 Saskatchewan Fertilizer Practices 11 guide available at Agriculture Canada Research Stations, Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan and local Agricultural Representative offices. 134 Table 1. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement on Yield of Canola and Economic Return, 1981 Ferti1 i zer Return placement Regent over and rate Canol a fertilizer . Code N P** yield cost* ----- kg/ha ----- t/ha $/ha --6 75 BR 30 s 1.20 78.30 23 75 BA 20 S+BA 1.13 71.80 21 75 BA 30 BA 1.08 42.30 9 75 BR 30 BA 1.07 38.40 24 75 BA 30 S+BA 1.06 37.20 18 75 BA 30 s 1.05 32.40 17 75 BA 20 s 1.02 38.80 10 75 BR 10 S+BA 1.01 48.80 5 75 BR 20 s 1.00 33.70 22 75 BA 10 S+BA 0.93 27.20 4 75 BR 10 s 0.92 22.70 12 75 BR 30 S+BA 0.90 -12.00 7 75 BR 10 BA 0.87 9.20 16 75 BA 10 s 0.85 2.60 1 75 BR 0 0.84 14.70 8 75 BR 20 BA 0.84 -15.50 15 11 BA 20 BA 0.80 14.44 3 11 s 20 s 0.73 -4.76 11 75 BR 20 S+BA 0.73 -49.10 19 75 BA 10 BA o. 71 -40.30 20 75 BA 20 BA 0.71 -55.10 13 75 BA 0 0.68 -34.50 2 0 0 0.63 0.00 BR - Broadcast and incorporated BA - Deep banded, 10 em S - Seed placed S+BA - One-half seed placed and deep banped Canola - $300/t; N = 66¢/kg, P = $1.45/kg or 64¢/kg P2o5 *To convert return of $/ha to $/ac. divided by 2.5. **The rate of phosphorus shown multiplied by 2 gives the rate of phosphate (P2o5) in lb/acre. 135 Table 2. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement on Yield of Wheat Fertilizer placement and.rate Neepawa wheat yield Code N p 1982 1983 1984 1982-84 ----- kg/ha --~-------------- t/ha -------------21 75 BA 30 BA 3.80 3.13 2.60 3.18 6 75. BR 30 s 3'.58 3.15 2.51 3.08 24 75 BA 30 S+BA 3.57 2.91 2.74 3.08 9 75 BR 30 BA 3.61 3.07 2.52 3.07 5 75 BR 20 s 3.67 2.96 2.38 3.00 18 75 BA 30 s 3.71 2.91 2.30 2.97 22 75 BA 10 S+BA 3.71 2.76 2.28 2.92 12 75 BR 30 S+BA 3.65 3.11 1.96 2.91 16 75 BA 10 s 3.36 3.06 2.27 2.89 17 75 BA 20 s 3.39 3.01 2.22 2.87 23 75 BA 20 S+BA 3.48 2.82 2.32 2.87 4 75 BR 10 s 3.28 2.93 2.35 2.85 8 75 BR 20 BA 3.53 2.86 2.07 2.82 7 75 BR 10 BA 3.46 2.86 2.05 2.79 10 75 BR 10 BA 3.34 2.98 2.00 2.77 11 75 BR 20 BA 3.20 2.99 2.12 2. 77 20 75 BA 20 BA 3.53 2.87 1.88 2.76 19 75 BA 10 BA 3.09 2.82 2.15 2.69 13 75 BA 0 3.05 2.80 1.87 2.58 3 11 s 20 s 2.88 2.83 1.84 2.51 1 75 BR 0 .2. 91 2.93 1.53 2.45 15 11 BA 20 BA 2.76 2.17 2.13 2.36 2 0 0 2.71 1.97 1.39 2.02 BR - Broadcast and incorporated BA - Deep banded, 10 em S - Seed placed S+BA - One-half seed placed and deep banded 136 Table 3. