Kiuchi, Manabu

Mendoza, Victor

Yanagimoto, Jun

Simplified Chinese

UT Repository

ꖒ
臧⵬腀腀莑帷ㄠㆁ䀱䔺腠
貤腀貤
㌷㚁䂁䂁䁖潬⸠㐷⁎漮‸ ㄹ㤵⸠㠩
讆 醬腀闱
卅䥓䅎ⵋ䕎䭙
䕸瑲畳楯渠潦⁒散瑡湧畬慲⁓散瑩潮猠慮搠䅮来汥
ⵔ桲敥ⵄ業敮獩潮慬⁁湡汹獩猠批⁒楧楤ⵐ污獴楣⁆䕍ⴲ
覟软芵见赈苌酙邫闏豠鏁邫
裪趄酙邫䙅䶂즂躟貳闏豠觰郍ⴲ
䵡湡扵⁋䥕䍈䤪Ⱐ䩵渠奁乁䝉䵏呏⨠慮搠噩捴潲⁍䕎䑏婁
雘腀鏠腀腀腀詷ꖖ䂖箁䂁䂁䂏膥荲荎荧腛莋腀莁莓荨ⶃ
ㄮ‱乔剏䑕䍔㄰
䥮⁴桥⁰牥獥湴⁰慰敲⁡⁴桲敥ⵤ業敮獩潮慬⁲楧楤⵰污獴楣
晩湩瑥⁥汥浥湴⁣潤攬⁃佐剅卓⁓祳瑥浬⤠楳⁡条汮⁡灰汩敤⁴
瑨攠慮慬祳楳⁯映數瑲畳楯渠灲潣敳献⁔桩猠瑩浥⁴桥⁣潭灵瑡
瑩潮慬⁥硡浰汥猠慲攠數瑥湤敤⸠周攠捲潳猠獥捴楯湳⁯映瑨
灲潤畣瑳⁡牥⁶慲楥搠晲潭⁲散瑡湧畬慲⁴漠慮杬攠獥捴楯湳ꔠ周
慳灥捴⁲慴楯⁯映瑨敭⁩猠癡物敤⁡汳漠楮⁡⁶敲礠睩摥⁲慮来⹁獩
瑨攠灲敶楯畳⁷潲欠瑨攠數瑲畳楯渠灲潣敳猠楳⁡獳畭敤⁴漠扥
捡牲楥搠潵琠晲潭⁲潵湤⁢楬汥瑳⁴桲潵杨⁦污琭晡捥搠摩敳
䉥獩摥猠瑨攠灲敤楣瑩潮⁯映瑨攠慶敲慧攠數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥
瑨攠敦晥捴⁯映瑨攠慳灥捴⁲慴楯⁡湤⁴桥⁥捣敮瑲楣楴礠潦⁴桥⁤楥
潮⁴桥⁭整慬晬潷⁩猠獴畤楥搮⁒敳畬瑳⁯渠瑨攠癥汯捩瑹⁡湤
獴牥慭⁬楮敳⁤楳瑲楢畴楯渠慲攠灲敳敮瑥搮
㈮⁃位偕呁吱ぎ䅌⁍佄䕌匠但⁒䕃呁乇啌䅒
䅎䐠䅎䝌䔠卅䍔㄰乓
䍏偒䕓匠卹獴敭⁩猠愠捯浰畴敲⁣潤攠扡獥搠潮⁴桥
物杩搭灬慳瑩挠䙅䴠景牭畬慴楯渠睨潳攠桩獴潲礠慮搠瑨敯特⁬
睥汬⁤潣畭敮瑥搲⤠慮搠景爠捯湣楳敮敳猠楳⁮潴⁲数敡瑥搠桥牥
啳楮朠䍏偒䕓匠卹獴敭Ⱐ數瑲畳楯渠潦⁲散瑡湧畬慲⁡湤
慮杬攠捲潳猭獥捴楯湳⁰牯摵捴猠晲潭⁲潵湤⁢楬汥瑳⁴桲潵杨
湡琭晡捥搠摩敳⁩猠獩浵污瑥搠慳⁳桯睮⁩渠䙩朮‱⸠周攠數瑲畳楯
灲潣敳猠捯湤楴楯湳⁵湤敲⁷桩捨⁴桥⁣潭灵瑡瑩潮猠慲
捡牲楥搠潵琠慲攠瑨攠獡浥⁡猠楮氩⸠䅬獯Ⱐ瑨攠獴牥獳⵳瑲慩
牥污瑩潮獨楰⁯映瑨攠浡瑥物慬⁯映瑨攠睯牫灩散攠楳⁧汖敮⁩湬⦥
呡扬敳′⁡湤″⁳桯眠瑨攠摩浥湳楯湳⁯映瑨攠灲潤畣琠景
牥捴慮杵污爠慮搠慮杬攠捲潳猭獥捴楯渠灲潤畣瑳Ⱐ牥獰散瑩癥汹
周攠来潭整物捡氠捯浰汥硩瑹⁯映瑨攠灲潤畣琬⁩ꕥꔠ捲潳猭
獥捴楯湡氠獨慰攠潦⁴桥⁤楥⁥硩琬⁩猠摥晩湥搠批⁴桥⁡獰散琠牡瑩漬
䑘䔯䑙䔠慮搠瑨攠慮杬攠莿
