The object of this study was to determine the amount of variation occurring in the number of ray flowers of the Mayweed (Anthemis cotula L.), to compare the variations occurring in different localities, and also the variations in different plants of the same locality, and finally to compare this variation with that of a few other species of Compositae

Fawcett, H. S.

English

University of Northern Iowa

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 12 Annual Issue Article 15 1905 Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other Composites H. S. Fawcett Copyright ©1905 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Fawcett, H. S. (1905) "Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other Composites," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 12(1), 55-59. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact scholarworks@uni.edu. VARIATION IN IiA Y FLOWERS o~~ AN1'HEMIS COTULA AND OTHER COMPOSI'rES. BY H. S. FAWCETT. The object of this study was to determine the amount of variation occurring in the number of ray flowers of the Mayweed (Anthemis cotula L.), to compare the variations occurring in different localities, and also the variations in different plants of the same locality, and finally to compare this variation with that of a few other species of Com-posit::e. For this study of Anthemis the plants of each locality were picked indiscriminately within a radius of perhaps 100 feet. The count of the available heads of each plant was kept separately for comparison, as shown in the appended tables. The counting of the ray flowers was done very carefuliy, and in order to avoid possible error, those heads injured by insects or other causes were discarded. One thousand three hundred and ninety-four heads of Mayweed were counted from seven different localities; four localities in Iowa, two, four and forty-five miles apart, and three localities in Washington state, Seattle, Bellingham, and Hot Springs. It will be seen by the tables that the predominating number of ray flowers in each locality was thirteen, with the exception of Seattle, where the number counted was not sufficient to give any evidence of a real difference. Tables and curves are shown for the entire number of heads counted, and also for those of each locality. It will be noticed that all these curves for the Mayweed are much steeper on the side below thirteen ray flowers, than above (55) 1Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 190456 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. this number. This suggests the question, whether or not this indicates a shifting of the species from a lower to a higher number of ray flowers. It was also noticed that the plants of Anthemis growing in rich soil near barns had heads of greater variability in the number of ray flow-ers, than those in poorer soil; showing the theory to be true in thi::> case, that more food causes greater variability. The ray flowers of 1,160 heads of Yarrow (Achillea mille-foliurn L.) were next counted, in four different localities, three localities in the Bitter Root mountains of western Montana about fifteen miles apart, and one at Ames, Iowa, just south of the College campus. In Achillea, heads con-taining five ray flowers greatly predominated, the