Banniza, S.

Doggen-Bouchard, F.

Phelps, S.

English

eCommons@USASK

What in the soil is going on with prairie field pea production?

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

What in the soil is going on with prairie field pea production?Sabine BannizaWith input from Sherrilyn Phelps (SPG) and Faye Doggen-Bouchard (SK Ministry of AG)March 2015CROP DEVELOPMENT CENTREPrevalence of root rot• 2009: 38% of 144 pea fields• 2010: 29% of 112 pea fields• 2012: First definite confirmation of Aphanomyces• 2013: Aphanomyces confirmed in 11 municipalitiesDokken-Bouchard, Armstrong-Cho and colleagues, published in the Canadian Plant Disease SurveyWeather patterns20102011 2012 20134Peas do not like wet feet….but some soil pathogens really love itRoot rot pathogens• Root rots usually caused by a combination of species  root rot complex• Soil samples analyzed to date always revealed – Fusarium spp.– in many cases Aphanomyces euteiches– sometimes Rhizoctonia and PythiumRoot rot pathogens• Species with a wider host range– Fusarium spp. (e.g. solani, avenaceum, acuminatum, graminearum)– Rhizoctonia solani– Pythium spp.• Relatively host-specific species:– Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.pisi or f. sp. lentis– Aphanomyces euteiches• True fungi– Fusarium spp. – Rhizoctonia solani• Fungus-like organisms– Pythium spp.– Aphanomyces euteichesSeed treatments• True fungi and fungus-like organisms are controlled by different actives • Protection for  approximately 3 weeks• Protection of the seed, not an extended root system• No effective pea seed treatment against AphanomycesSymptomsPatches of pea plants with —stunting—yellowing—poor root growth—Little or no nodulation—browning of root areaPhoto courtesy of S. Phelps, SPGThe most frequent pathogens: FusariumCourtesy of F. Dokken-Bouchard, SMACourtesy of S. Chatterton, AAFCC. Armstrong-ChoThe increasingly more common pathogen:Aphanomyces euteichesInfected roots with caramel brown discolourationHealthy cream coloured rootsAphanomyces euteiches• First confirmed report in SK in 2012• Widespread identification in soil and plant roots across SK in 2014• Has likely been present for a long time• Recent conducive conditions for build-up of pathogenData from CDC, Discovery Seed Lab, Sask Ministry Diagnostic LabAphanomyces euteiches• Belongs to the ‘water moulds’ like Pythium• Survival of oospores in the soil without a host for up to 20 years• Is mobile (zoospores) and can move with the water• No effective chemical controls to dateEffect of water-logging on aphanomyces root rot severityNormal wateringNon sterile      vs      sterile field soilWater-loggedNon sterile       vs     sterile field soilUndergraduate student thesis project 2013: Matthew TetreaultContributing factors to root rot increaseReduces risk Increases riskDry, well-drained soils Wet, water-logged soilsNo soil compaction Soil compactionDiverse, long rotations Tight rotationsBalanced nutrient supplies including spring NNutrient deficienciesSoil compaction• Soil type– Higher clay content more susceptible to compaction• Traffic on the soil– Weight of machinery– Soil wetness• Rooting depth of crops– Deep-rooting crops can counteract compaction (to some degree)Rotation• Generally 4-year rotations • In case of Aphanomyces 6- to 8-year rotations away from a susceptible hostCrop selection• All pulse crops susceptible to Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia• Pea, lentil and possibly many alfalfa varieties are also susceptible to aphanomyces root rot• Soybean, fababean and chickpeas have good partial resistance to aphanomycesroot rotVarietal differences in resistance: Lentil00.511.522.533.544.55Disease severity (0-5)Alternative pulse crop: Faba bean0102030405060708090100Severity (%) or root discolourationResistance in pea to aphanomyces root rot• Extensive screening in pea in France and USA• USDA lines received by CDC• French selection currently not available0102030405060708090100CDC MeadowPI 660734PI 660735PI 660731PI 660730PI 660732PI 660736PI 660729PI 660733CDC FrontierRoot symptom severity (%)Resistance in lentil to aphanomyces root rot• Moderate resistance in interspecifc lentil germplasm (score of 3)• Iranian germplasm at USDAParents/LinesDisease reactionsParents/LinesDisease reactionsP-LR26 -Eston 5 P-LR59 -Eston 5P-IG 72815 3 P-L01827 A 3LR26-12 7 LR59-4 3LR26-19 7 LR59-10 3LR26-20 5 LR59-14 9LR26-183 9 LR59-23 5LR26-187 5 LR59-27 5LR26-216 3 LR59-29 5LR26-220 5 LR59-55 5LR26-240 5 LR59-62 7LR26-241 9 LR59-76 5LR26-253 3 LR59-81 5LR26-274 9 LR59-86 7LR26-281 7 LR59-90 5LR26-290 5 LR59-126 5LR26-293 9 LR59-127 9LR26-300 7 LR59-133 7Strategies for 2015• Rotation: minimum of 4-6 year pea/lentil rotations• Field selection: lighter soil, good drainage• Soil fertility: 15 lbs/acre available N• Seed quality: high germ & quality• Seed treatmentsMore information on SPG websitehttp://www.saskpulse.com/uploads/content/141104_Root_Rot_Brochure_web.pdfDiagnostic LabsLab Location Web addressDiscovery Seed Lab Saskatoon www.seedtesting.comBDS Labs Qu’Appellewww.bdslabs.com20/20 Seed Labs Nisku www.2020seedlabs.caCrop Protection LabRegina www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/Crop_Protection_LabTests available for roots and/or soil: – Microscopy– Baiting soil with a susceptible plant species– Molecular testing of plant and soil samplesIndividual labs may differ in testing methods and sample requirements.  Please check with lab prior to sending samplesAlternative pulse crops: Chickpeawww.saskpulse.comwww.agr.gov.sk.ca/chickpea-ascochytaAlternative pulse crops: Faba beanhttp://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/crops/Faba_BeanAlternative pulse crops: Soybeanwww.agriculture.gov.sk.caForecast for 2015: Western Producer January 29A successful 2015!Agri-Food CanadaAgriculture and CROP DEVELOPMENT CENTRE

https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/8909/1/S.%20Banniza%2c%202015.pdf

What in the soil is going on with prairie field pea production?

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