⩉湳瑩瑵瑥⁯映汮摵獴物慬⁓捩敮捥Ⱐ啮楶敲獩瑹⁯映呯歹
䑉
䙩朮‱⁁ⴳ⁄⁥硴牵獩潮⁰牯捥獳⁴桲潵瑨⁡晬污琭晡捥
摩攮
呡扬漠ㄠ䕸瑲畳楯渠灲潣敳猠捯湤楴楯湳⁦潲⁣潭灵瑡瑩潮
⡉⤠䍯湴慩湥爠汥湧瑨㪁䁄婃㴱〰⁲湭
⡩椩⁃潮瑡楮敲⁲慤極猺腀到ⴠ㔰⁭
⡩楩⤠䉥慲楮朠裪敮杴栺腀腀婂㨠㌰⁭
⡩瘩⁐畮捨⁶敬潣楴示腀噺挽‱〠浭⽓
⡖⤠䙲楣瑩潮⁣潥晆楣汥湴㪁䁊䰭ⴠ〮
呡扬漠㊁䁃潭灵瑡瑩潮慬⁭潤敬猠潦⁲散瑡湧畬慲⁳散瑩潮
晲潭⁲潵湤⁢楬汥瑳
呡扬漠㎁䁃潭灵瑡瑩潮慬⁭潤敬猠潦⁡湧汥⁳散瑩潮猠晲潭
牯畮搠扩汬整献
汈鏺鏺鏺鏺汈郬䡈䢐汈䢓望望望敖䡈郬鏺鏺鏺鏺郬䡈汬鏺鏺鏺鏺㵈汈腡郬㵬䡬䡬鏺鏺鏺鏺㵬䡈鏺鏺鏺鏺㶓望敖憐望𤋮䢁憐䡈郬腡郬沐䡈䢐䡬䢓望望望
ㄸ癯氮‴㜠乯⸠㠠⠱㤹㔮‸ 卅䥓䅎⹋䕎䭙喁䂁䂁䀳㜷
汉轂㶏䊐望敖憐郬䰽䥬汬䲏䊓望望望嬨挽鏺鏺郬轂㵈䱉䥉汈䵬䠱ㅉ汬郬轂郬汈轂郬貤腀讆腀醬腀闱
䙯爠牥捴慮杵污爠獥捴楯湳Ⱐ瑨攠散捥湴物捩瑹⁯映瑨攠摩攠楳
癡物敤⁦牯洠〠瑯腀㌯㕒⸠睩瑨⁶慲楡瑩潮猠潦‱⼵副⸠䥮⁳潭
捡獥猬⁢散慵獥⁯映瑨攠来潭整特⁯映瑨攠瑯潬楮本⁩琠楳⁮潴
灯獳楢汥⁴漠獩浵污瑥⁥捣敮瑲楣楴楥猠污牧敲⁴桡渠㈯㕒澥⁆潲
慮杬攠獥捴楯湳Ⱐ楴⁩猠楮瑥牥獴楮朠瑯⁤整敲浩湥⁴桥⁯灴業畭
散捥湴物捩瑹⁯映瑨攠摩攠楮⁯牤敲⁴漠来琠瑨攠浩湩浵洠數瑲畳楯
灲敳獵牥ꔠ周敲敦潲攬⁴桥⁥捣敮瑲楣楴礠潦⁴桥⁤楥⁩猠癡物敤
晲潭‭㌯㕒漠瑯′⼵副ꔠ䥴⁩猠湯瑥搠瑨慴⁩渠潲摥爠瑯⁣潭灡牥⁴桥
敦晥捴⁯映瑨攠獥捴楯渠獨慰攠慮搠瑨攠慳灥捴⁲慴楯⁯渠瑨
捨慲慣瑥物獴楣猠潦⁴桥⁮潷⁯映浡瑥物慬Ⱐ瑨攠數瑲畳楯渠牡瑩
⡣牯獳⵳散瑩潮慬⁡牥愠潦⁴桥⁢楬汥琯捲潳猠獥捴楯湡氠慲敡⁯映瑨
數瑲畤敤⁰牯摵捴⤠楳⁫数琠捯湳瑡湴⁦潲⁥慣栠潦⁴桥⁳散瑩潮慬
獨慰敳⁤敳捲楢敤⁡扯癥
䙩枥′⁡湤″⁳桯眠愠瑹灩捡氠晩湩瑥⁥汥浥湴⁬慹潵琠景
牥捴慮杵污爠慮搠慮杬攠獥捴楯湳⁵獥搠景爠䙅䴠捡汣畬慴楯湳
牥獰散瑩癥汹ꔠ周攠䙅䴠浯摥氠楮捬畤敳⁡⁴潴慬⁯映ㄱ㜶
敩杨璈佤攠扲楣欠敬敭敮瑳⁦潲⁴桥⁣潮瑡楮敲⁳散瑩潮ꔠ䥮
扥慲汮朠慮搠數瑲畤敤⁰牯摵捴⁳散瑩潮猬⁴桥⁮畭扥爠潦
䙩枥′腀䙩湩瑥⁥汥浥湴⁭敳栠潦⁷潲歩湧⁭慴敲楡氠景
捯浰畴慴楯渠潦⁲散瑡湧畬慲⁳散瑩偮区 愩⁴潰
癩敷㬠⡢⤠㌭䐠癩敷
汬ⴭ䤠
䙬枥″腀䙩湩瑥⁥汥浥湴⁭敳栠潦⁷潲歩湧⁭慴敲楡氠景
捯浰畴慴楯渠潦⁡湧汥⁳散瑩潮猺 愩⁴潰⁶楥眻 戩
㌭䐠癩敷
敬敭敮瑳⁶慲楥猠楮⁡捣潲摩湧⁷楴栠瑨攠来潭整物捡氠捯浰汥砭
楴礠潦⁴桥⁣牯獳⁳散瑩潮ꔠ䥮⁢潴栠晩杵牥猠慲攠獨潷渠瑨
捯浰汥瑥⁭潤敬猬⁢畴⁩渠慣瑵慬⁣慬捵污瑩潮猠潮汹⁯湥⁨慬映潦