entire variation being from two to seven. With one slight ex-ception it will be noticed that the curves are steeper on the side above five than below that number. The curves for the three localities of the Bitter Root mountains are very similar in form and amount of variation. The ray flowers of these localities were much larger and purer white in color than those of Iowa. In addition to the Mayweed and Yarrow, heads of three other species in the Bitter Root mountains were counted; Senecio triangularis Hook, Aster adscendens Lindi., and Erigeron salsuginosus Gray. In the curves for Aster adscen-dens it will be noticed that in nearly every case the line falls for odd numbers of ray flowers and rise5 again for even numbers. ln this plant, as also in Erigeron salsuginosus, there seems to be no predominating number of rays as in Anthemis and Achillea. The time element has not been taken into consideration in this study except in the case of Anthemis for Ames, where tables and curves are compared as between August and September. This time element according to Schull (1904:) is a very important factor in variation. He says, in speaking of Asters, "There is a continuous and more or less regular change in the variable characters from day to day throughout the season." 2Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 57 The mean magnitude, the index of variability, and coef-ficient of variability, with probable error, has been worked out very carefully for each species and each locality with the exception of Erigeron, for which these would have been of little value. The following formuhe have been used in working out the mean, the index of variability, the coefficient of vari-ability, and the probable error. E (V. f) A-= where A ~the mean; n . V · _c the frequency of a class, and n = the total number of variates. o ~ .. c v-E~f)c\ where o ~the index of variability (standard deviation), x ~the deviation of a class magni-tude from the mean, and c\ the difference between the upper and lower limits of a class, which is unity in this case. C --~+where Ge= the coefficient of variability. EA ~.6745 Vo_ ,andEo=6745 Vo where EA and Eo a 2n denote the probable error of mean and probable error in-dex of variability respectively. The subject of the variation of ray flowers in the Compositm has been studied by a number of investigators in recent years. G. H. Shull (1902) studied the variation in the bracts, rays and disk florets of a number of species of Asters. W. S. Tower (1902) studied the variation of ray flowers of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. Shull in the 3Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 190458 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. June Bot. Gaz. for 1904 has a very complete pa per on place constants for Aster prenanthoides. The work for this paper was done in the summer and fall of 1904 under the direction of Prof. L. H. Pammel of the Iowa State College, Ames, from whom valuable sug-gestions were obtained.. Acknowledgment must also be made of important suggestions from Prof. H. E. Summers of the same place, who first suggested the study of Anthe-mis. Valuable aid was rendered by Charlotte M. King, in constructing the tables and curves, and by Estelle D. Fogel in the mathematical work of the paper. LITERATURE CITED. Davenport, C. B. 1899. 