Antikoagulantni se rodenticidi upotre- bljavaju u čitavom svijetu za kontrolu glo- davaca. Oni su jedan od najčešćih uzroka trovanja, a najviše je slučajeva trovanja reg- istrirano u pasa. Pregledom arhiva Klinike za unutarnje bolesti u razdoblju od 01. siječnja od 2009. do 01. siječnja 2011. godine identi- ficirana su 22 psa kojima je dijagnosticirano trovanje anikoagulantnim rodenticidima, a imali su potpunu anamnezu, podatke kliničke slike, laboratorijske i rendgenološke nalaze te poznat ishod bolesti. Najčešći osnovni simp- tom trovanja bilo je krvarenje, koje je bilo utvrđeno u 59% pasa. U 18% pasa utvrđena je dispneja, dok su konvulzije i inapetenca bili su prisutni u 9% slučajeva, a depresija u 5% pacijenata. U 59% pasa temperatura, bilo i disanje bili su povišeni, dok su u 9% njih bile povišene samo vrijednosti bila i disanja, uz fiziološke vrijednosti temperature. U 9% pasa su vrijednosti temperature, bila i disanja bile unutar fizioloških granica. Analizirajući rezultate hematoloških pretraga utvrdili smo da su srednja vrijednost broja eritrocita i srednja vrijednost hematokrita bile snižene, dok je srednja vrijednost broja trombocita bila unutar fizioloških granica. Rezultati bio- kemijskih pretraga su pokazali da je srednja vrijednost ureje bila iznad, a srednja vrijed- nost kreatinina unutar fizioloških granica. Srednja vrijednost ukupnih proteina te albu- mina bila je neznatno ispod donje fiziološke granice, dok je srednja vrijednost kreatinin fosfokinaze bila znatno iznad fizioloških granica. Izljev je imalo 76% pacijenata, od toga u 50% životinja je utvrđen likvidotoraks, u 18% likvidoperitoneum, dok je likvidoperi- kard utvrđen u 9% pasa. U svih je pasa anal- izom izljeva potvrđeno da se radi o krvarenju. Svi su pacijenti terapirani vitaminom K te 36% uključivala transfuziju pune krvi. Od 22 psa u 21 psa je došlo do potpunog oporavka, a 1 pas (5%) je eutanaziran iz financijskih razloga. Trovanja antikoagulantnim roden- ticidima predstavljaju dijagnostički izazov kliničarima jer često nedostaju anamnestički, klinički ili laboratorijski podatci kojima bi se jednoznačno moglo potvrditi da se radi o trovanju antikoagulantnim rodenticidima, ipak pravovremena uporaba etiološke i potporne terapije rezultira većinom povoljnom prog- nozom.Anticoagulant rodenticides are used extensively worldwide to control rodent populations. They are one of the most common causes of poisoning in various domestic animal species, with the highest number of poisonings reported in dogs. Case records of dogs presented with prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values and compatible history at the Clinic for internal medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Zagreb between 1 January 2009 and 1 January 2011 were reviewed. A total number of 22 dogs were found to have complete clinical and laboratory data as well as results of diagnostic imaging and outcome in which the diagnosis of poisoning with anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning was established. The most common presenting symptom was external bleeding, found in 59% of dogs, while 18% of dogs presented with respiratory distress, 9% with convulsions and inappetence, and 5% with depression. In 59% of dogs, temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were increased, while in 7% of dogs, heart rate and respiration rate were increased though temperature was within normal limits. In 9% of dogs, temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were within normal physiological limits. Mean total erythrocyte number and mean hematocrit values were lower than the minimum
reference value, and mean platelet number was within normal limits. The biochemistry profile revealed increased mean urea values and normal creatinine values. Total protein values and albumin were decreased, which is compatible with bleeding. The mean creatinine kinase level was significantly above the upper reference value. Body cavity effusions were present in 76% of patients, in most cases (50%) pleural effusion was diagnosed, 18% had ascites, and pericardial effusion was present in 9% of dogs. In all patients, effusion analysis confirmed bleeding within the body cavities. All patients were treated with vitamin K1, and received supportive therapy according to clinical signs, which included whole blood transfusion in 36% of patients. Twenty-one patients recovered uneventfully, and one dog (5%) was euthanized due to financial reasons. Anticoagulant rodenticide intoxications are a constant challenge to practicing veterinarians due to inconsistent history, vague and/or variable clinical signs and laboratory findings. If no appropriate suspicion is established, clotting tests are not performed and a definitive diagnosis is missed. Still, cases of rodenticide intoxications with early diagnosis and adequate etiological and supportive therapy carry a favourable prognosis