瑨攠来潭整特⁬匠䍏湓楤敲敤⁤略⁴漠瑨攠獹浭整特
㌮⁒䕓啌呓⁁乄⁄汓䍕卓㄰乓
㌭ㄮ⁒敳畬瑳⁯渠慶敲慧攠數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥
周攠敮敲杹⁣潭灵瑥搠捡渠扥⁣潮癥牴敤⁴漠瑨攠慶敲慧
數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥 偁天⁢礠畳楮朠瑨攠牥污瑩潮⁧楶敮⁢礠䕱
⠱⤮
偁夠
膑
䩆⁒㉯発
睨敲攠膑⁩猠瑨攠晵湣瑩潮慬⁣潲牥獰潮摩湧⁴漠瑨攠䙅
景牭畬慴楯渠杩癥渠楮₁礱Ⱐ㌱⁡湤⁥硰牥獳敳⁴桥⁴潴慬⁥硴牵獩潮
灯睥犥⁒漠楳⁴桥⁣潮瑡楮敲⁲慤極猠慮搠噺挠瑨攠牡洠獰敥撥
䕸瑲畳楯渠潦⁲散瑡湧畬慲⁳散瑩潮猺⁆潲⁴桩猠歩湤⁯
灲潤畣瑳⁴桥⁰汯瑳⁯映瑨攠慶敲慧攠數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥
癡物慴楯渠睩瑨⁴桥⁥捣敮瑲楣楴礠潦⁴桥⁤楥Ⱐ獨潷渠楮⁒枥‴
楮摩捡瑥⁡渠業灯牴慮琠楮捲敭敮琠睨敮⁴桥⁡獰散琠牡瑩
䑘䔯䑙䔠楳⁤散牥慳敤⸠䡯睥癥爬⁴桥⁥捣敮瑲楣楴礠潦⁴桥
摩攠獨潷猠愠獬楧桴⁩湦汵敮捥⁯渠瑨攠數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥
䕸瑲畳楯渠潦⁡湧汥⁳散瑩潮猺⁉琠楳⁷敬氠歮潷渠瑨慴⁴桥
灲敳獵牥⁲敱畩牥搠瑯⁥硴牵摥⁡⁧汖敮⁓散瑩潮⁤数敮摳⁯
浡瑥物慬⁶慲楡扬敳⁡湤⁧敯浥瑲楣⁶慲楡扬敳ꔠ䅭潮朠潴桥
癡物慢汥猬⁩渠摩攠摥獩杮Ⱐ瑨攠炥潳楴楯渠潦⁴桥₤摩攠潰敮汮朠坩瑨
牥獰散琠瑯⁴桥⁢楬汥琠慸楳⁡汳漠慦晥捴猠瑨攠灲斐畲攠牥煵楲ⵥ撥
裪軨ⴠ䑘煄奅㴠
㶁䁄塱䑙䔱ⴸ
椠䑘煄奅㴱
轜䑘䔯䑙䔽ㄠ
⹉塏⁏㙴㈱〾
ⴰ⸱腀め䀰⸱腀〮㊁䀰⸳腀〮㒁䀰⸵腀〮㚁䀰⸷
䑩浥湳楯湬敳猠散捥湴物捩瑹 䕃⽒漩
⡡⤠剥捴慮杵污
䙩枥‴腀噡物慴楯渠潦⁡癥牡来⁥硴牵獩潮⁰牥獳畲攠睩瑨
慳灥捴⁲慴楯⁡湤⁥捣敮瑲楣楴礠潦⁴桥⁤楥⁥硩琠景
牥捴慮杵污爠獥捴楯湳₥
鏺鏺㆓望望望望望望望望望望望望望望嬨挽䡈䠱ㅉ䱉䡈汬汈郬䡈䡈䠽䱈䡬㵬瑬郬鏺鏺䡈䢓望望望悔䡈䡈䡈鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺ㄱ汬汬鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺鏺腣䥉郬鏺鏺䡈䡈鏺鏺郬
ㄹ
芵膣腀⼾㌷ 噯氮‴㜠乯⸠㠠⠱㤹㔮‸
貤腀腀讆腀腀醬
遰
膣
腚
鏺
莀
