International humanitarian law is based on the premise that war must be fought between combatants. Individual civilians and civilian populations enjoy general protection against dangers arising from military operations and in the conduct of military operations constant care must be taken to spare them.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement No 340956 - IOW - The Individualisation of War: Reconfiguring the Ethics, Law, and Politics of Armed Conflict