The production of nature inventories has a long history in Poland. Nature Conservancy monographs have been prepa-red for many administrative units in Northern and Central Poland since before World War II. After the war Polish law recognised the need for nature conservation but in practice nature conservation was omitted. In 1980 we came back to the idea that there is a need for nature evaluation. Many environmental studies for communes and documentations for landscape parks were submitted at that time. [fragm. tekstu

Tokarska-Guzik, Barbara

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             Title: Katowice UDP and a proposed system of protected areas  Author: Barbara Tokarska-Guzik  Citation style: Tokarska-Guzik Barbara. (2000). Katowice UDP and a proposed system of protected areas. W: E. V. J. Cohn i in. (red.), " Sustainable development of industrial and urban areas : student manual for BSc and MSc students" (S. 86-92). Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego  The Katowice UDP and a proposed system of protected areasThe Polish legal frameworkIn the Polish legal system sustainability is recognised as a foundation for spatial planning.Under Polish regulations the preparation of a special document showing the main aspects and traits for development and the management of a par­ticular administrative unit is obligatory. Such a document is called: “Study of conditions and trends for the spatial management of the commune/administ- rative unit” (“Studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania prze­strzennego gminy”).An ecological study, documentation and evaluation is a one of the main parts of this document.The main purposes for preparing an ecological evaluation for a commune, town or city are:— to create a basis for the management of open spaces and natural resources— to identify significant ecosystems and linking corridors— to create a basis for spatial planning (showing areas for nature conser­vation, areas for development: housing, industrial, business, etc.)— to create a basis for formulating a nature conservation strategy at the local level (community, town, city) with connection to the regional and national levelsThere are three main stages in preparing an ecological evaluation:• production of an inventory (descriptive studies) — this part should cover:— characteristics of the local environmental background— analysis of previous spatial land use86— nature evaluation— identification and characteristics of the main hazards to nature• diagnosis (analytical studies)— the formulation of an ecological model for the commune, town or city— special, detailed studies for particular areas• results and guiding principles for the development and management of the commune — the construction of an ecological model for the commune.Fig. 1. System of commune management and role of environmental/ecological studies (Kas­przak, 1995 after Kozłowski, 1993)87One final result is the presentation of the ecological, spatial model for the commune, which should consist of the following parts:— diagnosis of the condition of the environment— identification of the admissible types of land use— identification of the main ecological activities for conserving and main­taining the local environment— prediction of future changes in the environment— cartographic illustrations (maps)The production of nature inventories has a long history in Poland (Tokar- ska-Guzik, 1996). Nature Conservancy monographs have been prepared for many administrative units in Northern and Central Poland since before World War II. After the war Polish law recognised the need for nature conservation but in practice nature conservation was omitted. In 1980 we came back to the idea that there is a need for nature evaluation. Many environmental studies for communes and documentations for landscape parks were submitted at that time.There were some attempts to create uniform methodological rules for preparing ecological/environmental evaluation (Dubiel, 1990; Jankowski, 1995). None of the proposed rules are sufficient to identify all environment­al and nature conservation sites important for biodiversity and landscape (Jermaczek et al., 1995).Usually such documentation consists of the following parts:— natural environment— landscape— historic and cultural valuesDepending on the expertise of the team (botanist, zoologist, architect, urbanist, sociologist, etc.) one of the three components tends to be emphasised.In terms of our region, problems of nature evaluation have been described by an urbanist, dr Janina Szczepańska from Faculty of Architecture, Silesian Polytechnic (see references).Application of the framework in Katowice cityThe example shows the contents of the Nature Conservation Study for Katowice. For other examples see articles in Materials for Postdiploma Studies of Urban and Spatial Planning, No 9, 10, 11 (1996).88Nature evaluation of Katowice city(Tokarska-Guzik. B., Rostanski A., Gorczyca J., RostaiQski K. M., Rostanska K., 1994)CONTENTS:1. THE ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND OF THE CITY1.1. Location, area, boundaries1.2. Geology and geomorphology1.3. Soils1.4. Hydrology1.5. Climate1.6. Geobotanical characteristics of the city area1.7. Outline of the main changes in the environment against the background of the city’s spatial development2. METHODOLOGY/METHODS OF INVESTIGATIONS3. RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA3.1. Composition and analysis of the flora3.2. Important plant species, particularly those which are protected, rare, vulnerable and endangered3.3. Composition and differentiation/diversity of trees and shrubs (dendroflora)3.4. Composition and diversity of fauna4. SITES OF SIGNIFICANT VALUESEach site/area has its own description and evaluation:• location of the site• short description of the surrounding area• possibility of connections with other sites• main vegetation types• main nature value (rare plant and animal species)• main uses of the site• mitigation for protection/conservation or/and management• for well-recognised sites, suggestions for types of legal protection• evaluation of sites using such criteria as:— size— topography— habitat diversity— rarity of particular elements— landscape