1'he importance of establishing specific place-modes. Science N. S. 9: 415-416. --. 1899. Statistical methods with special reference to biological variation. New York; John Wiley and sons. --. 1901. Zoology of the twentieth Century. Science N. S. 14: 315-324. Drury, C. T. 1897. Variation and Environment. Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 21, No. 531, pp. 133, 134. Henslow, G. 1895. Individual Variation. Nat. Sci. June, 1895, pp. 385-390. Hildebrand, F. Uber einige Variationen an Bluthen. Ber. dent, bot. Ges. 11 (1893), No. 8. pp. 476-480. Lucas, F. C. Variation in the Ray Flowers of the com-mon Cone Flower (Rudbeckia hirta), Am. Nat. June, 1904, pp. 427-429. Lutz, F. E. 1904. Biological interpretation of skew variation. Science N. S. 19: 214. Pearson, K. 1903. Variation and correlation in the lesser celandine from diverse localities. Biometrika 2: 145-164. --. 1899. Abnormal and continous variation. Grammar of Science. London, Adam and Chas. Black, pp. S84-392. 4Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15FIG. 1. Flowers of Anthemi.• cotula. 5Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1904IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 59 Shull, G. H. 1902. A quantitative study of variation in the bracts, rays, and disk florets of Asfrr shortii Hook., A. Novce-Anglice L., A. punicens L., and A. prenanthoides Muhl., from Yello": Springs, Ohio. Amer. Nat. 36: 111-152. 1904. Place Constants for Aster prenanthoides. Bot. Gaz. 38: 333-375. Nov., 1904. Tower, W. L. 1902. Variation in the ray flowers of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. at Yell ow Springs, Greene Co., Ohio. Biometreka 1: 309-315. De Vries, H. 1894. Uber halbe Galton als Zeichen des-continurlicher Variation. Ber Deutsch. Bot. Gesells. 12: 197-207. --, 1899. Ueber Curvenselection bei Chrysanthemum SP,r;eturn, Ber Deutsch Bot. Gesells 17: 84-98. 6Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15P L.A.Tll XIII. ·-17 If 19. ~ 21 z IZ ZJ < ~ 2.S, ~ 27 2 !I' 29 J OJI.) 33 J 4 J.5 J 6.)7 J !f 39 ~ ? 41 ~ 43 'r -- 'xji/a na/io 'n of Curv"f?S ,._ - b'.sfl'r To 1ra/ no. V?eaJ.! cour tee! Jot ·--· "'rige '017 " " ,, " 17( IZ.s: IZo / I/ \ I I 1\ ,__, v \ I ~ '\ 115 I 1\/ v " . .\ ,, "'"' 10 I I I ,, --\ I y I / I I I ~, /'\, '· I I \ I I I s I ' I ' / / -. _,J I \/ \ . I ............... , ... _ . ' I .. . ,, -.. . , . FIG. 1. Figures at the top indicate number of ray fiowers per head, figures at the left the number of heads in each class, t J 4 .5 ' • 9 10 12 IJ 14 ,,,- 16 17 1& )7 l 0 It/ ~,fa/< nobo • _rf Curi ~5-: M - aclu ·~o. 7 fol n ~heo Vs co 'mft!<i 116.,. ... Sen• io. ~,_ I antli mis. .. 1/91. 'O" ssr :I l#S i J.50 i ! !Joo ! I 250 j I \ ~00 I ; I \ 160 I I 100 i I /\ ' ! -, "' ' ' 0/ ... ------- I \ --- f-·-· -·-. FIG, 2. Figures at the top indicate number of ray fiowers per head, figures at the 1.,tt the number of heads In each class. 7Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1904Ontl,em:s C.f~/a ocl,;ffea tn;l/f/;um l-5enec;o frian9ufaris Osler oJscenJens inosus Local.•hea f,,m o I a. co.-Th ;J jj_ - /"?. ,.,,, ama I"'. so~th. of J""_JJ. .... /,.:I "h"f' ~~tlrs n•,fh of ~ ~'!nilrJ l1'Jr7h of ~ .. ;~t;1;d1.~'.'..."'~···· ~ 1t.t.