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement on Economic Return with Wheat Fertilizer placement and rate Return over fertilizer cost Code N p 1982 1983 1984 1982-84 ----- kg/ha ----- ---~----------- $/ha ---------------21 75 BA 30 BA 125.40 138.60 148.80 137.40 6 75 BR 30 s 79.80 143.60 131.00 118.00 24 75 BA 30 S+BA 79.60 95.60 177.40 117.40 9 75 BR 30 BA 87.20 128.00 133.00 116.00 5 75 BR 20 s 112.30 119.30 119.90 117.10 18 75 BA 30 s 107.40 95.00 88.60 96.80 22 75 BA 10 S+BA 136.40 94.00 113.80 114.60 12 75 BR 30 S+BA 95.40 136.00 19.80 83.60 16 75 BA 10 s 65.80 153.60 111.20 110.00 17 75 BA 20 s 57.90 129.30 88.10 91.50 23 · 75 BA 20 S+BA 75.90 91.30 106.50 91.10 4 75 BR 10 s 49.80 128.20 128.20 . 102.00 8 75 BR 20 BA 85.30 100.30 56.50 80.50 7 75 BR 10 BA 85.60 113.40 68.60 89.00 10 75 BR 10 BA 61.60 138 .• 40 57.20 85.60 11 75 BR 20 BA 19.10 125.90 66.50 70.30 20 75 BA 20 BA 85.30 101.70 18.90 68.50 19 75 BA 10 BA 12.00 107.20 87.20 68.60 13 75 BA 0 18.30 117.70 46.90 60.90 3 11 s 20 s -3.26 135.74 53.34 61.74 1 75 BR 0 -10.50 142.30 -22.50 36.30 15 11 BA 20 BA -26.26 4.54 111.94 29.94 2 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 BR - Broadcast and incorporated BA - Deep banded, 10 em S - Seed placed S+BA - One-half seed placed and deep banded Wheat - $200/t; N = 66¢/kg, P = $1.45/kg or 64¢/kg P205 *To convert return of $/ha. to $/ac, divide by 2.5. 137 Table 4. ~ffect of N P Fertilizer Placement (15 em banding) on Yield of Wheat Fert i1 i zer placement and rate Neepawa wheat yield Code N p 1982 1983 1984 1982-84 ----- kg/ha ------------------ t/ha -------------10 75 BA 30 S+BA 3.10 2.49 2.46 2.68 12 75 BA 40 S+BA 2.93 2.58 2.48 2.66 13 7'5 BA 40 BR+BA 2.81 2.25 2.60 2.55 7 75 BA 20 s 2.31 2.68 2.45 2.48 11 75 BA 30 BR+BA 2.68 2.16 2.56 2.47 9 75 BA 20 BA 2.54 2.28 2.51 2 .• 44 6 75 BA 10 BA 2.30 2.52 2.38 2.40 8 75 BA 20 BR 2.24 2.50 2.34 2.36 5 75 BA 0 2.39 2.63 1.97 2.33 3 11 s 20 s 2.80 2.06 1.90 2.25 4 11 BR 20 BR 2.19 2.21 1.82 2.07 2 11 s 0 2.26 1.98 1.71 1.98 1 0 0 2.07 1.60 1.65 1.77 Tabla 5. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement (15 em banding) on Economic Return with Wheat Fertilizer placement and rate Return over fertilizer cost* Code N p 1982 1983 1984 . 1982-84 ----- kg/ha --------------------- $/ha ---------------10 12 13 7 11 9 6 8 5 3 4 2 1 75 BA 30 S+BA 75 BA 40 S+BA 75 BA 40 BR+BA 75 BA 20 s 75 BA 30 BR+BA 75 BA 20 BA 75 BA . 