瑐摍䪁䂔扮卓慊搮䥘〰㙴㉊伾
㠵
㠰
㜵
㜰
㘵
㘰
愽㤰〬⁄塱䑙䔽
愽㤰銆⸠䑘煄奅弭
莿㴹〮Ⲏ䶑ꙙ䥅㴶
愽ㄲを蘬⁄塱䑙䔽
愽ㄠ㈰㠮⁄塅⽄禐戴
愽ㄲ〰⺋牙䔽
腛〮㢁䀭〮㚁䀭〮㒁䀭〮㊁䂁䀰腀腀〮㊁䀰⸴腀〮
䑩浥湳楯湬敳猠散捥湴物捩瑹 䕃⽒漩
䙩朮‵腀噡物慴楯渠潦⁡癥牡来⁥硴牵獩潮⁰牥獳畲攠睩瑨
慳灥捴⁲慴楯⁡湤⁥捣敮瑲楣楴礠潦⁴桥⁤楥⁥硩琠景
慮杬攠獥捴楯湳
周敲敦潲攬⁬琠楳⁩浰潲瑡湴⁴漠摥瑥牭楮攠瑨攠散捥湴物捩瑹⁯
瑨攠摩攠慴⁷桩捨⁴桥⁰牥獳畲攠牥煵楲敤⁩猠浩湩浵涥⁆楧ꔠ
獨潷猠瑨攠癡物慴楯渠潦⁴桥⁡癥牡来⁥硴牵獩潮⁰牥獳畲攠睩瑨
瑨攠散捥湴物捩瑹⁯映瑨攠摩攠景爠慮杬攠獥捴楯湳ꔠ䙲潭⁴桩猠灬潴
潲⁢礠畳汮朠慮⁩湴敲灯污瑩潮⁴散桮楱略Ⱐ楴⁩猠灯獳楢汥⁴
摥瑥牭楮攠瑨攠潰瑩浵洠散捥湴物捩瑹⁦潲⁡⁧汖敮⁓敃瑩潮
䅳⁷潵汤⁢攠數灥捴敤Ⱐ瑨攠捯浰慲楳潮⁡浯湧⁴桥
灲敤楣瑥搠數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥⁦潲⁥慣栠潦⁴桥⁣牯獳⵳散瑩潮慬
獨慰敳⁳桯睳⁨楧桥爠癡汵敳⁦潲‹〰⁡湧汥⁳散瑩潮猠慮搠景
灲潤畣瑳⁷楴栠桩杨⁡獰散琠牡瑩漠癡汵敳⸠周楳⁴牥湤⁣慮⁢
數灬慩湥搠批⁴桥⁦畮捴楯湡氠楮⁴桥⁆䕍⁦潲浵污瑩潮氩ⰲ⤠慮
敱畡瑩潮 ㄩ⁡猠愠捯湳敱略湣攠潦⁴桥⁩湣牥慳攠潦⁩湴敲湡
灯睥爠潦⁤敦潲浡瑩潮⁤略⁴漠瑨攠浯牥⁤牡獴楣⁣桡湧攠潦⁴桥
晬潷⁤楲散瑩潮⁩湳楤攠瑨攠灬慳瑩捡汬礠摥景牭汮朠穯湥
䙯爠慮杬攠獥捴楯湳Ⱐ瑨攠灬潴猠慬獯⁩湤楣慴攠瑨慴⁡⁭楮業畭
癡汵攠潦⁥硴牵獩潮⁰牥獳畲攠楳⁲敡捨敤⁡琠獯浥⁤楥⁥捣敮瑲楣
汴禥⁔桩猠癡汵攠浡礠扥⁤敦楮敤⁡猠瑨攠潰瑩浡氠摩攠散捥湴物捩瑹
楮⁴敲浳⁯映數瑲畳楯渠灲敳獵牥
㌭㈮⁒敳畬瑳⁯渠癥汯捩瑹⁡湤⁳瑲敡浬楮攠摩獴物扵瑩潮
周攠来湥牡氠瑲敮搠潦⁴桥⁶敬潣楴礠摩獴物扵瑩潮⁩猠獩浩污爠景
敡捨⁯映瑨攠慮慬祺敤⁣牯獳⵳散瑩潮慬⁳桡灥献⁁⁴祰楣慬
數慭灬攠楳⁧汖敮⁩渠䙩朮‶⁷桥牥⁴桥⁶敬潣楴礠捯浰潮敮琠噺
楳⁰汯瑴敤⁩渠慬氠瑨攠癯汵浥
佴桥爠業灯牴慮琠晥慴畲敳⁯映瑨攠癥汯捩瑹⁤楳瑲楢畴楯渠捡
扥⁢整瑥爠慰灲散楡瑥搠楮⁴桲敥ⵤ業敮獩潮慬⁰汯瑳Ⱐ慳⁳桯睮
楮⁆楧ꔠ㞥⁉渠瑨敳攠灬潴猬⁴桥⁮潤慬⁰潩湴猠癥汯捩瑩敳
卅䥓䅎ⵋ䕎䭙
䙬枥‶腀䑩獴物扵瑩潮⁯映瑨攠癥汯捩瑹⁣潭灯湥湴⁖媥
䍯牲敳灯湤楮朠瑯⁴桥⁤楥⁥湴牡湣攠灬慮攠慲攠灬潴瑥搠慳
晵湣瑩潮⁯映瑨攠湯摡氠灯楮琠捯潲摩湡瑥猬⁭慫楮朠灯獳楢汥⁴
獥攠愠瑨牥攭摩浥湳楯湡氠獵牦慣攠牥灲敳敮瑩湧⁴桥⁶敬潣汴