~~";':,Z' py;.,;, f. 8t~'1,t"4;::;:. Wash. ;;,.;//, Mls~. f/f/'of PLATE XIV. mea. n. ± .o o~ !:. .o Z I :!: .05 q 0 I ± q3(,, s.0Ji1 + .1401 humber o1 rou5 ?er heaJ. ~ .. , J I 2 J 4 $ f.. 7 I: Q JO II 12 IJ /4 JS /' /7 ,_. JO 20 I., I 2'1 2-9 i I Z q 421(,f; 64<{ 241 12S JS J7 JO It° IJ f.- ''"~ ' --.c:- l.JJ2,/7i'S·tz 2 '<;-1//,4. I Z. I 4. IS Q · 1'1 /Q I 2 0 4 ~4 2S 26 21 21( Vf.JO JI .JZ .J.J 34 .JS J' .J7 JI{ .]Q 40 41 42 4J 44 4S -'' I 3 I{ /, 19 00 S 14 J 2 I() II II 12 I 7 $ ,J 2 fJO 2. I 74 FIG. 1. CondaHsed tabla for all species studied. a th 'n ,,,,,,·r ct; t 0 /J. a. o. o/ raus. Tota.I a a- c () "ll I/ a /J 11 t!F /h /'I" It /9 ao •I I I £ TG 3'1 IZ. /Z 10 ll ' .J /74 14 43/0J;../OO( l.'172+071• 'J~L , " •o ,_ ,. 2.'J'. /q IA s s 4 z. 3,1 IJ.7/[4 1:/)6/9 1.7A,r:to1.JfJ /172. :z." SO ISO Z.I I.I.' ~ z..n. 12. qJ OS"t. 038/ P9SJ"±. O:Zf.'f .owtll ;.. s ,, '9 37 31 1.f 10 II 5 (, 2 /.11 '" .388 ± 101 'l' ~.1s'T + 0?4ff !~J.Jl I ~ ]O 76 21 // .r 3 z. 2 1rr /J.:ZfJOi:.O?(( 1.4«'1 J;..ofst ·" 02. I I I :< 3 q 4 I l2. 11!..f/JYOi:.UOO /.°'ff :OH! .1J4'f 2. 7 ~ '' ,1£ IS :z lf".J l.J . .J:zoz :t.o.rs-• 1410• !. .!lJ'I j .o~"-f If 2.0 1+ /. H 1J. 7 031 i;.OfOo IOSS"f:tOiJfO 0110 FIG. 2. Showa variation in A nthemt• ootula for different looalitlea. 8Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15-t...; * 1.:i 0f>IL i::: 7:.f Y1'~ ~ 10 // 17 1 'il' 1q ~o Fl.: No.1 I 2. 4 .j 2 4 2 2. 2 I 2.J 2. I J 8"' 4 4 s Z.J J f 4 4 6, 6 s-" 9 " z I .3 ~ 7 10 2. ~ I Z --t:. 8 0 ~ s J v 14 ~ 9 7 .If I ~ IZ. <:) Id 7 q / VI 111 'II II I 'if 7 8 ~ zs....._ <:::. 12. ;?. .J I 4 111 ~ /j I J I 4 2. II I I 2 76 .J9 t2 IZ 10 IZ ' .J 174 .#o. of heads i11 eocl, da6s-..Sum FIG. 2. Anthemis cotula. Ames, Iowa, showing indlTldual variation. ...... No. of r,a.!f~ I:: 17 Is' !'J ~ 10 II 12. 13 14 15 /{, 20 21 A: INo.1 I J q 14 2 Z.9 2. I ,; (. I // 3 I ,j 10 I,!/ 4 2 I If( ,2/ s I I /'if .f- I 2! " J s- 10 fr 7 I .34 7 I j 12. h I 2 JS...:. t g' I 8' 2 II <:I .._ ... ""-q 2 + 2 '( ...i: ... 2 q 1'1 () 10 .- Ill // 2 l"f .} 24 ~ 12. / 2 .J I 7~ /J I 7 ~ a 17 ~ ~ /If .3 12 .5 I 21 °'<; 15 2 2 4 ~ 12 // 5 + 4 2. 52 ~ /{, s ,) -...... ~ 11 3' ~~ /~ I " s- I 1a ,., I 2 .J .J J I /,f I 12. J9 !lf S'/ 2 /&J If $ S 4 2 .JI, I TPfal n(J. ~I heo ~ i11 each class. OLlm FIG. I. Figures at the top indicate number of rays, those at the left the number of heads, showing individual variation of Anthemis cotula. 9Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1904t! .!Vo. oj ra.y.s-s: ~ Ill fl 12 -13 lj- / S- /{,, I J Jg l'J 2.0 21 It. ~I c. 4- II ! .3 30 2. I s s {,, 7 2 s 2 I JS" J 2. 11 -~- J 1'1 If 4 7 ~ I / I /-6> . lJ .) z... 2. 2. (o ~ " 2. 4- I 7.::t 7 2. .4 .J .i '1 I! Ill g /!_ .r .4. I 12.. ~ <:> 7 J I j- J 2. J /3 3 4- ~ 10 2. 3 I 2. /.F \! Ill IJ 4 I / &~ <S IZ IS" I/ 2 I 2. 'i ,( 1 IJ I ?_ I I .5-~ ~ /'f I j 2. I I I 'I 2 S l'if' 69 37 .JI IS 10 // J (p 2. 2.// Tota.I >r-o he cul, ;.,.. ea.oh cla.$.S Sum FIG. 1. Anthemis cotula, six miles north of Ames, •howlng Individual variation. 10 II IZ IJ l'f IS" I~ 17 . If .'9 ; 0 Z IExft/. lnatioV? of , Loo!J ifll 1 uri/1 Is fa. Clnr. emis Cofi Ila. t7o-+--+---+--+----tf---+--+---1_~~m~1~,~~,-I.-=-1-~-a-,~~~eft-,+~-111-r+b,r-.-f--~ 160 -+--+---+--+-=-~11----1--+---11".l~m~r~1~F-"--'I<~~lw.f-'T.-a..y,.a~u'"'+a·~sf-=1--±-__, -16md :.r no lh o Cm.