10 BA 75 BA 20 BR 75 BA 0 llS 20 s 11 BR 20 BR 11 s 0 0 0 BR - Broadcast and incorporated BA - Deep banded, 15 em S - Seed placed 112.40 64.50 39 .so· -31.10 29.60 15.10 -18.00 -44.90 13.90 110.34 -12.06 0.54 0.00 S+BA - One-half seed placed and deep banded 84.00 87.70 21.70 137.50 18.00 57.10 119.80 100.70 156.30 54.34 84.54 38.14 o.oo Wheat - $200/t; N = 66¢/kg; P = $1.45/kg or 64¢ kg P2o5• *To convert return of $/ha to $/lb, divide by 2.5. 69.00 88.40 58.50 70.30 83.70 48.30 82.70 63.10 89.20 45.60 93.10 55.10 82.40 61.40 59.70 38.50 15.30 61.90 14.74 59.74 -2.26 23.34 -24.06 4.94 0.00 0.00 Table 6. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement (10 em banding) on Nitrate-N in Soil Code 4 14 9 12 20 3 10 5 16 2 23 1 Code 21 18 24 19 5 15 12 20 3 8 9 17 Fertilizer Fertilizer placement placement and rate Nit rat e-N and rate Ni trate-N N p 30-60 em Code N p 30-60 em ---- kg/ha - f.lg/2g - ---- kg/ha ---- - f.i9/2g -75 BR 10 s 14.3 6 75 BR 30 s 4.9 0 0 13.6 17 75 BA 10 BA 4.5 75 BR 30 BA 11.7 8 75 BR 20 BA 4.2 75 BA 30 S+BA 10.1 18 75 BA 30 s 4.2 75 BA 20 BA 9.4 22 75 BA 10 S+BA 3.1 11 s 20 s 9.4 21 75 BA 30 BA 2.6 75 BR 10 S+BA 7.0 13 75 BA 0 2.4 75 BR 20 s 6.3 11 75 BR 20 S+BA 2.4 75 BA 10 s 5.9 24 75 BA 30 S+BA 2.4 0 0 5.6 17 75 BA 20 s 2.4 75 BA 20 S+BA 5.2 7 75 BR 10 BA 2.3 ! 75 BR 0 , 4. 9 15 11 BA 20 BA 2.1 Table 7. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement (10 em banding) on Sodium Bicarbonate So1ub1e-P in Soil Fertilizer Fert i1 i zer placement NaHC0 3- placement NaHC03-and rate D and rate p I N p 0-15 em Code N p 0-15 em ---- kg/ha ---- fl g/ g ---- kg/ha ---- v9/9 75 BA 30 BA 16.6 23 75 BA 20 S+BA 9.5 75 BA 30 s 16.1 11 75 BR 20 S+BA 8.9 75 BA 30 S+BA 15.4 16 75 BA 10 s 8.9 75 BA 10 BA 11.7 6 75 BR 30 s 8.3 75 BR 20 s 11.6 14 0 0 7.1 11 BA 20 BA ll.5 22 75 BA 10 S+BA 7.0 75 BR 30 S+BA 11.2 4 75 BR 10 s 6.7 75 BA 20 BA 11.1 10 75 BR 10 S+BA 6.3 11 s 20 s 10.8 7 75 BR 10 BA 5.7 75 BR 20 BA 10.0 2 0 0 5.5 75 BR 30 BA 9.8 1 75 BR 0 5.0 75 BA 20 s 9.7 13 75 BA 0 4.7 Table 8. Effect of N P Fertilizer Placement (15 em banding) on Sodium Bicarbonate Soluble-P in Soil Fertilizer placement and rate NaHC03-P Code N p 0-15 em ------ kg/ha ------ - J.lg/g -12 75 BA 40 S+BA 23.1 13 75 BA 40 BR+BA 21.7 11 75 BA 30 BR+BA 20.4 4 11 BR 20 BR 15.9 8 75 BA 20 BR 15.1 10 75 BA 30 S+BA 14.9 9 75 BA 20 BA 12.8 3 11 s 20 s 9.8 6 75 BA 10 BA 8.7 7 75 BA 20 s 8.3 1 0 0 7.9 2 11 s 0 5.6 5 75 BA 0 5.4 140 

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The effect of N and P fertilizer placement on yield of canola and wheat in a continuous crop rotation on Melfort silty clay

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