values— naturalness— potential ability to maintain its ecological value— connections with other ecological sites— ecological importance (local, regional, above regional)— fragility89Evaluation of each criterion has been carried out using the Description and the following scale:— 0 — without value— 1 — low value— 2 — average value— 3 — high value— 4 — highest valueThe main reason for such an evaluation was the need to identify the most significant sites in the city, and to construct a classification of the sites for the purpose of further spatial planning. The classification and evaluation of sites was considered in relation to local urban conditions.As a result, the authors have recognised 42 sites of ecological value: 2 existing nature reserves, 1 projected nature reserve, 2 projected natural and landscape complex areas, 12 sites proposed for protection as ecologically valuable barren lands areas, 1 as a monument of nature. For many sites authors have suggested a new form of protection: “local protection”. For the southern part of Katowice is suggested the creation of an “Area of protected landscape” (this is part of a city with large area of forests, open areas, fields and an absence of heavily built-up areas).5. RECAPITULATION5.1. Spatial structure of nature conservation sites5.2. Spatial connections (ecological corridors, ecological “stepping stones”)5.3. Draft nature conservation strategy for the city6. BIBLIOGRAPHY7. PHOTOGRAPHS (about 200)8. ATTACHMENTS (list of plant species, list of trees and shrubs, remarkable trees, list of fauna)9. MAPS 1 : 10 000; 1 : 25 000On the basis of this documentation and other particular studies carried out within the Katowice area, the UDP for the city was completed. The whole document is available at City Council.A proposed system of protected areas in Katowice(Ekologiczny System Obszarów Chronionych — ESOCh)Preserving the natural and landscape qualities of the rapidly developing province of Katowice requires the application of consistent policies by local 90authorities. The policies on nature and landscape protection should be in­corporated into the planning and development policies for the whole region. One of the priorities is that the policy concerning nature preservation both in the territory of the province and the communes should be a scheme for the effective realisation of a nature conservation strategy.Apart from the identification of natural resources and establishing the most appropriate ways for their conservation, management and use, modern nature conservation should also take into consideration their connections in space and time. A widely held assumption in policies for nature preservation is that it should be a basic aim to create a coherent, integrated system of protected areas. After several years of planning in the province, Katowice has attemp­ted to create a “System of Protected Areas” (Tokarska-Guzik et al., 1995; Tokarska-Guzik, 1997; Kupka, 1997).See also section: Sustainable development of urban and post-industrial areas in photographs — Plates 18—19.ReferencesDubiel K., 1990. Zasady sporządzania powszechnej inwentaryzacji przyrodniczej dla gmin. (Rules for preparing nature evaluation for communes). Wyd. CEEW, Krosno, pp. 37.Jankowski W., 1995. Inwentaryzacja przyrodnicza gmin na Dolnym Śląsku (Nature evaluation of communes in Lower Silesia). Przegląd Przyrodniczy (Nature Review),5 (3/4): 267—272.Jermaczek A., Pawlaczyk P., Stanko R., 1995. Możliwości inwentaryzacji miejsc ważnych dla ochrony różnorodności biologicznej na podstawie kryteriów geobotanicznych (Possibilities for studying important places for protecting biological diversity based on geobotanical criteria). Przegląd Przyrodniczy (Nature Review),6 (3/4): 129—144.Kasprzak K., 1995. Ochrona przyrody w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków za­gospodarowania przestrzennego gminy (Nature protection in the study of conditions and directions of gmina (commune) spatial management). Przegląd Przyrodniczy (Nature Review), 6 (3/4): 11—40.Kozłowski S., 1993. Ekorozwój w gminie (Sustainable development in commune). Mat. informacyjne do przygotowania ekorozwoju gminy. Wyd. Ekonomia i Środo­wisko, Białystok—Kraków.Kupka R., 1997. Ekologiczny system obszarów chronionych i tereny o szczególnych wartościach przyrodniczych w Katowicach. Informacja ogólna (Ecological system 91of protection areas and areas with specific natural values in Katowice town. General information, in: Kształtowanie środowiska geograficznego i ochrona przy­rody na obszarach uprzemysłowionych i zurbanizowanych (Shaping of the geogra­phical environment and nature protection in industrialised and urbanised areas). WBiOŚ, WNoZ UŚ, Katowice—Sosnowiec, 24: 5—11.Tokarska-Guzik B., 1996. Problemy waloryzacji przyrodniczej jednostek terytorial­nych (Problems of nature inventories for commune), in: Stan środowiska i zasobów przyrodniczych w świetle problemów gospodarki przestrzennej Górnego Śląska. Materiały dla Podyplomowego Studium Planowania Przestrzennego i Urbanistyki (Materials for Postdiploma Studies of Urban and Spatial Planning), 9, 10, 11: 49—55.Tokarska-Guzik B., 1997. Regionalna strategia ochrony przyrody (Regional nature conservation strategy), in: Przyroda województwa katowickiego (Nature of Kato­wice voivodship), ed. K. Rostański. Wyd. Kubajak, Krzeszowice, pp. 133—135.Tokarska-Guzjk B., Rostański A., Gorczyca J., Rostańska K., Rostań­ski K. M., 1994. Waloryzacja przyrodnicza miasta Katowice. Etap I i II (Nature evaluation of Katowice city. Part I and II). BRM, Katowice (mimeographed).Tokarska-Guzik B., Rostański A., Gorczyca J., Rostański K. Jr., 1995. Przyroda Katowic (Nature of Katowice). Wyd. Planta, Krzeszowice.Szczepańska J., 1999. Problematyka przyrodnicza w "Studium uwarunkowań i kierun­ków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy" (Nature problems in "Study of con­ditions and trends for spatial management of the commune I administrative unit" (mimeographed) (copies are available at staff office).

Katowice UDP and a proposed system of protected areas

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Katowice UDP and a proposed system of protected areas

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