~, tl1¥9u.! I.JO -t--+--+--f--f-!-+-+--J----i~-+-+--+--J----1--4---J RO'-l--+---f--l----l--+-l--+---1---1---1--+--+'----l---1---l-__....j //{) -+--+--+---l--+-l---l-l---l---fl----l--+--l---+---fl---1--1 I00-+--11-----1--+-~--f--l---+---f---1---1---l---+---f--1---I 90'-t-+--l---++-+--+4--+-+--+-+---1--+-+--+--l lfO-+--f---,i---+l--+--+l--+-+--+-+---11---+--l--+--l m-+-+---t--+t--,'~'--1+----1c---+-+--+-+---ll---+-+--1 ,' I 6tJ +---1--1---11-~•~\~\,_.1_-1--+--+--l----fl---I---+--+~~ I ~ \ JO-l---+--+--ll-_,_~...+.\--4--1----1--+--+--l---l---I-~ I ' \ 10-t--+--+-+-~l--~-++--i----+-+--+-+--l---+--l Jo-+--+---1h#-+Jl!-fi: +--+-+rN~-+-+---1f--+-+--+--+--1 I '1 .._ \. 20·-·+--+--H-,.._-+-_+-....,l--'~-+--+---l---l---+--+---t I j f \~-~~" .. FIG. 2. Locality curves for Anthemis cotula. Figures at the top Indicate the number of rays, those at the left the number of heads. 10Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15~ "' I l /~ I~ I I~ trl '" 110 Etx.fa/ar. a/ion of Vari 2bi!tl " Cui ves 'or /JO a 1them 1".5 Co "'ula. 12:; - 2milt 'S 1701 t/ioj 7mes i-11;; Leqn 'rmd, ow6. .. 'V 9;; ~o '-0 :· I ' ' . ' 6- I ' ! ' ' I ' -· . ' I ' ) I . , ' ,,,- , . I ! . . 3~ . // I I w if\_ // '":\ ·,~ -/(} v· "' .............. ............. ------....... --/ FIG. 2. Variability curves for Anthemis ~otula. 'i..... No. of ray5. -/:: ~ ~ 10 If 12 1.1 14- !S /{o -;....: )(o.1 !Cf g J:::. I (o 24 52~ ~ 2 I 7 53 /0 s 76~ ~ .3 I ~ 9 I 17 ~ t:::-4 2 4- I/ I I I q ~ ~ s g If I 14 ~ Q.i ~ ~ t, 2J s .J 4 <::) ~ 7 & JS 2 '5 2 ........._ J& ~ ~ I 3 4 ~ 2 1 JO !SO 2.f 14 2 2S2 Total n<'. heads in each class Sv.m FIG. 1. Figures at the top illdicate the number of rays, those at the left the number of heads. Anthemis cotula. Two miles north of Ames. 11Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1904~ No. of ray5. ~ 10 !/ 12 /,'I 14 IS /(, i:i.: /VoJI 72 I II ltf 4 10 .J 2 I 31----l---l-~'-+-''~2-+-~'-1--+----114 4 l----+--1---'-'-+-"'2"°' 2 J J1----l---1-~1_._,J"-+_s"-+~2"4-__,11 t, 1---1--1---1-_!_/+-£=2.+---1---1 .J 'h: !::: 7 I 4 I &.:::[ !) I 2. I 4 C c::i I' 'lJ q 1----+--+-----+--"4=-+-_,,z"'+--+----i "' s.:: c::. I 0 1---1---1---+-'S"--+-=Z-+---1e---1 7 ~ 111----+--1---1---=s-+-~4-+--+----11 ~ -t:: 12. 1J .j '"' <:; 1----+--+---l~'-l--"'--11---1--1 ~/Jl----+--+---l---'-4+-~'+--''-l--1 ft, ~ 14 1---l--+--!--!J"-+-..J"'--+_,_/ +--1 9 ~ /Jl---J---J-+-L7+-'~"-J-~/--l---i/1 I(" 2. 4 4 I II 2. 7 q 7(,, 42. !S 2 !S'.J T,,fa/ no. heads in each class. c5um. FIG. 1. Anthemis cotula, at Bellingham, Waeh. ~ ' 1fJ , ,, /2 I ,.3 11 1,Y /6 7C E"xhl. naft'o'rl of . \ Vari ~bili~ 11 Cu, ves J or ! \ Clr. 1hem :.S(o/; '//O ! \ 66= Wot-5 hrinc, .s,wa ih I le_.')), 'r:i.sh. I i ~:£.-:.= Sea, j \ l,Bell n9h. m_, 11 osh. I \ 60- ; \ I I 61' i \ i \ . ,A-j \ i j .. ,_I \ ~- i i - I \ i '-ao ; i 2- i \ , I \ i \ 20 _ .. ---. \ I , I / IC Ii / '. ~/ .\ ~- \\ i...~ ........... / ~ \~. -,· \\ v / / ~ -~ / L---FIG. 2. Variabillt7 curves for Anthemis cotula, for different: looali~lee. II) 12Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.u i. du/pias/vol12/iss1/15"!-... JVc,. of Tal(S. J\lo; of ra71s. t: ~ 2 . ~ 4 .) ~ .1 4. .1 & r:i:: hO. t I I 0 2.) J Jb I 12- /j 2 I r:, I 2, -1'1 I .5 2 I < 2s J z J J 8' I 2.] 4 I zq 4- 2. 7 q 2 .) 4 I I s I I 0 .] 