摩獴物扵瑩潮⁦潲⁡⁳灥捩晩挠灬慮斥
䅴⁥癥特⁰潳楴楯渠瑨攠慸楡氠癥汯捩瑹⁖稠摥捲敡獥猠潲
楮捲敡獥猠摵攠瑯⁴桥⁦物捴楯湡氠牥瑡牤慴楯渠慴⁴桥⁤楥⁳畲晡捥
潲⁴漠瑨攠捯湴物扵瑩潮⁯映瑨攠灲敦敲敮瑩慬⁴敮摥湣楥猠潦⁴桥
浥瑡汦汯眬⁮慭敬礬⁡琠汯捡瑩潮猠晡爠晲潭⁴桥⁤楥⁷慬氠睨敲
瑨攠晲楣瑩潮慬⁥晦散瑳⁨慳⁮漠汯湧敲⁡渠業灯牴慮琠敦晥捴⸠周
癥汯捩瑹⁤楳瑲楢畴楯渠瑥湤猠瑯⁢攠浯牥⁵湩景牭⁡琠慳灥捴
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䡩杨敲⁡獰散琠牡瑩漠捡畳敳⁨楧桥爠汯捡瑥搠摥景牭慴楯湳Ⱐ瑨
捯浰潮敮瑳⁖砠慮搠噹⁤散牥慳攠睨楣栠楮⁴畲渠汥慤猠瑯⁴桥
汯睥牬湧⁏映瑨攠慸楡氠癥汯捩瑹⁖稠潮⁡捣潵湴⁯映浡瑥物慬
楮捯浰牥獳楢楬楴礮⁁汳漬⁳畣栠愠湯湵湩景牭⁶敬潣楴礠摩猭
瑲楢畴楯渠楳⁥硰散瑥搠瑯⁰牯摵捥⁧牥慴敲⁧物搠摩獴潲瑩潮献
䙯爠桩杨⁡獰散琠牡瑩漠牥捴慮杵污爠獥捴楯湳Ⱐ慮⁩湴敲敳瑩湧
晥慴畲攠楳⁯扳敲癥搠楮⁴桥⁶敬潣楴礠摩獴物扵瑩潮猬⁦潲⁥硡洭
灬攬⁷楴栠牥晥牥湣攠瑯⁆楧⸠㠠⡡⤬⁩琠楳⁣汥慲汹⁳敥渠瑨慴⁴桥
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癡汵敳⁡牥⁬潣慴敤⁡琠捥湴牡氠灯獩瑩潮献⁈潷敶敲Ⱐ睨敮⁴桥
䑘䔯䑙䔠摥捲敡獥猬⁴桩猠瑥湤敮捹⁬敳獥湳⸠周楳⁥晦散琠捡
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䙩朮‹Ⱐ睨敲攠摥瑡楬敤⁤楦晥牥湣敳⁯映浡瑥物慬⁦汯睳⁡牥
浯牥⁣汥慲汹⁩湤楣慴敤⸠䥮⁴潰⁶楥睳Ⱐ楴⁩猠灯獳楢汥⁴
慰灲散楡瑥⁴桥⁰牥晥牥湴楡氠瑥湤敮捩敳⁯映瑨攠浡瑥物慬⁦汯眮
䅳⁭楧桴⁢攠數灥捴敤Ⱐ景爠䑘䔯䑙䔽㈠捡獥⁴桥牥⁩猠獯浥
摥杲敥⁯映獴牥慭⁬楮敳⁣潮捥湴牡瑩潮⁡琠瑨攠捥湴敲⁯映瑨
捲潳猭獥捴楯測⁴桥牥景牥Ⱐ桩杨敲⁶敬潣楴楥献⁏渠瑨攠捯湴牡特
汈䡈郬䡬䡬涐汈䡈䡲㆓敖䡈郬鏺鏺汈䢓望𤋮䡈䡈䡉沐汈郬䱈䥈䢐汈郬䚐沓望爫䢏䊓望敖䡬汈汈汭䡈䡈䡉䡬郬沓望望望煮氽䩉䢐䡈郬鏺鏺郬郬轂䡈汈
㈰噯氮㐷⁎伮㠨ㄹ㤵ⰸ 卅䥓䅎腝 䭅之奕
汬汬⁬⁬汬氠汬汬汬汬汬氠沁 籼籼籼籼籼籬⁬汬氠氠汬⁬⁬汬汬汬⁬汬氠氠汬汬⁬汬汬汬汬汬汬氠汬⁬⁬汬汬汬⁬汬氠汬汬⁬氠氠汬⁬⁬汬氠汬ㄱ‱ㄱㄠㄱ‱‱ㄱㄠㄱㄱ‱ㄠㄠㄱ‱ㄠㄠㄱ‱ㄠㄠㄱⅼ籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼ㆌ ₋
(a)  Rectangulu:  Dffi/DYE=|, EC=0
