Huang, J.

Khakbazan, M.

Michiels, P.

English

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

Effects of precision farming, N rate and temporal trends on wheat yield and productivityM. Khakbazan, J. Huang, P. MichielsSoils&Crops2018, U of S, SKStudy Issue• Land management, cropping systems, and nutrient management significantly affect nutrient use efficiency and profitability.• Over use of fertilizer cause significant environmental and economic impacts.• With the significant attention to precision agriculture in recent time, more research is needed to assess the effectiveness of this technologyImportance of precision agriculture• Research Question: Can variable rate N management be used to improve efficiency of fertilizer use and farm economy? • Evaluate the economic and environmental viability of precision agriculture to improve N use efficiency and profitability at the farm and watershed scale.ObjectiveStudy Area• South Tobacco Creek (STC) Watershed• 150 km2 SW of Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaSpatial distribution of crops in 2016Wheat and canola are common crops in STCAbout 35 farms and 350 fieldsMethodology• Agronomic, yield and soil data were compiled by field for the STC from 2006-2016.• These data and productivity Index (MASC) based on a 10-year moving average were used to delineate management zones in the watershed.• GIS and Limdep (NLOGIT 4.0) Econometric Software was used to analyze the data because Limdep is more suited for the STC panel data analysis.Methodology• A yield function and net revenue were estimated taking into account zones, temporal trends, and individual management practices.• Zone (spatial), time (temporal), and other conservation management effects (Xi):• Yield =a+bN+cN2+βiXi+λ*Zone + θ*Time• Quadratic and linear was tested to find the fitYear20062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Wheat yield (kg ha-1)2000250030003500400045005000550060005D 5E 5F 12D 12E Average yield per zone for wheatAverage N per zone for wheatYear20062007200820092010201120122013201420152016Wheat nitrogen application (kg ha-1)7080901001101201301405D 5E 5F 12D 12E     Estimated fixed effects  Estimated fixed effects Variables Coefficient t-ratio  Zone Coefficient t-ratio  Period Coefficient t-ratio N 22.73 3.85  5D 36.05 2.08  2006 -415.64 -5.94 N2 -0.04 -1.77  5E -56.75 -2.28  2007 -519.25 -5.73 P 2.98 1.54  5F -607.40 -2.97  2008 154.04 2.57 K 0.72 0.45  12D 215.08 0.97  2009 393.39 5.67 S 0.50 0.20  12E 52.54 0.87  2010 110.07 2.23 Res Cov 328.18 2.09      2011 -995.29 -16.17 Constant 1486.52 4.21      2012 126.94 2.45         2013 76.02 1.06         2014 512.02 10.34         2015 280.57 4.34         2016 -148.68 -2.86  Effects of input variables, zones, and years on wheat yield• Zone (spatial) and time (temporal) effects:Yield =a+bN+cN2+βiXi+λ*Zone + θ*Time• Quadratic and linear was tested to find the fitRisk zone Farm ID # of land STC MASC N Simulation model: yield=a+bN+cN2 ---------  Kg ha-1 --------- a b c Optimum N 5D 24 15 3049 3578 101 -7573 164 -0.57 144       (0.148) (0.146) (0.323)   41 71 3279 3578 107 -257 53 -0.182 145       (0.846) (0.065) (0.224)   47 42 3213 3578 89 -3109 111 -0.419 132       (0.173) (0.022) (0.073)   101 46 3681 3578 103 -10202 237 -0.984 121       (0.012) (0.002) (0.007)   All farms 470 3579 3578 103 -2923 107 -0.415 129       (0.002) (<0.001) (<0.001)            5E 47 14 3426 3540 84 -9581 278 -1.42 98       (0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001)   49 69 3529 3540 102 -2763 102 -0.393 130       (0.429) (0.144) (0.254)   62 26 3298 3540 100 -4058 122 -0.461 132       (0.019) (<0.001) (0.001)   All farms 318 3540 3540 105 -2254 93 -0.352 132       (0.007) (<0.001) (<0.001)   Note: P value for each parameter of the model is listed in the parenthesis and optimum N is calculated based on the model.Quadratic response of wheat yield to applied N rate in STCEffects of input variables, management, and years on wheat yield in Soil Zone 5D    Estimated fixed effects  Estimated fixed effects Variables Coefficient t-ratio  Farmers Coefficient t-ratio  Period Coefficient t-ratio N 54.74 3.24  1 -578.33 -4.52  2006 -281.77 -2.66 N2 -0.19 -2.32  2 -66.01 -0.69  2007 -420.91 -3.37 K 5.93 2.19  3 -529.30 -3.43  2008 72.79 1.02 Constant -66.50 -0.08  4 699.35 9.14  2009 314.40 3.58     5 -331.12 -6.18  2010 63.10 0.90     6 -14.93 -0.18  2011 -1190.65 -16.32     7 -78.85 -1.21  2012 60.40 0.93     8 4.97 0.08  2013 192.24 1.80     9 -4.29 -0.06  2014 733.26 11.12     10 882.33 8.83  2015 284.78 2.93         2016 -95.20 -1.38  Results• There were generally no productivity differences between zones when analysis was done over years but when period was assumed as fixed effect there were differences between zones.• Both spatial (zone) and temporal (time) variability had effects on crop productivity, but temporal trends had the greater effect.• Also, conservation tillage had positive effects on crop yield and economics.Economic results• More productive land showed higher yield and nearly $40 ha-1more net revenue than less productive land within the STC with the same N rate applied. • However, the probability of crop loss occurrence due to extreme temporal variability was 36% for the past 11 years for wheat, and average crop loss when it occurred was about 15%.• Excessive moisture (i.e., 2011) or drought (i.e., 2006) in the past 11 years have caused, on average, about 6% per ha per year yield loss for wheat.• The average net loss was about $44 ha-1 yr-1 for wheat and $60 ha-1 yr-1 for a wheat-canola cropping system. • The effect of temporal trends highlights the importance of other management practices like “tile drainage” in Manitoba.Acknowledgements• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Growing Forward for providing financial support for this project• Deerwood Soil and Water Management Association for collecting data• Manitoba Agriculture Service Corporation for providing crop yield and N fertilizer data• We also greatly acknowledge technical contributions from the Lake Winnipeg Watershed Project team.

Effects of precision farming, N rate, and temporal trends on wheat yield and productivity

eCommons@USASK

https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/10388/8696/1/M.%20Khakbazan%20et%20al.%2c%202018.pdf

Effects of precision farming, N rate, and temporal trends on wheat yield and productivity

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Saskatchewan Research Archive

eCommons@USASK