Prostatic biopsy technique. Historical review

Abstract

This article contains histological review of prostate biopsies techniques from the digitally guided prostate biopsies to modern extended-core prostate biopsy protocols. The technique of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided biopsy of the prostate has evolved considerably since the original description by K. K. Hodge and colleagues. A better understanding of the zonal anatomy of the prostate coupled with 3-D mapping of tumors in early stage prostate cancer has led to more laterally-directed biopsies and an increase in the number of cores obtained in a single setting. Most investigators recommend sampling between 10 and 12 areas, with particular focus on the lateral segments of the gland. Data gained from systematic extended-core biopsy protocols offer the hope of providing both diagnostic and prognostic information and may help urologists and patients make better informed decisions when facing with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The first TRUS-guided sextant biopsy in Lithuania was performed at the Department of Urology, Institute Oncology of Vilnius University in 2000. Today the techniques used for TRUS-guided biopsies have evolved and now a protocol as a standard for an initial biopsy recommends obtaining 10 to 12 cores extended to lateral pattern