闱 醬
苠
鏺
腒
腕
裪 艒
艗
膬
芇
腒
裪 膡
芫
膄
Fig.  7  Distribution  of the  velocity  component  I/"
at the  entrance  of the  die..
for DXEIDYE=8  case,  Fig I (b),  the highest  concentrations
of stream  lines  are located  towards  the lateral  positions  of
the diq, which corresponds  to  the double peak of  the
velocity distribution.
4, CONCLUSIONS
In  this paper, COPRESS System  was applied to  the
simulation of  three-dirnensional  extrusion process. By
employing  the system  as  an effective  tool, a comprehensive
, (b)  Rectangvlar:  DWDYE=8,  EC=0
Fig.  8  Stream-lines  distribution.
investigation  into the deformation  characteristics  was car-
ried out. Extrusion of rectangular'and  angle  sections  was
simulated  and  its  flows  characteristics  were  summarized  and
discussed  in terms  of velocity  and  stream  lines  distributions
patterns. Although the die geometry is still sirnple, the
investigation  illustrates  quantitatively  the effect  of geomet-
rical  cornplexity  on the  deformation  mechanics  for rectangu-
lar  an-d  angle sections.  It  is concluded  that COPRESS
Sy'stem  is indeed an effective  tool which provides useful
information  on the detailed  deformation  characteristics  for
various  process  variables.  In order to ascertdin  the accuracy
of  the solutions presented  in  this work  ,  however, an
extensive  research  work is still needed  in order to evaluate
the effect  of the other  important  variables  on the metal  flow
during three-dimensional  extrusion.
References
1)  M. Kiuchi  et; al.: Proc.  1994  JSTP  Spring  Conf.  , (L194),
228.
2)  M. Kiuchi  et. al.: Seisan-Kenkyu,  46,  (1994),  51.
S.  Kobayashi,  S.  Oh  and  T. Altan:  Metal  Forming  and  the
Finite  Element  Method,  Oxford  University  Press,(1989).
銅
鞝
芒
芉
鏺
艒
腤
苞
躣
荫
籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼粁 籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籼籉₇ 䤠䤠䥉⁉䤠䤠䥉⁉⁉䤠䥉⁉䥉䥉䥉䥉⁉䥉䤠䤠䥉蝖 䥉⁉䤠䤠䥉䥉⁉⁉䥉䥉⁉⁉蝖䤠䤠䥉⁉⁉䤠䥉䥉⁉䥉䤠䤠䥉⁉⁉䥉䤠䤠䥉⁉䤠䤠䥉⁉䥉䤠䥉⁉⁉䤠䥉⁉⁉䥉䤠䥉䥉⁉䤠䤠䥉⁉䥉

研究速報 : Extrusion of Rectangular Sections and Angeles : Three-Dimensional Analysis by Rigid-Plastic FEM-2

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