14 {_: 4- // \( 2.J fo 14 t: (, \. .] I Ir'~ 2.] .J2 ~I -.s:_ ~ 7 s /.) 7 27~ 14- &f:. 44 124"" ""' ~ '-' 8' 7 17 s 2 9 OJ I (, 7 ~ t: " i::-1 g' 42 .J .f J I 7 8' "' "> S" (1 I'( "' 10 4 221 Ill --!::- OJ II 7 7 ,,· q 1'7 2(~ i:: J::. 12 ;[{ Ji{~ I() /J I 24 ~ ~ 2 2& 2 30 ~ 13 I 4 41 177 z 2 24& Z'J I S'if 211/- 7 /f O 8" Total no.heads Ii .5um Tofal nd. hl'Qds .5um 1n each c ass. i17 eac!, cl<us. FIG. 2. Achiltea mitlefolium, Castle Rock, Nez Perces Trail, Montana and Ames. i....-:.,_ ';(. -~~t:ll' ···>, J OI 1.::..."' :~~~.~~ • I ; .... ~ ~~ ~ '·, ~ ( ~~::---I~ r~ '\l~ J ~-1'.:ni'-~~ -. or ~ ~,~ !/ :~ ~~ t- ~~ I- ) ~ :\ i ~ ~ ,.., " . , :I I ~~-- !I . • "" ~ "'~~ 1 i og ~~-e- ' :l l' • ~ ~ ~ "t>~~ \1 : ()/, ' .. "' ~ '~ I . l I : /! "~ I · oa '~'tt"'-' . ' "'~""'"'~"" ~1~22> 1;::.: I '"<:;M"" ~ £-, ~ ~ ~ ?J ~ : ""/ " ., , , 0\: """" c., ~ : I 1-$ -4 1.1-i ~ c;-.... ) $1 ~ ~ 1'? 13:' • . OZ/ ~l;.\-~s.:i :s \\ I c;. ...__. ~ : \ ort ~ r-- "'l ~ ~~ ~ ~ • 1 .t I 1--+--+--H~ll * ~ N f'. ::;" : I ' ~~:: ~ ~ ~~'b ~~ \\ Iii ~, N ~ ; :::. ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ . i\ Ii: o~ '~ ~-.:;; ~ k~ I\ ( "" ~ 1~ " -;: " c;1 "' I 1\ : °'' ~ ..:: .,.... ~ '-- .... ' ...... \':, , ,.., , i::: ~ "" "' "" \i\ . . I ,<;,...,.. ~ ~ 1:~ i /; Oil ::; ( <:. ~ C::. ~ M \ .: 7 ~~c;::; -; ::i iii av ~ ~I~ ~ ~ .. ! \Jo ... ">l )..,,, : ' ()/,/ ~~~~~ :,· C,t,,~~ > 002 ~ ~1-t ~ .., ~"' ';: ;; :_;; [:<_ IZ ;;:";;;~\' I'- .. 11 I FIG. 1. Variability curves for .tchillea mi!lefolium, different localities. "d t' s el ~ 13Fawcett: Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other CompositesPublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1904PLATE XX. ~ No. of rays. /Vo of raZf5· ~ fl_ 4 j (p 7 4 .) 0 7 Alo.1 IZ 7 /q I ZS 2 ZS' 2 7 SI s I &4~ J 9 4 I (, "'\-.. ~ ~ ~ 3 i( 41- .3 4 -SS-s:..._ II 2 17~ ~ ---t:" 4- g-' <.. T 4 II \J 8" <:l <:l (IJ (\) .) 9 q I::: q J'S 4 I 48' I:::' <:> <:> c, ~ 10 .) ft, I ~7 \/) 1 9 ~ <::! ~ It. ... 7 14 4 jg' --t::- 14 8" ,22 ~ "' "' I::: ~ '6 I 7 I !ff- f!..4 7 SI ........ ~ ~ CJ 21 !?. JI~ Z4 q 3J ~ 2 8°" I 't 'if ;.) I 232 3 'f J!.05' 3 7 I 277 Tofa/ 110 J,eaJs i 11 5um eac~ c/C11ss Tof al na h eaJ.s .Sum 117 each class FIG. 1. AchiUea millefolium, Horse Creek, Idaho, 6,000 feet, North Horse Creek 8,000 feet. ' ~ 12 < -onn -£x/11 ??10/i n of 0((1/ t'IC rveJ I ;or lJMe io r ian, u!or/s nn I I ' e lj'o k',i'J. ont Vt) I I -Cos/ 7000 <n I I ---h J!ors ~Cr. ek,li ont1 8'ooolt) I ' ' on I I I I \ I '" I ' : \ I I ---I An Af\. I Vl '\ ' ' ' I - II "' ' I \ v \\ ./ v \j_ __ --- --.---1Pnec10 Tr an u aric. Localtf,es J .f s t, 7 ~ q 10 II 12 13 Total a (/ c osf/, 'llocklnonf(Tooo/t) • 13 c32 46 .J4 21, I 1s:r 6.0lf22 + .071 UJ5t ± .0507 .22/JO Ir' tforse (ree/(,li?on1(B'ooo) /,) .;q 102 IOI 4 2 I 2 2 27t 72Jq/?:-.04t2 /./J92 ± .OJ27 .14Js FIG. 2. Locality curves for Senecio triangularis. 14Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 12 [1904], No. 1, Art. 15https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol12/iss1/15

Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other Composites

https://scholarworks.uni.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6996&context=pias

Variation in Ray Flowers of anthemis cotula and Other Composites

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Northern Iowa